阳-非复合离子型氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液的制备

阳-非复合离子型氧化聚乙烯蜡乳液广泛应用于皮革涂饰、造纸、印染等领域,该文用三乙醇胺对氧化聚乙烯蜡进行酯化改性,再用相转变法和复合乳化体系对酯化改性的氧化聚乙烯蜡进行乳化,并对乳液性能进行检测分析。实验结果表明,三乙醇胺对氧化聚乙烯蜡进行酯化改性后,可明显提高氧化聚乙烯蜡的可乳化性和乳液的稳定性。乳化剂的种类、用量、乳化温度以及剪切搅拌速度等乳化因素对乳液性能有较大影响。乳化实验优化的条件为:乳化剂OS-15用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的15%,乳化剂1631用量为氧化聚乙烯蜡质量的5%;乳化温度为90～95℃;连续剪切分散40～60min。     

超声波改性大豆蛋白乳液凝胶的制备、性能及应用

采用超声波改性的大豆蛋白作为乳化剂和凝胶基质制备葡萄糖酸内脂（GDL）诱导乳液凝胶，研究超声波处理对大豆蛋白乳液和乳液凝胶特性，以及槲皮素运载性能的影响。通过乳液凝胶分子间作用力和质构特性的分析，确定超声波改性的最佳条件，为超声波功率400 W，温度55 °C，时间30 min。结果表明，超声波改性导致乳液的平均粒径下降、Zeta-电位绝对值上升、界面蛋白含量上升、表观粘度下降。乳液凝胶的最终G’值提高，形成了更趋近于弹性性质的凝胶材料；低场核磁共振中驰豫时间降低，峰比例分布改变，乳液凝胶的水合特性上升；微观结构观察发现，改性大豆蛋白乳液凝胶具有更加均匀的多孔结构，油滴更好地嵌入在凝胶的网络结构中。此外，超声波处理改善了大豆蛋白乳液凝胶的运载性能。实验结果表明，超声波改性大豆蛋白槲皮素乳液凝胶的包封率、生物利用率和脂肪分解率显著提高。     

含磷丙烯酸酯乳液的制备及性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸酯基烷氧基磷酸酯（PAM-100）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸等为单体,采用预乳化半连续乳液聚合法制备了含磷丙烯酸酯共聚乳液。研究了PAM-100用量对单体转化率、乳液稳定性和乳胶粒粒径及分布的影响,并通过红外光谱（FT-IR）和微型燃烧量热分析（MCC）对乳胶膜的结构及性能进行表征。结果表明：PAM-100的加入有利于提高乳液聚合的稳定性及乳胶膜阻燃性能。与纯丙乳液相比,当PAM-100用量为10wt%时,含磷丙烯酸酯共聚乳液的乳胶粒表面Zeta电位绝对值由34.6mV提高至41.3mV,粒径由169nm下降至132nm;同时,含磷丙烯酸酯乳胶膜热释放速率峰值（pHRR）由391.1W/g下降至333.3W/g,到达pHRR的时间由264s推迟至300s。     

壳聚糖微球及壳聚糖-明胶复合物微球的制备及缓释性能研究

采用乳化-化学交联法制备壳聚糖微球及壳聚糖-明胶复合物微球,并通过实验确定了最佳的成球条件:即m(壳聚糖)∶m(明胶)=2∶1 span-80用量为10g/100 mL,乳化剪切速度为600 r/min,交联率为60％,固化时间为40min.该方法制备的壳聚糖微球球形圆滑,粘连度小,亲水性好.此外在对壳聚糖药物缓释的研究基础上,对壳聚糖复合明胶后,对药物缓释的影响情况进行了研究探索.以生物可降解性和生物相容性好的壳聚糖和明胶为载体承载阿司匹林,研制出阿司匹林壳聚糖-明胶微球,为阿司匹林提供了一种理想的缓释载体.     

海藻酸衍生物活化二氧化硅纳米粒制备Pickering乳液

采用辛胺改性海藻酸钠,并以其通过物理混合和化学接枝2种途径活化SiO2纳米粒,利用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和动态光散射等对产物进行了表征,并超声乳化制备了其相应的Pickering乳液,进而对乳液的形貌进行了观察。结果表明:海藻酸钠上成功接枝了辛胺侧链;经2种途径活化后的SiO2纳米粒粒径均大于未活化的SiO2纳米粒,分别增至467.0和414.4 nm;其Zeta电位较SiO2纳米粒自身的-17.0 mV也发生了变化,分别为-43.9和-35.2 mV。同时,活化后的纳米粒具有了较好的乳化性能,尤其是通过表面化学接枝改性海藻酸钠的SiO2纳米粒,其形成的Pickering乳液液滴分散性好,大小均一,平均粒径为5μm。     

大豆7S与11S球蛋白尿素变性后的粘接性质研究

随着人们对环境保护意识的增加和地球有限资源的缺乏,大豆蛋白在胶粘剂工业中的应用也越来越显示出强大的吸引力,鉴于前人的研究成果,文章研究了大豆7S和11S球蛋白经过尿素变性后在松木、樱桃木和胡桃木上的粘接强度和湿润能力。结果表明在不同的木块上不同胶粘剂有不同的粘接强度和湿润性能。7S大豆蛋白尿素变性后在硬木上有较好的湿润性。1M尿素变性赋予11S蛋白的粘接强度最高,3M尿素变性后,7S蛋白在硬木上的粘接强度大于11S蛋白。蛋白质的二级结构测量表明β-折叠对于3 M尿素变性后的大豆蛋白在硬木上的粘接强度起着重要作用,而无规则卷曲是降低1 M尿素变性7S大豆蛋白粘接强度的主要因素。     

葡聚糖对大豆7S球蛋白的物性修饰

通过大分子拥挤环境下液相体系中发生Maillard反应制备大豆7S球蛋白-葡聚糖共价复合物,采用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)技术证实大豆7S球蛋白和葡聚糖发生了共价结合。采用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、哈克流变仪、荧光分光光度计、紫外可见分光光度计系统研究了共价复合物的形成及葡聚糖共价键入后对蛋白特性的影响。结果表明：5%的7S球蛋白与15%的葡聚糖在pH7.0条件下,95℃反应6 h得到的产物接枝度较高,大豆7S球蛋白和葡聚糖形成了大分子的共价复合物,产物乳化活性提升了约221.7%。     

有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯涂料印花粘合剂

浙江润禾有机硅材料公司的杨振等人将D4与乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷（VTMS）在复合乳化剂存在下、在酸催化下、在75℃反应180min，制成有机硅预乳液；降温至40℃后，依次加入BA、AA、苯乙烯、丙烯酸甲酯及Ⅳ一羟甲基丙烯酰胺，乳化40min制成预乳液，再采用连续滴加法进行乳液聚合，制备了有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液。     

生丝用柔软剂CAPES的合成及应用

摘要：以环氧基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(α,ω-ESO)、聚醚胺为原料合成中间体氨基聚醚硅油(APES),再用马来酸酐(MAn)对APES改性,合成了一种羧基化聚醚硅油(CAPES)。用非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚,将自制的羧基化聚醚硅油(CAPES)乳化,制得白色半透明泛蓝的乳液并将该乳液用于生蚕丝的柔软浸泡整理中。利用红外(IR)光谱、纳米粒度仪、Zeta电位分析仪、扫描电镜(SEM)对CAPES及其乳液进行表征、测定,观察CAPES在生丝表面的膜形貌,并考察CAPES浴液的pH、浸丝时间和硅乳的用量对生丝性能的影响。结果表明：CAPES乳液平均粒径84.6nm,Zeta电位-21.5mV,且在丝样纤维表面的成膜性良好;当pH为6,浸丝时间为30min,CAPES用量为5g/L左右时,整理效果最佳。     

改性柑橘果胶-乳清蛋白稳定的精油Pickering乳液

以改性柑橘果胶和乳清蛋白为乳化剂，对月桂精油、百里香精油、牛至精油及佛手柑精油进行包埋，通过高压均质法制备了改性柑橘果胶-乳清蛋白复合纳米粒稳定的四种精油Pickering乳液。采用马尔文激光粒度仪、SEM、FTIR和哈克流变仪等对乳液进行了表征，并通过药敏实验评价了乳液的抑菌效果。结果表明，经过辐照处理后的改性果胶的乳化能力显著增强，提高至548.11 m2/g。红外光谱证明了聚合物的形成和精油的成功包封。乳液粒径大小在829~1147 nm之间，耐受离心且贮存77d后的稳定性均高于90%。流变学测试表明，四种乳液均属于假塑性流体。乳液对不同精油的包封率为5.81%~21.54%，负载率为0.81%~5.81%，且对包埋的精油具有控释效果。四种乳液对两种食品微生物（大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌）均具有显著抑制作用，抑菌圈范围为7.51~34.98 mm。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。