面向数据语义的标示语言XML

自１９９８年２月Ｗ３Ｃ批准 ＸＭＬ规范以来,短短一年多的时间至ＸＭＬ已经成为诸多Ｗｅｂ新技术中最为耀眼的明星。最近举行了第八届国际万维网大会,在为期四天的会议进程中,人们讨论得最多的话题就是ＸＭＬ,因为他们深信,浮现中的ＸＭＬ将是Ｗｅｂ光辉灿烂的未来。 ＸＭＬ是Ｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｂｌｅ Ｍａｒｋｕｐ　Ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ的简称,即“可扩展标示语言”。ＸＭＬ与ＨＴＭＬ一样都从ＳＧＭＬ（标准通用标示语言）衍生而来,ＸＭＬ区别于ＨＴＭＬ的最大特点就是ＸＭＬ是可扩展的,即它允许用户自己定义标记。ＸＭＬ既不是对ＨＴ…     

XML发展综述

介绍ＸＭＬ扩展型标记语言技术的发展与应用情况,全文有三部分内容：ＸＭＬ基本技术、ＸＭＬ发展动态和ＸＭＬ应用。     

XML技术分析

ＸＭＬ是在ＳＧＭＬ和ＨＴＭＬ基础上发展起来的新一代通用 性的标记语言,是一个一代Ｗｅｂ平台的关键技术。ＸＭＬ包括标记语言定义ＸＭＬ、格式语言定义ＸＳＬ和多边 接语言定义ＸＬＬ三个部分组成,文中对ＸＭＬ的整体技术结构以及三个基本组成部分的技术进行了深入的分析,可作为今后利用ＸＭＬ技术开发Ｗｅｂ应用的参考。     

OIM XML 编码研究

元数据联盟提出的开放信息模型是一个无数据描述集，为了便于应用程序的开发和数据仓库的共享和重用，采用ＵＭＬ作为基本的描述模型，使用ＸＭＬ作为元数据的交换标准。文章给出了从ＯＩＭ到ＸＭＬ映射的核心概念，包括类、属性、关联以及类的继承，并对每个描述ＯＩＭ概念的ＵＭＬ图，给出了相应的ＸＭＬ编码。     

XML数据岛数据处理技术研究

ＸＭＬ作为一种新的网上数据交换标准,正在引起广泛的关注。由于ＸＭＬ是一种面向内容的标记语言,与ＨＴＭＬ不同,ＸＭＬ文档中不包括数据显示格式的描述,通常借助ＣＳＳ或ＸＳＬ样式文件来进行显示格式描述。基于ＸＭＬ的应用实现了数据与显示格式的分离,因此,也极大地方便了对数据的检索处理。本文介绍 ＸＭＬ数据岛（ｄａｔａ ｉｓｌａｎｄ）的数据处理技术及应用。１ 何为ＸＭＬ数据岛 所谓ＸＭＬ数据岛,就是将ＸＭＬ文档加入到ＨＴＭＬ页面文件中,数据岛以＜ＸＭＬ＞标记开头,其ＩＤ属性给定的数据岛名称可供ＨＴＭＬ页面文档…     

双分子类脂膜传感器

描述了双分子类脂膜（ＢＬＭｓ）的原理及作用，以及对经典的ＢＬＭｓ嵌入其它物理化学性质特殊的物质进行修饰的方式，并且介绍了在常规的平板ＢＬＭｓ基础进行固体支持ＢＬＭｓ（ｓ－ＢＬＭｓ）和盐桥支持的ＢＬＭｓ（ｓｂ－ＢＬＭｓ）以及在基础上发展的ｐＨ传感器，离子传感器，碘传感器，ＩＤＳ为基础的尿素传感器和光学传感器，这些以分子 膜为基础的传感器改进了原有的ＢＬＭｓ的物理和化学上的性能，使ＢＬＭｓ从性质进行研     

第二代WEB中的VRML实现技术研究

本文论述了虚拟现实、虚拟现实技术及基于ＶＲＭＬ的虚拟现实技术的概况,探讨了在第二代Ｗｅｂ上的ＶＲＭＬ虚拟境界的生成技术,提出了在ＭＶＲＣ系统中用Ｊａｖａ Ａｐｐｌｐｅｔ借助ＶＲＭＬ的外部程序接口ＥＡＩ访问ＶＲＭＬ虚拟境界及人－机交互地生成ＶＲＭＬ虚拟空间的方法,最后给出了ＶＲＭＬ的使用与开发条件。     

XML 查询语言技术与实例分析

随着Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ和ＷＷＷ的飞速发展,作为ＨＴＭＬ的补充,ＸＭＬ以其自身的特点,为Ｗｅｂ页面的管理、搜索、以及Ｗｅｂ上的各种应用的连接提供了便利,从而得到了广泛应用．Ｗｅｂ上已经积累了大量的ＸＭＬ数据,人们需要有一种查询语言来帮助Ｗｅｂ用户有效地查询ＸＭＬ数据,为Ｗｅｂ应用开发人员开发ＸＭＬ应用提供支持．针对以上两种要求而提出了一种查询语言：ＸＭＬ查询语言．阐述了ＸＭＬ查询语言的必要性和设计原则,并对两个实例（ＸＱＬ,ＸＭＬ＿ＱＬ）进行了分析．     

HTML向何处去

近期，ｗｗｗ协会（Ｗ３Ｃ）将推荐扩展标记语言ＸＭＬ（ｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｂｌｅＭａｒｋｕｐＬａｎｇｕａｇｅ）１．０作为超文本标记语言ＨＴＭＬ之后的又一个标准。ＸＭＬ与ＨＴＭＬ一样，都是ＳＧＭＬ（ＳｔａｎｄａｒｄＧｅｎｅｒａｌｉｚｅｄＭａｒｋｕｐＬａｎｇｕａ...     

可扩展标记语言XML的产生与应用技术

可扩展标记语言 ＸＭＬ是一项新兴的网络技术,它由 Ｗ３Ｃ制订并于 １９９８年正式发布。 ＸＭＬ的产生源于 ＨＴＭＬ和ＳＧＭＬ,文章对这一背景给予了简要的讨论,并从可扩展性、结构描述和有效性确认三个主要方面介绍了ＸＭＬ的优点．文章重点讨论了基于 ＸＭＬ的网络应用,给出了一个通用的应用模式,详细探讨了其中的若干关键技术问题。     

The impact of communication technologies on life and relationship satisfaction

Previous studies have shown a relationship between the use of communications technology and well-being, particularly mediated through its effect on personal relationships. However, there is some debate over whether this effect is positive or negative. The present study explored this issue further, examining whether the effect varies depending on the type of communications technology, and the nature of the personal relationship. An online survey was conducted with 3421 participants in three countries (Australia, UK and US). It examined the use of ten communication methods, overall satisfaction with life and satisfaction with four different kinds of relationships (close and extended family, and close and distant friends).Results indicate that richer communication methods, which include non-verbal cues, were positively associated with both overall satisfaction with life and satisfaction with relationships. These methods included face-to-face communication, and phone and video calls. Conversely, more restricted methods, such as text messaging and instant messaging, were negatively associated with both variables. Social networking was negatively associated with overall satisfaction, but not with satisfaction with relationships. The strength of the association between a communications method and satisfaction with a relationship varied depending on the type of relationship, but whether it was positive or negative did not change.     

Control 5.0: From Newton to Merton in Popper's Cyber-Social-Physical Spaces

The future of control in cyberspace of parallel worlds is discussed. It argues for the coming age of Control 5.0, the control technology for the new IT capable of dealing with artificial worlds with VR, AR, AI and robotics. The discipline of automation needs a new interpretation of its core knowledge and skill set of modeling, analysis, and control for cyber-socialphysical systems, and a paradigm shift from Newtonian Systems with Newton's Laws or Big Laws with Small Data to Mertonian Systems with Merton's Laws or Small Laws with Big Data.      

Computer experience, learning style, and hypermedia navigation

This study focused on the extent to which prior computer-related experiences predicted linear and nonlinear navigation when using a hypermedia learning environment. Those with more years’ experience at working with computers and those with more authoring experience took more linear steps, whereas those with more data base experience and those with more hypermedia experience took fewer linear steps. Those with more years experience at working with computers, those with more programming experience, and those with more authoring experience had a lower percentage of nonlinear steps than those with more experience in those three areas. Those with more word-processing experience, more spreadsheet experience, and more hypermedia experience had a higher percentage of nonlinear steps than those with less experience in those three areas. Also, those with more hypermedia experience took less time than those with less hypermedia experience. A major implication of the study is that we can predict the extent to which a hypermedia user may engage in a hypermedia environment in a nonlinear way by knowing his or her experience in a variety of computer-related uses.     

Worm wheel mechanism with passive rollers

In this study, we developed new worm wheel mechanisms with passive rollers as their teeth and confirmed useful functions of these worm wheels with passive rollers to transmit power from worm gears with higher energy efficiency than ordinary worm wheels. By using passive rollers as their teeth, the developed worm wheels could realize high-power transmission efficiency with rolling frictional resistance instead of sliding frictional resistance. A worm wheel with conical passive rollers and one with disk-shaped passive rollers was fabricated as prototypes and examined in experiments. Smooth back-drivability of the worm wheels with passive rollers, which is difficult to realize with conventional worm wheels, was also demonstrated in the experiments. These serial experiments revealed that the developed worm wheel mechanism with passive rollers can replace conventional worm wheels with the same number of teeth and module in ordinary power transmission mechanisms with worm gearing and realize higher energy efficiency and smooth back-drivability. These features can be very useful to realize safe and soft actuators for automation systems in a human environment.     

DOGeye: Controlling your home with eye interaction

Nowadays home automation, with its increased availability, reliability and with its ever reducing costs is gaining momentum and is starting to become a viable solution for enabling people with disabilities to autonomously interact with their homes and to better communicate with other people. However, especially for people with severe mobility impairments, there is still a lack of tools and interfaces for effective control and interaction with home automation systems, and general-purpose solutions are seldom applicable due to the complexity, asynchronicity, time dependent behavior, and safety concerns typical of the home environment. This paper focuses on user-environment interfaces based on the eye tracking technology, which often is the only viable interaction modality for users as such. We propose an eye-based interface tackling the specific requirements of smart environments, already outlined in a public Recommendation issued by the COGAIN European Network of Excellence. The proposed interface has been implemented as a software prototype based on the ETU universal driver, thus being potentially able to run on a variety of eye trackers, and it is compatible with a wide set of smart home technologies, handled by the Domotic OSGi Gateway. A first interface evaluation, with user testing sessions, has been carried and results show that the interface is quite effective and usable without discomfort by people with almost regular eye movement control.     

An interactive tool to promote musical creativity in people with dementia

Dementia is a growing problem that affects the lives of those diagnosed and caregivers, with symptoms having an effect on memory, communication, the ability to learn new skills and problems with behaviour, such as aggression, agitation and depression. Participation in activities can improve quality of life for people with dementia, reducing behavioural problems and aiding relaxation. Research has established that people with dementia can be both artistically and musically creative, and have an appreciation of music even in the latter stages of the disease. The symptoms of the disease, however, mean that supporting music making activities with this group of people is challenging. This paper describes a prototype system designed to enable people with dementia to create music, using a touch screen interface to control a system which utilises chords to create pleasant-sounding music regardless of any prior musical knowledge. Results of usability studies suggest the system is easy to use, and that pleasant-sounding music can be created with it. Participants, including people with dementia, appeared actively engaged during use of the system, many reporting they enjoyed the experience. Future testing will establish the degree to which people with dementia could be musically creative using such a system.     

一种基于动态窗口的虚拟信道通用调度算法

针对虚拟信道调度算法的通用设计问题,设计了独占式轮转和顺序式轮转两种全同步调度算法、抢占式优先和非抢占式优先两种全异步调度算法、以及独占式混合和顺序式混合两种同步/异步混合调度算法,进一步实现了基于动态窗口的虚拟信道通用调度算法,通用算法采用双层调度模型,通过参数配置可实现8种调度策略。实践表明,通用算法既能满足同步数据固定时隙要求,又能适应异步数据动态调整要求,还能满足应急数据及时发送要求,窗口边界和信道边界可动态调整,减少了信道资源浪费,具有广泛通用性和良好适应性。     

制砚艺术规律探讨

砚,俗称砚台。融合了书法、绘画和雕刻艺术的精华,是实用品和艺术品的结晶,是我国传统文化的产物。随着社会的发展,砚的实用功能正在退化,而砚作为我国独有的一种工艺美术品,却越来越受到人们的关注。通过砚台的造型、雕饰等艺术特点,从粗与细、主与次、线与面、动与静、方与圆、刚与柔六个方面研究和探讨制砚艺术的规律性问题。     

Integrated text entry from power wheelchairs

Power wheelchair joysticks have be used to control a mouse cursor on desktop computers, but they offer no integrated text entry solution, confining users to point-and-click or point-and-dwell with on-screen keyboards. On-screen keyboards reduce useful screen real-estate, exacerbating the need for frequent window management, and impose a secondary focus of attention. By contrast, we present two integrated gestural text entry methods designed for use from power wheelchairs: one for use with joysticks and the other for use with touchpads. Both techniques are adaptations of EdgeWrite, originally a stylus-based unistroke method designed for people with tremor. In a preliminary text entry study of 7 power wheelchair users, we found that EdgeWrite with a touchpad was faster than the on-screen keyboard WiViK with a joystick, and EdgeWrite with a joystick was only slightly slower. These results warranted a multi-session comparison of text entry with EdgeWrite and WiViK using joysticks and touchpads, in which we found touchpads faster than joysticks, and EdgeWrite faster than WiViK with both devices after initial learning periods.     

面向计算机的产品创新设计新模型与新原理(II)

该文基于物元动态系统理论提出了产品虚实模型、产品潜显模型、产品正负模型等产品创新设计模型,分析了产品的同素多构性、一关系多实体性、同构多素性、虚实统一性、一显多潜性、一正多负性等性质。给出在一定的条件下,异构同功,异素同功、同潜产品同功,以及同正产品可互相转化产品、同负产品可互相转化的产品创新设计新原理。新模型和新原理有利于开发计算机辅助产品创新设计系统CAPCDS。