耐高温氧化Fe-Cr-Ni中熵合金氧化层的微结构与力学性能分布

目的 开发有优异抗高温氧化性的低成本Fe-Cr-Ni中熵合金,研究其高温氧化层微结构与力学性能分布。方法 通过连续氧化增重试验研究了Fe-Cr-Ni中熵合金在1 150~1 240 ℃空气中的氧化动力学,结合SEM、EDS、XRD、XPS等分析技术与微米划痕试验,对经1 150 ℃氧化4 h后的氧化层形貌、成分、相分布与微米力学性能分布进行了分析。结果 Fe-Cr-Ni中熵合金在空气中高温氧化增重遵循抛物线规律,氧化激活能为417.64 kJ/mol,抗氧化性优异;经1 150 ℃氧化4 h后,Fe-Cr-Ni中熵合金氧化层形成双层结构,外层主要由致密的Mn(Fe/Cr)2O4尖晶石氧化物、Fe2O3和少量MnO2组成,内层由致密且连续的Cr2O3组成,在基体与氧化层界面弥散分布着SiO2内氧化物颗粒。氧化层的力学分布特征体现了其分层结构,外层与内层的结合力约为10 N,氧化内层与基体的结合性好,结合力约为24 N。随着划痕深度的增加,压头从氧化层表面划动至基体,塑性变形比例逐层降低,断裂韧性则随着划痕深度的增加逐层增大。结论 开发的低成本Fe-Cr-Ni中熵合金具有优异的耐高温氧化性能,经高温氧化后在表面形成致密的氧化层有效阻碍了O^2?的向内扩散和合金元素的向外扩散,同时SiO2内氧化物颗粒增加了氧化层与基体的结合力,这是Fe-Cr-Ni中熵合金具有优异抗氧化性的重要原因。     

Ce对共晶Al-Si合金微观组织的影响

研究了Ce的变质处理时间和加入量对共晶Al-Si合金微观组织的影响。结果表明,Ce对共晶Al-Si合金有明显的变质效果,经Ce变质处理后,共晶Si由长针状变为珊瑚状;Ce的变质处理时间和加入量也会影响变质效果,Ce在共晶Al-Si合金中的最佳加入量(质量分数,下同)为1%,最佳变质处理时间为60~90min。     

Ce对Ti-Fe-Mo-Mn-Nb-Zr合金在人工体液及乳酸中腐蚀性能的影响

采用电化学测试技术研究了Ce对新研制的口腔用Ti-Fe-Mo-Mn-Nb-Zr合金在人工体液中耐腐蚀性能影响，采用浸泡试验探讨了Ce对Ti-Fe-Mo-Mn-Nb-Zr合金在不同pH值乳酸中耐腐蚀性能的影响。研究表明，含Ce与不含Ce的合金在Hank’s人工模拟体液浸泡的自腐蚀电位均高于0．42V，且随Ce加入量的增加合金的自腐蚀电位先降低再升高然后再降低；Ce的加入没有改变合会的阳极化曲线类型，均为典型的钝化类型阳极化；Ce的加入使合金在乳酸中的腐蚀由点蚀转变为点蚀和晶界腐蚀；原子发射光谱(ICP)分析表明随乳酸酸性增强，含Ce与不含Ce合金的耐腐蚀性能差异增大；Ce的加入不利于提高该材料在人工体液和乳酸中的耐腐蚀性能。如果为了提高合金力学性能，Ce的最佳加入量为0．1％(按质量）。     

Al-10Ce中间合金对ZL102合金的变质研究

用光学显微镜(OM)等分析研究Al-10Ce中间合金对ZL102共晶铝硅合金的变质处理效果.结果表明.Al-10Ce中间合金用量、熔体中的杂质以及冷却速度对变质效果的影响很大.Al-10Ce中间合金用量为0.9%左右时达到最佳变质效果,用量少变质效果差,用量过多则形成过变质.通过提高Al-Si的纯度可以获得变质组织.冷却速度超过70℃/min时才具有明显的变质效果.由于冷却强度不同,铸棒中心部位变质效果比边部差.Al-10Ce中间合金对共晶铝硅合金变质处理时间较短.     

Cr含量对CrxMoNbTiZr系高熵合金组织与性能的影响

采用真空电弧熔炼的方法制备了Cr_xMoNbTiZr系高熵合金(x=0, 0.5, 1, 1.5)。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、显微硬度计以及电化学工作站研究了Cr含量对该高熵合金结构、组织、硬度和耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,Cr的添加使合金由单相BCC结构转变为富Zr相与富Mo-Nb相的双相BCC结构,随着Cr含量增加,在富Zr相中还有富Cr的Laves相析出;Cr_1.5MoNbTiZr合金具有最高硬度765.53 HV,这是由于第二相析出强化、固溶强化与高熵合金晶格畸变的共同作用;Cr的加入增加了Cr_xMoNbTiZr系高熵合金在质量分数为3.5%NaCl溶液中发生腐蚀倾向,但降低了该系高熵合金的腐蚀速率,同时发现Cr的添加存在一个临界值来保证合金的抗点蚀能力,超过这个临界值合金就会更容易发生点蚀现象。     

合金元素对模具钢热疲劳性能的影响

通过单一添加Y、Ce和复合添加Y+Ce的方法,研究了热作模具钢变质处理后的合金元素种类和含量对热疲劳组织和性能的影响。结果表明,单一添加Y和Ce都可以改善模具钢的热疲劳抗力和抗软化能力;复合添加0.01%Y+0.03%Ce的模具钢的热疲劳性能最佳。     

铜绿假单胞菌对CrCoNi中熵合金微生物腐蚀行为的影响

采用多种电化学实验手段及场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(CLSM)等分析技术,结合活死细菌染色实验、点蚀坑深度分析等方法,以316L不锈钢为对比,研究了CrCoNi中熵合金在含铜绿假单胞菌培养基中的微生物腐蚀行为。结果表明:铜绿假单胞菌能够在CrCoNi中熵合金表面形成不均匀的生物被膜,从而降低开路电位,减小极化电阻和电荷转移电阻,增大腐蚀电流密度;铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜在一定程度上破坏了钝化膜,导致浸泡在含铜绿假单胞菌培养基中的CrCoNi中熵合金的最大点蚀坑深度(4.8μm)大于无菌培养基中CrCoNi中熵合金的最大点蚀坑深度(2.3μm)。与316L不锈钢相比,CrCoNi中熵合金的开路电位较高,腐蚀电流密度和腐蚀速率较小,钝化膜的修复能力较强,在含铜绿假单胞菌培养基中浸泡后的最大点蚀坑深度小于316L不锈钢(5.8μm)。     

CoCrFeMnMo_(0.3)Ni高熵合金微观组织结构与腐蚀性能研究

研究了CoCrFeMnMo_(0.3)Ni高熵合金的晶体结构和电化学性能。研究表明,CoCrFeMnMo_(0.3)Ni合金为FCC固溶体相。该合金在腐蚀介质(1mol/LH_2SO_4,3.5%NaCl溶液)中的动电位极化曲线和腐蚀后的SEM表明,室温时(25℃)CoCrFeMnMo_(0.3)Ni合金的耐均匀腐蚀和耐点蚀性能都优于304不锈钢,尤其是耐点蚀性。     

AlCoCrFeNiCu高熵合金的电化学腐蚀性能研究

利用电化学测试、扫描电镜观察及能谱分析等方法,研究了AlCoCrFeNiCu高熵合金在不同介质中的电化学腐蚀行为.结果表明,在3.5％NaCl和30％H2O2溶液中,1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢与AlCoCrFeNiCu高熵合金相比,具有较正的自腐蚀电位,较小的腐蚀电流密度,AlCoCrFeNiCu高熵合金的腐蚀以点蚀和局部腐蚀为主;在1mol/L H2SO4溶液中,AlCoCrFeNiCu高熵合金的腐蚀电流密度较1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢小,耐腐蚀性能更好.     

熔盐热腐蚀的电化学测量

本文讨论了微分极化电阻测量方法在高温熔盐体系中应用的可行性,提出了在线性极化区腐蚀电极的动力学表达式,并运用极化电阻技术研究了合金元素Cr、Ce和表面涂覆CeO_2对合金抗蚀性能的影响。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.