基于量化新息的容积粒子滤波融合目标跟踪算法

针对现有非线性网络化目标跟踪融合算法存在的精度低和实用性差等不足,以一类带有噪声相关的非线性网络化目标跟踪系统为对象,研究基于测量新息量化策略和容积粒子滤波（Cubature particle filter,CPF）的目标跟踪融合算法. 首先,利用状态方程恒等变换和矩阵相似变换理论解除过程噪声与测量噪声以及测量噪声之间的相关性;其次,各个传感器节点采用自适应策略量化局部测量新息并将其发送到融合中心（Fusion center,FC）;随后,在集中式融合框架下采用容积粒子滤波器设计基于测量值扩维的量化融合跟踪算法,进而给出相应的顺序滤波量化融合算法,上述算法可有效解决因自适应量化引起的非高斯问题;最后,通过两个计算机仿真实验验证了所提出跟踪算法的有效性.     

基于IMM-PF的分布式估计融合算法

针对基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的估计融合算法存在线性化误差,且受高斯噪声假设限制的问题,提出一种基于交互式多模型粒子滤波(IMM-PF)的分布式多传感器估计融合算法.各传感器节点采用IMM-PF算法,以便在非线性、非高斯条件下稳健地跟踪机动目标;融合中心则采用基于粒子滤波(PF)的分布式融合方法进行全局估计融合.该算法适用于非线性、非高斯条件下的多传感器状态估计.仿真结果表明,该算法能够提高多传感器系统状态估计的精度.     

基于IMM-PF的分布式估计融合算法

针对基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的估计融合算法存在线性化误差,且受高斯噪声假设限制的问题,提出一种基于交互式多模型粒子滤波(IMM-PF)的分布式多传感器估计融合算法.各传感器节点采用IMM-PF算法,以便在非线性,非高斯条件下稳健地跟踪机动目标;融合中心则采用基于粒子滤波(PF)的分布式融合方法进行全局估计融合.该算法适用于非线性,非高斯条件下的多传感器状态估计.仿真结果表明,该算法能够提高多传感器系统状态估计的精度.

     

无线多跳传感器网络下基于粒子滤波的信道容错的目标跟踪方法

对信道衰落的无线多跳传感器网络下的目标跟踪问题, 提出一种新的信道容错的粒子滤波方法. 传感器观测数据被量化成二元信号, 经非理想无线信道多跳中继通讯到达融合中心. 中继节点采用一种二元中继策略, 中继输出是信道污染的中继信号的估计值. 在粒子滤波器下, 考虑实际的物理信道, 计算粒子的似然度函数. 将信道衰落结合进跟踪算法, 在已知信道衰落包络和信道统计分布下, 分别设计信道容错的粒子滤波算法. 仿真结果表明信道容错的粒子滤波器提高了目标跟踪的精度, 对非完美信道具有鲁棒性.     

一种实时目标跟踪航迹数据融合算法

在研究多传感器的目标跟踪数据融合时,针对算法都需要事先了解数据的一部分先验知识,虽然能够提高数据的跟踪精度,但只能应用到事后的数据分析中.为了使融合中心能在传感器录取目标数据的同时进行跟踪数据的融合处理,数据融合算法必须实现实时性.为了解决数据融合算法在提高精度的同时不需要以先验知识为背景的问题,提出一种利用数据间支持度函数矩阵进行多组数据加权融合的结果来替代滤波测量值进行卡尔曼滤波,并得到多组测量数据的实时动态融合跟踪.仿真结果表明,能够实时跟踪目标,同时数据融合的跟踪精度大大提高.     

WMSN目标跟踪的改进粒子滤波算法

分析了无线移动传感器网络中目标的跟踪原理,研究了基本粒子滤波算法的主要技术。对基本粒子滤波的重要性函数和重采样技术进行改进后,给出了一种提高基本粒子滤波算法跟踪精度的方法。通过仿真比较可以看出改进粒子滤波算法有较好的跟踪精度。在无线移动传感器网络中强调跟踪精度的场合,改进的粒子滤波算法会有更好的跟踪效果。     

基于Kalman滤波的自回归滑动平均信号信息融合Wiener滤波器

应用Kalman滤波方法,在按矩阵加权线性最小方差最优信息融合规则下,提出了带白色观测噪声的多通道ARMA信号的多传感器信息融合Wiener滤波器.它可统一处理信息融合滤波、平滑和预报问题.为了计算最优加权阵,提出了计算局部滤波误差互协方差阵的公式.同单传感器情形相比,可提高估计精度.一个带三传感器的目标跟踪系统的仿真例子说明了其有效性.     

多传感器跟踪系统自适应Kalman滤波融合

多传感器目标跟踪的一个实际问题是如何获得目标的过程噪声信息,以获得较好的跟踪性能。针对多传感器分布式估计融合系统,利用这种自适应技术给出了一种自适应Kalman滤波的融合方法,它具有与中心式相近的跟踪性能。计算机模拟结果表明：这种方法具有较优良的性能。     

基于观测数据删减及量化新息的无线传感器网络目标跟踪

针对资源受限的无线传感器网络,提出一种基于数据删减及量化新息的目标跟踪方法.利用融合中心接收到的量化新息以及数据删减过程传递的信息对目标状态进行估计.每个传感器节点利用容积卡尔曼滤波执行数据删减过程,融合中心执行一个辅助粒子滤波器.为了节省节点的能量和带宽,将所选择的观测数据的新息符号发送到融合中心,融合中心将数据丢失过程所包含的信息加以利用,提高了目标跟踪精度.仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

基于EKF的集中式融合估计研究

以一类非线性多传感器动态系统为对象, 基于扩展Kalman滤波器(Extend Kalman filter, EKF)介绍三种典型非线性集中式融合算法, 并以此为基础研究部分线性动态系统融合理论在非线性系统中的推广与完善. 首先,利用EKF的一种信息滤波器形式(Extend information filter, EIF)给出测量值扩维融合、测量值加权融合和顺序滤波融合算法公式, 进而研究三种非线性融合算法的估计性能比较以及测量值融合更新次序是否满足可交换性. 结果表明: 当各传感器的测量特性相同时, 集中式测量值扩维和测量值加权融合算法的估计精度功能等价;非线性顺序滤波融合与其他两种融合算法之间不再具备线性多传感器系统中估计功能的完全等价特性;在融合精度不变前提下非线性顺序滤波融合中, 各传感器观测更新次序不再完全满足可交换性. 4个基于纯方位目标跟踪的数值仿真被用来验证文中所得结论的有效性和正确性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。