结晶器电磁搅拌对60钢铸坯质量的影响

对60钢(0.57%～0.62%C)采用结晶器电磁搅拌工艺前后的150 mm×150 mm铸坯质量进行了系统研究,并优化了电磁搅拌工艺。结果表明,采用较强结晶器电磁搅拌强度(250 A)、低过热度(≤250℃)浇铸工艺能显著改善铸坯质量,60钢铸坯中心等轴晶面积比率由平均27.65%增加到52.58%,中心碳偏析指数由1.07降至1.01,铸坯夹杂物含量和尺寸明显减少,钢水中的氧化物夹杂得到有效去除。     

M-EMS对马氏体不锈钢连铸坯质量的影响

根据工业试验结果，分析了结晶器电磁搅拌（M-EMS）对马氏体不锈钢连铸坯的中心疏松、等轴晶率、缩孔及表面质量的影响，并对电磁搅拌对铸坯凝固的影响机理进行了探讨。结果表明：经结晶器电磁搅拌后，当平均磁感应强度B为0．066T时，铸坯中心等轴晶率平均达到了50％，最高达57％，中心疏松均在1.5级以下，中心缩孔90％在1．0级内；铸坯表面质量由使用二冷区电磁搅拌的85％提高到97％，为结晶器电磁搅拌工艺参数的优化及设计提供了一定的依据。     

小方坯连铸电磁搅拌工艺技术对高碳钢铸坯质量的影响

介绍了电磁搅拌技术在小方坯铸机上的应用效果,通过调整结晶器电磁搅拌和未端电磁搅拌电流强度,研究其对小方坯低倍组织、中心疏松、中间裂纹和中心偏析等的影响,从而优化电磁搅拌工艺参数。实践结果表明,根据铸机条件应用电磁搅拌技术,有利于改善连铸坯的凝固组织,提高等轴晶率,减小中心偏析,从而改善铸坯内部质量。     

圆坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌技术开发与应用

建立天钢圆坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌数学模型,提出82B、37Mn5等典型钢种的结晶器电磁搅拌工艺参数.应用模型优化连铸工艺及结晶器电磁搅拌工艺制度,改善铸态组织,提高铸坯内部质量,中心偏析、中心疏松、中心缩孔,中心碳偏析指数≤1.10.     

结晶器电磁搅拌对圆坯质量影响的研究

通过数值模拟计算了马钢圆坯连铸（断面尺寸为Ф450mm）电磁搅拌参数对磁场分布的影响,并通过生产试验研究了电磁搅拌参数对铸坯质量的影响。模拟计算表明,结晶器磁场强度随着搅拌电流的增加而增大,电流不变时,频率越小,磁场强度越大。现场试验表明,采用电磁搅拌能有效改善铸坯低倍组织,搅拌电流越大,铸坯中心等轴晶比率越高;电磁搅拌还能有效改善铸坯疏松和中心偏析状况。选择合适的电磁搅拌参数可以获得良好的铸坯质量。     

攀钢360mm×450mm大方坯连铸关键技术开发

简述了攀钢自主开发的360 mm×450 mm大方坯连铸集成技术及其效果.通过研究开发合理的连铸二冷技术、凝固末端动态轻压下技术和结晶器电磁搅拌技术,提高了铸坯内部质量,解决了大方坯中心疏松、中心偏析、内部裂纹等内部缺陷较严重的技术难题;通过研究设计合理的结晶器结构和冷却工艺制度,以及开发性能优良的连铸保护渣,提高了铸坯表面质量,减轻了大方坯表面凹槽和凹坑缺陷.两年多的生产实践表明,攀钢360 mm×450 mm大方坯连铸机生产的铸坯,中心疏松、偏析、缩孔、裂纹等内部缺陷的评判级别均小于1.0级的综合比例达到99.03%,中心碳偏析指数为1.01～1.05(平均1.03),铸坯表面无缺陷率平均达到99.54%.研究成果为促进攀钢品种结构调整和开发高质量、高性能、高附加值产品提供了重要的技术支撑.     

结晶器电磁搅拌对60Si2CrVAT弹簧钢凝固组织与中心偏析的影响

针对某厂60Si2CrVAT弹簧钢小方坯连铸坯存在的中心等轴晶率低以及比较严重的中心碳偏析等质量问题,系统研究了不同电磁搅拌工艺参数对断面150mm×150mm结晶器内磁场特性的影响,并通过工业试验研究了结晶器电磁搅拌(M-MES)电流和频率对宏观凝固组织和铸坯碳偏析的影响。研究结果表明:结晶器电磁搅拌(M-MES)电流增大,中心等轴晶率提高,铸坯中心碳偏析减小;搅拌频率对等轴晶率和铸坯中心碳偏析的影响呈非线性;优化最佳匹配的电磁搅拌电流和频率分别为340A和3.5Hz时,中心等轴晶率从21%增加到33%,中心碳偏析指数从1.22降低到1.05,消除了中心缩孔,铸坯内部质量有明显的改善。     

高拉速下37Mn5钢连铸圆坯内部质量控制研究

针对Φ200 mm 37Mn5钢圆坯高拉速下铸坯存在的内部裂纹、中心缩孔与中心疏松等缺陷,结合生产实际分析得出过热度高、结晶器电磁搅拌强度偏小、二冷工艺及喷嘴布置不合适是引起铸坯质量问题的主要原因。通过建立经射钉及测温试验验证的凝固传热模型与采用高斯计测量电磁搅拌磁场的分布特征分别对二冷工艺制度和结晶器电磁搅拌参数进行优化,同时对二冷区喷嘴布置进行改进。结果表明:对于Φ200 mm断面37Mn5钢连铸拉速从1.4 m/min提高到1.8 m/min,铸坯内部质量明显改善,内部裂纹消失,中心缩孔和中心疏松均为0.5级,若过热度大于30℃,仍存在比较严重的中心缩孔。     

800 mm圆坯连铸机45钢生产工艺优化

对于超大截面积钢坯往往采用模铸工艺生产，莱钢于2013年进行特殊钢升级改造项目，新建5机5流大圆坯连铸机，圆坯截面尺寸分别为500、650和800 mm。45钢(碳质量分数为0.42％～0.50％)800 mm铸坯的生产流程为100 t EAFLFVD800 mm大圆坯连铸机。从设备和工艺方面进行研究和优化，通过“三恒”浇注、超弱冷配水工艺、结晶器电磁搅拌参数优化提高铸坯芯部质量，中心缩孔为0.5级,中心疏松为1.0级,中心碳偏析指数不高于1.10；缓冷工艺优化，消除了中心裂纹；全程保护浇注工艺减少连铸过程吸气，实现钢中氧质量分数不高于0.001 5%,氮质量分数不高于0.007 0%。     

电磁搅拌在包钢圆坯铸机上的应用研究

文章介绍了结晶器电磁搅拌在包钢圆坯铸机上的应用效果.生产实践表明,采用结晶器电磁搅拌后,圆坯的中心等轴晶率平均增大了5.96%;中心碳偏析指数由1.07降低到O.97;内部缺陷不大于1级所占的比率平均提高了1.2%.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.