1-氨基-3-硝基-5-(5-氨基-3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1,2,4-三唑的合成及性能

以5-氨基-3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑(ANTA)和1-氨基-3,5-二硝基-1,2,4-三唑(ADNT)为原料,设计、合成了一种新型C—N互联三唑化合物1-氨基-3-硝基-5-(5-氨基-3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1,2,4-三唑(DANBT),采用IR、NMR、MS对其结构进行了表征,用差示扫描量热法研究了DANBT的热性能,确定了其熔点为221.8℃,分解峰温为291.8℃,热稳定性优于ADNT和ANTA。采用Kamlet-Jacobs方程预测DANBT的爆速与爆压分别为8.69 km·s-1,33.91 GPa。     

3位氨基或硝基取代5-硝基-1,2,4三唑衍生物的合成与表征

以3-氨基-5-硝基-1,2,4三唑(ANTA)、3,5-二硝基-1,2,4三唑的铵盐(ADNT)及2,4,6-三硝基氯苯为原料,设计、合成了1-苦基-3-氨基-5-硝基-1,2,4三唑,4-苦基-3,5-二硝基-1,2,4三唑2种未见文献报道的硝基三唑衍生物,其熔点分别为251～252℃,156～157℃,同时改进了2,4,6-三(3-氨基-5-硝基-1,2,4三唑)-1,3,5-均三嗪合成方法,并采用红外光谱、核磁共振光谱、元素分析等对目标化合物进行了结构表征。探讨了3-氨基-5-硝基-1,2,4三唑与2,4,6-三硝基氯苯缩合反应机理,并研究了反应介质、催化剂等关键因素对缩合反应的影响。确定适宜的反应条件为:DMF作为介质,温度70℃,时间8h。     

5-氨基-3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑(ANTA)的合成工艺改进

以3,5-二氨基-1,2,4-三唑为原料,经重氮化、盐化合成中间体3,5-二硝基-1,2,4-三唑的铵盐(ADNT),用水合肼还原,得到目标产物5-氨基-3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑(ANTA)。采用红外光谱、核磁共振、质谱及元素分析鉴定了ANTA的结构;同时,探索了反应温度对反应收率及纯度的影响,改进了ADNT的萃取及精制方法,提高了产品的纯度(98%以上),反应总收率达64%。     

1,4-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡唑的合成

以吡唑为原料,经卤化、硝化反应合成出重要前体4-氯-3,5-二硝基吡唑(CDNP),然后胺化得到目标物1,4-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡唑(DADNP),收率58.0%。采用红外、质谱、核磁及元素分析表征了DADNP的结构。用差示扫描量热法研究了DADNP的热行为。研究了影响胺化和硝化反应的因素。结果表明,较佳的胺化反应条件为:胺化试剂为2,4,6-三甲基苯磺酰羟胺(MSH),室温,n(ADNP-NH~+_4)∶n(MSH)=1∶1.5,反应时间12 h。最佳硝化反应条件为:V(硫酸)∶V(硝酸)=2∶1,反应温度110~115℃,反应时间4 h,收率72.0%。DADNP的熔点为192℃,分解峰温度为247℃。     

3,5-二硝氨基-1,2,4-三唑铅盐的合成及性能

以硝基胍和甲醛为原料,经缩合反应、硝化反应、肼解反应和复分解反应,合成了3,5-二硝氨基-1,2,4-三唑铅盐,采用DSC和TG-DTG方法分析了其热性能,并测试了真空安定性、吸湿性、相容性、感度性能、5s爆发点、爆热、爆速等物化性质和爆轰性能。结果表明:3,5-二硝氨基-1,2,4-三唑铅盐的热稳定性、真空安定性以及耐吸湿性良好,与RDX、HMX、太安、特屈儿、铁、铝、铜等材料均相容,撞击感度和摩擦感度较叠氮化铅(LA)和斯蒂芬酸铅(LTNR)钝感,5s爆发点为226～228℃,爆热为2 236J·g~(-1),爆速为5 755 m·s~(-1),有望作为LA和LTNR的替代物使用。     

1-甲基-3,5-二硝基-1,2,4-三唑的合成及表征

以双氰胺、二盐酸肼为起始原料,经缩合环化、重氮化硝化、甲基化等三步反应合成1-甲基-3,5-二硝基-1,2,4-三唑(MDNT),总收率为16.75％.精制后,熔点95 ～96℃,纯度大于99％,用核磁氢谱(1 H NMR)、红外光谱(IR)、元素分析对其结构进行了表征.同时,改善了3,5-二氨基-1,2,4-三唑( ...     

2,4,6-三硝基-3,5-二氨基-N-(1,2,4-三唑-4)-苯胺的合成

以2,4,6-三硝基氯苯为原料,先与甲胺醇溶液反应得到1-甲氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯,再经硝硫混酸硝化得到2,4,6-三硝基苯甲硝铵,最后以二甲亚砜为溶剂,强碱甲醇钠为活化剂,与4-氨基-1,2,4-三氮唑反应得到2,4,6-三硝基-3,5-二氨基-N-(1,2,4-三唑-4)-苯胺,总收率达80.18%,并通过¹H NMR、MS、IR对中间体和产物进行了表征。结合反应机理,讨论了影响2,4,6-三硝基-3,5-二氨基-N-(1,2,4-三唑-4)-苯胺合成的关键因素,对其进行DSC和TG测试,结果表明两个热分解峰温分别为210 ℃和328 ℃,在200 ℃以下未出现明显的质量损失过程,升温至500 ℃分解残渣为38.89%,其热稳定性良好。     

4-氨基-2,6-双(5-氨基-1H-四唑基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶的合成与性能（英）

以4-氨基-2,6-二氯吡啶为原料,经过硝化和缩合两步反应,合成出一种新型耐热炸药,4-氨基-2,6-双(5-氨基-1H-四唑基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶(ABDP),总收率为36%。采用核磁共振、质谱及元素分析对产物结构进行表征。分别研究了3-氨基-1,2,4-三氮唑和5-氨基四唑与4-氨基-2,6-二氯-3,5-二硝基吡啶的缩合反应,结果发现,3-氨基-1,2,4-三氮唑中伯胺和仲胺的亲核性相近,5-氨基四唑中仲胺的亲核性优于伯胺。用热重(TG)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了ABDP的热分解性能,发现其在322 ℃有一个热分解峰,322 ℃时总热失重量为97%,采用Rothstein方法计算4-氨基-2,6-双(5-氨基-2H-四唑基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶的爆速为8823 m·s^-1,爆压为36.72 GPa。     

3,5-二硝氨基-1,2,4-三唑肼盐的合成及性能（英文）

以硝基胍和甲醛为原料,经缩合反应、硝化反应和肼解反应得到总收率为63.69%的3,5-二硝氨基-1,2,4-三唑肼盐(HDNAT),并对其进行了表征了结构。测试了HDNAT的部分物化、爆轰性能。结果为:密度1.89 g·cm-3,熔点194~196℃,摩擦感度92%,撞击感度100%,H5026.8cm,爆速9000 m·s-1(ρ=1.80 g·cm-3).采用VLM method计算其爆压为36.0 GPa。     

N,N-双((3,5-二硝基-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)甲基)硝胺的合成及性能（英）

以3,5-二氨基-1,2,4-三唑 (DAT)为原料,经重氮化、硝化、N-烷基化等反应合成了N,N-双((3,5-二硝基-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)甲基)硝胺 (BDNTMN)。利用¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR、红外、质谱及元素分析等手段表征了化合物的结构。采用DSC和TG方法分析了目标化合物BDNTMN的主要热性能。采用Gaussian 09程序和Kamlat-Jacbos方程预估了BDNTMN的理化性质和爆轰性能。结果表明,BDNTMN在170.4 ℃ 和254.1 ℃分别有两个热分解峰。预估的BDNTMN的密度、爆速和爆压分别为1.95 g·cm^-3、9.03 km·s^-1和38.7 GPa,性能优于RDX。     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.     

An Experimental Study on Electro Chemical Machining of Microelectrode

Puts forward a new method in machining microelectrode by electro chemical machining （ECM） and plastic deformed theory. The procedure of this method is to machine the microelectrode according to the basic rule of ECM theory at first. Then, with the change of ECM machining parameters, one of the microelectrode ends is exerted by a load. As a result, the elastic and plastic deformation is produced at the machining section and the microelectrode diameter is reduced. It has been proved that the proposed method can determine the optimum machining parameters to machine the microelectrode of Cu.     

Unscented Kalman Filter for Autonomous Warship Attitude Determination

To address a problem of autonomous attitude determination algorithm using gravitational field and geomagnetic field observation, a new recursive optimization autonomous attitude estimation algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is based on unscented Kalman fiher(UKF), and can synchronously provide the attitude rate information. The simulated results show that the measurement precision of the method could be increased by 2 times compared to that of the common methods.     

Error Coefficient Estimation of Inertial Platformin Its Calibration

The error coefficient estimation of inertial platform in the course of its consecutive ground calibration is studiedA separate-bias algorithm is adopted to estimate the error parameters effectively. The ill-conditioning problem of the equation solution caused by the huge state dimension is also resolved. And the simulation result shows its validity.