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杉根精油分离及其化学成分测定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用干馏工艺扩试提取杉根精油,干馏釜3m3,干馏温度105~420℃,时间6.0h,产品得率为6.08%,是水蒸气蒸馏提取方法的3倍。产品相对密度(25℃)为0.9912~1.021,折射率nD20为1.4799,旋光度+0.5°。应用GC法对100~250℃的精油化学成分进行了分析,分出41个色谱峰,共鉴定出39个化合物,占该精油总质量的99.16%,其中主要成分为α-蒎烯3.8010%(质量分数,下同),d-柠檬烯2.8893%,β-松油烯7.1880%,长叶烯10.4162%,β-石竹烯4.2064%,α-木罗烯3.017%,β-松油醇2.876%,β-榄香烯4.5719%,柏木醇31.5087%,愈创木醇6.1426%,实验结果表明,精油化学成分及含量因树龄、树的部位、提取工艺不同,差异很大。 相似文献
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超临界CO_2技术分离提纯青蒿挥发油及成分分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用超临界CO2流体萃取技术(SFE)制得青蒿油浸膏,然后用分子蒸馏技术(MD)进行精制。超临界CO2流体萃取青蒿精油最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力25 MPa,温度50℃,CO2流量25 kg/h,萃取时间3 h;分子蒸馏温度为80~120℃,所得青蒿油呈淡黄色,得率由传统水蒸气蒸馏法的0.13%提高到0.47%;所得精油经GC-MS分析,检测出60种成分,主体呈香成分为柠檬烯、(1S)-α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-金合欢烯、α-石竹烯、γ-榄香烯等烯类,精油质量标准达到FCC(2006)。 相似文献
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杉木根精油化学成分研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用常压水蒸气蒸馏法提取了杉木根精油,其得率为1.9-2.3%,密度为0.8580-0.8710,折光率(20℃)为1. 4745、旋光度+0.5°。用GC、IR、NMR、GC-MS等方法对该油进行了定性定量分析。在分出的 112个色谱峰(占该精油总量的 96. 87%)中共鉴定出 52个化合物(占精油总量的 89%),其中含有 α-蒎烯、柠檬烯、对伞花烃、α-松油醇、α-柏木烯、α-白菖烯及β-榄香烯等,其主要成分为柏木醇(39.48%)。 相似文献
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分别采用水蒸气蒸馏法和有机溶剂提取法提取琥珀挥发油(琥珀油)。在琥珀油提取过程中,考察了不同类型提取溶剂、琥珀粉碎程度、浸泡时间及提取时间等因素对琥珀油得率的影响,以及优化琥珀挥发油的提取工艺。结果表明,水蒸气蒸馏法与有机溶剂提取法相比,水蒸气蒸馏法提取琥珀油量少,纯度较高;有机溶剂提取法提取的琥珀油量多,但纯度较低。当琥珀粉粒径为1.5×105 nm、提取温度为120℃,提取时间为12~14 h时,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取出的琥珀油最为纯净,琥珀油最大得率为0.75%。通过红外光谱分析,发现琥珀油中主要含有烷烃类、脂肪酮类或饱和脂肪酸酯、芳烃类、醇和烯烃类化合物等,通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对琥珀挥发油的化学成分进行了鉴定,通过面积归一化法确定各成分的质量分数,鉴定出琥珀油中主要成分有斯巴醇(质量分数为36.74%)、α-咕巴烯(质量分数为23.84%)、氧化石竹烯(质量分数为5.25%)、马兜铃烯环氧化物(质量分数为5.02%)、β-榄香烯(质量分数为3.63%)、1,6-二烯-3-律草醇(质量分数为3.29%)、异长叶烯(质量分数为3.10%)和α-比萨波... 相似文献
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湿地松针叶挥发油化学成分研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用常压水蒸气蒸馏法提取了湿地松针叶挥发油 ,得油率为 0 .2 2~ 0 .5 0 %。GC、IR、NMR、GC -MS等方法对该精油进行了定性定量分析。在分出的 36个色谱峰中共鉴定出 33个化合物 ,占该精油总量的 99.79%。其中含有α -蒎烯、△3 -蒈烯 ,γ -松油烯、乙酸龙脑酯、乙酸萜品酯及长叶烯等 ,含量最多的成分是 β -蒎烯 (36 .5 % ) 相似文献
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分别用水蒸气蒸馏法、溶剂法以及CO2超临界萃取法,对海南红厚壳鲜花进行精油、浸膏提取。3种不同提取方法的得油率分别为0.059%、0.33%、0.20%。用GC-MS技术对其进行了化学成分分析鉴定,并比较不同提取方法所得产物化学成分的异同。水蒸气蒸馏法所得精油共鉴定出25种化合物,主要成分为w(大根香叶烯)=22.62%、w(反式-石竹烯)=12.03%、w(β-倍半水芹烯)=19.00%;石油醚浸提所得浸膏鉴定出25种化合物,主要成分为w(大根香叶烯)=21.24%、w(β-倍半水芹烯)=9.07%、w(高香叶烯)=5.69%;超临界CO2萃取所得浸膏鉴定出19种化合物,主要成分为w(大根香叶烯-D)=17.70%、w(反式-石竹烯)=15.43%、w(16-贝壳松烯)=11.55%、w(α-柯拜烯)=10.62%。 相似文献
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It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples. 相似文献
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ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。 相似文献
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M. S. J. Simmonds W. M. Blaney F. Delle Monache M. Marquina Mac-Quhae G. B. Marini Bettolo 《Journal of chemical ecology》1985,11(12):1593-1599
Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria. 相似文献
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Cheng-Le Zhao Shane Porzio Alan Smith Haiyan Ge H. T. Davis L. E. Scriven 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2006,3(2):109-115
Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively.
There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized.
High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without
the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of
fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to
achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic
SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve
F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender
particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing,
and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing
or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually
preserves suspension stability during freezing.
Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago,
IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition. 相似文献
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Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US
In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae
and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted
in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures
(release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species
(Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species
to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were
exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of
separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles
from the southeastern region of the US. 相似文献
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以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。 相似文献