Microstructure and Properties of Mo Microalloyed Cold Rolled DP1O00 Steels

Two kinds of ultra-high strength cold rolled dual phase steels have been developed by designing C-Si-Mn-Cr and C-Si-Mn-Cr-Mo alloy systems. Tensile strength and elongation of both steels exceed 1 100 MPa and 10%, respectively. The microstructures of both steels consist of massive martensite and ferrite. And the massive martensite of Mo-free steel disperses in the ferrite with volume fraction of 64%. However, the massive martensite of Mo-containing steel is connected or closed by small martensite islands each other, and martensite volume fraction is 69%.As to Mo-free steel, the yield strength, yield ratio, and work hardening exponent n are 548 MPa, 0.49, and 0.26,respectively. As for Mo-containing one, the yield strength, yield ratio, and n value are 746 MPa, 0. 66, and 0.33,respectively. Besides, the ferrite of Mo-free steel is deformed at the initial stage of plastic deformation. However,for Mo-containing one, Mo solution strengthened ferrite and small overaged martensite islands are deformed preferentially at small strain, which causes the yield strength to reach approximately 200 MPa higher than that of Mo-free steel.     

C和Mn元素配分行为对冷轧中锰TRIP钢组织性能的影响

采用冷轧+两相区温轧退火（CR+WR+IA）热处理工艺,研究了两相区退火时间对超细晶铁素体与奥氏体中组织形貌演变、C和Mn元素配分行为以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,冷轧试验钢经两相区形变退火处理后,获得了由铁素体、残余奥氏体或新生马氏体组成的超细晶复相组织。在645℃随退火时间的延长,形变马氏体向逆相变奥氏体配分的C、Mn元素增多,C、Mn元素富集位置增加,同时富Mn区形变马氏体回复再结晶现象明显;伴随少量碳化物溶解,试验钢的屈服强度由741持续降低到325MPa。两相区退火10min时,试验钢力学性能最佳,此时抗拉强度达到最大值1141MPa,断后伸长率及均匀伸长率分别为236%和181%,强塑积达到26928MPa·%。     

硅对Nb-V微合金化Si-Mn-Cr-Mo系贝氏体轨钢组织和性能的影响

研究了1 250 MPa级Nb-V 微合金化Si-Mn-Cr-Mo系贝氏体轨钢(/％:0.25 C,0.38～1.56 Si,1.69～1.76 Mn,1.34～1.37 Cr,0.32～0.33 Mo,0.034 0.036 Nb,0.11～0.12 V)硅含量对试验钢显微组织和力学性能的影响.试验结果表明:试验钢热...     

超级贝氏体钢的现状和进展

超级贝氏体钢的基本合金元素为C-Mn-Si,通过300～500℃低温相变得到超细贝氏体、马氏体和残余奥氏体组织。为减小临界冷却速度、促进贝氏体转变,部分超级贝氏体钢中添加Cr、Ni、Mo等合金元素,并降低C、Mn含量以改善钢材的焊接性能。超级贝氏体钢具有超高强度和良好的塑性,其屈服和抗拉强度分别达～1 200MPa和1 600～1 700 MPa,总伸长率为～15%。新一代超级贝氏体钢的屈服强度可达1 300 MPa以上,抗拉强度超过1 700 MPa。     

Effect of alloying elements on the microstructure‐property relationship in thermomechanically processed C‐Mn‐Si TRIP steels

The effect of additions of Nb, Al and Mo to Fe‐C‐Mn‐Si TRIP steel on the final microstructure and mechanical properties after simulated thermomechanical processing (TMP) has been studied. The laboratory simulations of discontinuous cooling during TMP were performed using a hot rolling mill. All samples were characterised using optical microscopy and image analysis. The volume fraction of retained austenite was ascertained using a heat tinting technique and X‐ray diffraction measurements. Room temperature mechanical properties were determined by a tensile test. From this a comprehensive understanding of the structural aspect of the bainite transformation in these types of TRIP steels has been developed. The results have shown that the final microstructures of thermomechanically processed TRIP steels comprise ~ 50 % of polygonal ferrite, 7 ‐12 % of retained austenite, non‐carbide bainitic structure and martensite. All steels exhibited a good combination of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation. The microstructure‐property examination revealed the relationship between the composition of TRIP steels and their mechanical properties. It has been shown that the addition of Mo to the C‐Si‐Mn‐Nb TRIP steel increases the ultimate tensile strength up to 1020 MPa. The stability of the retained austenite of the Nb‐Mo steel was degraded, which led to a decrease in the elongation (24 %). The results have demonstrated that the addition of Al to C‐Si‐Mn‐Nb steel leads to a good combination of strength (~ 940 MPa) and elongation (~ 30 %) due to the formation of refined acicular ferrite and granular bainite structure with ~7 ‐ 8 % of stable retained austenite. Furthermore, it has been found that the addition of Al increases the volume fraction of bainitic ferrite laths. The investigations have shown an interesting result that, in the Nb‐Mo‐Al steel, Al has a more pronounced effect on the microstructure in comparison with Mo. It has been found that the bainitic structure of the Nb‐Mo‐Al steel appears to be more granular than in the Nb‐Mo steel. Moreover, the volume fraction of the retained austenite increased (12 %) with decreasing bainitic ferrite content. The results have demonstrated that this steel has the best mechanical properties (1100 MPa and 28 % elongation). It has been concluded that the combined effect of Nb, Mo, and Al addition on the dispersion of the bainite, martensite and retained austenite in the ferrite matrix and the morphology of these phases is different than effect of Nb, Mo and Al, separately.     

Nb-V微合金化0.15 ~ 0.35Mo含量和轧制温度对建筑用耐火钢性能的影响

试验钢采用50 kg中频感应炉熔炼,并轧成13mm钢板。试验了R1-0.15MoNb,R2-0.15MoV,R3-0.35MoNbV,R4-0.35MoNbVB和R5-0.35MoNbVTiB耐火钢的轧制温度（1 010～1 050℃）对该钢性能的影响。结果表明,R3钢（/%:0.04C,1.12Mn,0.32Si,0.018P,0.023S,0.35Cr,0.35Mo,0.025Nb,0.15N）在1030℃轧制后具有最佳的综合性能,即抗拉强度598 MPa、屈服强度514 MPa、延伸率28%、屈强比0.86、600℃回火前后HV硬度值分别为215和204、0℃冲击功124J;600℃的屈服强度355 MPa,屈强比为0.69,满足耐火钢国家标准要求。     

硅和铬对超高强双相钢组织和性能的影响

 利用热膨胀仪研究了合金元素硅和铬对C-Si-Mn-Nb系与C-Cr-Mn-Nb系超高强双相钢连续冷却相变规律的影响;采用单向拉伸试验,以及OM、SEM和TEM等方法对比研究了2种DP钢的组织性能与断口形貌。结果表明：硅元素能够提高[Ac1]和[Ac3]点温度,扩大两相区,促进铁素体相变,并能提高马氏体的回火稳定性,改善其形貌和分布;铬元素的添加导致了奥氏体中碳的分布不均匀,使得马氏体内部同时出现了孪晶与板条状精细结构,而且快冷过程中出现了残余奥氏体和马奥岛组织,部分马氏体会在时效过程中发生分解;两钢的抗拉强度均超过1 000 MPa,伸长率超过15%,且含硅的双相钢各项力学性能均要优于含铬的双相钢。     

Nb对C Si Mn Cr双相钢相变规律、组织和性能的影响

  根据C Si Mn Cr和C Si Mn Cr Nb实验钢的相变规律,在实验室进行了控轧控冷实验研究,分析了微合金元素Nb对高强度热轧双相钢相变规律、组织和性能的影响。实验结果表明,Nb可显著推迟铁素体和珠光体转变,并显著降低铁素体开始转变温度,但对铁素体终止转变温度和贝氏体转变温度区间基本没有影响。经Nb微合金化后,实验钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度增幅均在100 MPa以上,屈服强度的增幅高于抗拉强度,且在强度大幅度升高的同时,伸长率下降并不明显,表明Nb的细晶强化作用对提高中温卷取热轧双相钢强度级别的效果明显。     

800 MPa级双相组织低屈服比钢厚板试制

对基本成分为Fe-0.1C-Mo的微合金HSLA钢进行了变化轧制与冷却参数的试验,分析了钢的组织形貌及微观结构;研究了变形和冷却参数与钢的屈服比、缺口冲击功、延伸率等的关系.指出:通过轧制、冷却工艺的组合与变化,可以实现钢的强度、塑性、屈服比的控制;抗拉强度800 MPa级的厚钢板,其屈服比可控制在0.75以下,低温冲击韧性良好.钢的组织主要由针状铁素体和马氏体两相组成.     

Interrelations of cooling rate,microstructure, and mechanical properties in four HSLA steels

The present study was carried out on four steels containing 0.1 pct C-1.5 pct Mn-0.003 pct B* in common, with additions of 1 pct Cr, 0.5 pct Mo, 0.25 pct Mo + 1 pct Cr, 0.2 pct Ti + 1 pct Cr. They were designated, accordingly, as Cr, Mo, Mo-Cr, and Cr-Ti steels. All the steels exhibited a complete lath martensite microstructure with thin interlaths of retained austenite (≈0.05 pct) in the quenched condition. The normalized microstructures, granular bainite, contained massive areas of ferrite and granules of bainite laths. Both microconstituents contained a fine dispersion of cementite particles (size ≈50 Å) together with high dislocation densities. A mechanism explaining their for-mation has been given. The Cr steel, due to its low hardenability, showed in addition polygonal ferrite in the neighborhood of the so-called M-A constituent (twinned martensite and/or austenite). The annealed microstructure (using a cooling rate of 0.033 °C s^?1) of the Cr steel consisted of coarse ferrite-pearlite. Addition of 0.2 pct Ti to the Cr steel markedly refined the structure, whereas an addition of 0.25 pct Mo altered the microstructure to ferrite-lower bainite. In the 0.5 pct Mo steel, polygonal ferrite was found to be completely missing. The mechanical properties of the four steels after quenching, normalizing, and annealing were investigatedvia hardness and tensile test mea-surements. An empirical equation, relating the ultimate tensile strength to the steel composition, for steels that had granular bainite microstructures in the normalized condition, was proposed. The fracture surfaces exhibited cleavage and variable-size dimples depending on the microstructure and steel composition.     

A New Series of Mo-free 215Cr-35Ni-xW-02N Economical Duplex Stainless Steels

A new series of economical Mo-free duplex stainless steels 21.5Cr-3.5Ni-xW-0.2N(x=1.8-3.0,mass%) have been developed.The effects of W on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance were investigated,and the microstructures were analyzed by optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction.The designed steels have a balanced ferrite-austenite relation and are free of sigma phase after solution treatment at 750-1 300℃for 30min followed by water-quenching,whereas a small number of Cr23 C6 precipitates were found after solution treatment at 750℃.After solution treatment at 1 050℃,the steel with 1.8%(mass percent)W exhibits the highest room temperature tensile strength due to the strongest work hardening effect, while the steel with 3.0%(mass percent)W exhibits the highest fracture elongation owing to the transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)effect.The ductile-brittle transition(DBT)and martensite transformation are respectively found in the ferrite and austenite,which deteriorates the impact properties of the steels with the increase of W content.The corrosion resistance of the designed steels is improved with the increase of W content.The pitting resistance of austenite is obviously better than that of ferrite for the designed alloys.Among the designed steels,the steel with 1.8%(mass percent)W is found to be an optimum steel with excellent comprehensive properties and lowest production cost.     

硅质量分数对CSP生产DP600相变规律及工艺的影响

基于C Si Mn Cr Mo系600 MPa级热轧双相钢的组分,设计了不同硅质量分数(0.55%和1.17%)的两种试验钢。采用Gleeble 3500热模拟试验机测定了两种试验钢的连续冷却转变曲线,分析了硅质量分数对试验钢连续冷却过程中组织转变的影响,并研究了硅质量分数对短流程生产中温卷取型热轧双相钢生产工艺的影响。结果表明,相对于w(Si)=1.17%,w(Si)=0.55%使铁素体开始转变温度降低40~50 ℃,明显缩短了铁素体转变的孕育期,并增加了铁素体的体积分数。在CSP线上生产时,低硅钢的终轧温度可控制为820~830 ℃,低的终轧温度使铁素体相变时间增加2.2 s左右,铁素体转变量增加,且后续相变过程中可避免非马氏体组织的出现。因此,低硅钢适合在CSP短流程线上生产中温卷取型热轧双相钢。     

700 MPa级热轧双相钢的组织和性能

 采用热模拟并借助光学显微镜、SEM技术研究了双相钢的相变规律及不同工艺参数下的组织演变规律。根据热模拟结果在实验室试制出700 MPa级热轧双相钢,优化了轧制和冷却工艺参数。实验结果表明：热轧双相钢组织为多边形铁素体+马氏体岛,抗拉强度730 MPa,屈强比062,伸长率236%,达到了DP700级双相钢的性能要求,并讨论了热轧卷取温度对双相钢最终力学性能的影响。     

Nickel saving in a 0Kh17N12M2-type (AISI 316) steel due to nitrogen alloying

The possibilities of the maximum decrease in the nickel content in an AISI 316 (0Kh17N12M2-type) steel via partial substitution of nitrogen for nickel and the corresponding correction of the contents of other alloying elements are analyzed. The corrected chemical composition of an AISI 316L-based steel is ≤0.02% C, 0.1–0.3% N, 17.5–18.5% Cr, 2.2–2.7% Mo, 3–4% Mn, and 0.1–0.5% Si. Calculation of the chromium equivalents of martensite formation and ferrite formation using the Potak-Sagalevich structure-phase diagram shows that, after quenching, these steels should have a purely austenitic structure without martensite or ferrite.     

铬对超高强冷轧双相钢相变和组织性能的影响

实验室成功试制C-Si-Mn-Cr-Nb系和C-Si-Mn-Nb系超高强双相钢,利用热膨胀仪研究了铬对超高强双相钢相变规律的影响,利用光学显微镜、SEM以及拉伸试验对双相钢的微观组织和力学性能进行检测。实验结果表明:铬使实验用钢的CCT曲线整体右移,抑制铁素体和珠光体的生成,对铁素体开始转变温度影响不大,升高铁素体的终止转变温度,降低贝氏体转变温度,提高奥氏体的淬透性,在相同的冷速条件下,铬的加入更容易得到铁素体+马氏体的双相组织;合金元素铬显著改善双相钢的显微组织,细化晶粒,双相钢的屈服强度从510 MPa升高到535 MPa,抗拉强度从1 080 MPa升高到1 145 MPa,抗拉强度的增幅高于屈服强度,在抗拉强度提高的同时,伸长率升高。     

压力容器用12Cr2Mo1R钢150 mm超厚板热处理对组织和性能的影响

试验用12Cr2Mo1R钢(/%:0.08C,0.07Si,0.45Mn,2.16Cr,0.95Mo,0.18Ni,0.14Cu,0.015Al,0.015Sn)经电弧炉-300 mm×2 000 mm电渣重熔扁坯轧制成150 mm厚板(开轧1145℃,终轧850℃)。通过热模拟试验和温度场的有限元仿真得出12Cr2Mo1R钢的静态连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线和超厚板表面、厚度1/4处和1/2处(心部)的冷却温度曲线。热轧板经916℃ 226 min正火,698℃ 240 min回火后,钢板1/4厚度处为贝氏体+少量铁素体,1/2厚度处为贝氏体+铁素体,其力学性能-屈服强度464 MPa,抗拉强度585 MPa,伸长率22%,符合供货要求。     

冷轧变形量对Mn13耐磨钢组织和性能的影响

采用拉力试验、金相检验、X-射线衍射分析（XRD）和透射电镜（TEM）研究了冷轧变形量（12.7%~38.3%）对耐磨钢Mn13（/%:0.98C,0.45Si,13.1Mn,0.024P,0.002S,0.65Cr,0.06Mo,0.05V）7.0~10.0 mm板力学性能、组织和相对导磁率的影响。结果表明,随着冷轧变形量增加,Mn13钢的强度、表面硬度及屈强比等明显增加,当变形量由0增加至38.3%时,钢的抗拉强度、表面硬度（HB）值和屈强比分别由1 030 MPa,305和0.50提高至1450 MPa,460和0.79,同时伸长率由28%降至2.5%。加工硬化过程中,没有发生马氏体转变,形变孪晶的数量和位错密度增加,大量的形变孪晶、高密度位错是Mn13钢产生加工硬化的主要原因。     

Microstructure and Properties of 980MPa UltrafineGrained Cold Rolled Dual-Phase Steels

Two kinds of 980MPa grade cold rolled dual phase steels have been developed by designing C-Si-Mn and C-Si-Mn-Nb alloy systems.The microstructure of martensite in Nb-free steel is consisted of lath martensite and twined martensite with the volume fraction of 67%.However,the main hard phase in Nb-containing one is twined martensit with the volume percent of 59%.The size of martensite islands in Nb-containing steel is from 1μm to 3μm,and the size of NbC precipitates is from 15nm to 40nm.As to Nb-containing steel,the yield strength,tensile strength,yield ratio and elongation are 501MPa,1035MPa,0.48 and 17.5% respectively.Futhermore,Nb-containing steel has higher working hardening rate value above the critical strain 6.5%.And it decreases slowly with increasing the strain.This is mainly because of ultrafine grain size and nano-precipitates in ferrite,which improves the compatibility of phases and reduces the stress concentration at the phase interface.     

C-Mn-Cr-Nb系低合金钢抗氢致开裂性能

 研究了一种低C、低Mn、高Cr和高Nb低合金钢经控轧控冷及轧后回火处理后性能与组织的变化,并对试验钢进行了抗氢致开裂(HIC)试验。结果表明：与轧态相比,回火处理后试验钢的力学性能有较大提高,600℃左右回火后屈服强度由轧态519MPa增加到626MPa,抗拉强度由653MPa增加到705MPa,且韧性基本未降低,回火处理后组织仍以针状铁素体为主,回火后M/A岛尺寸减少。此外,轧态与回火态钢均能满足抗HIC试验衡量标准,回火处理后抗HIC性能优异。降低Mn质量分数能显著提高低合金钢抗HIC性能,提高Cr质量分数和Nb质量分数能有效强化低Mn钢的强度。     

Si含量对超超临界汽轮机转子钢30Cr2Ni4MoV组织和性能的影响

30Cr2Ni4MoV钢(%:0.15～0.16C、0.03～0.45Si、0.12～0.14Mn、0.005P、0.005～0.006S、1.62～1.72Cr、3.60～3.63Ni、0.52～0.53Mo、0.07V、≤0.005A1)由10kg真空感应炉冶炼,锻后经930℃空冷+900℃空冷+640℃空冷处理,再经850℃水淬+600℃回火调质处理。试验结果表明,当钢中的Si含量由0.03%增加至0.45%时,钢中马氏体量增加,晶粒更为粗大;钢的抗拉和屈服强度分别从922～936 MPa和868～873 MPa增至1015～1028 MPa和950～959 MPa,但平均冲击功由205 J降至154 J。