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采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯的TiO2和铋镧共掺杂的TiO2光催化剂,以活性黑KN-B为模型降解物,考察了铋单掺杂和铋镧共掺杂对TiO2光催化剂的活性影响,研究了催化剂投加量、染料初始质量浓度、溶液pH对活性黑KN-B降解率的影响.结果表明,铋掺杂的TiO2光催化活性高于TiO2,而适量铋镧共掺杂TiO2光催化活性进一步提高,最佳掺杂比是0.5%的Bi和0.2%的La.当铋镧共掺杂TiO2催化剂投加量为2.0 g·L-1,初始质量浓度为40 mg·L-1,pH为2.2时,活性黑KN-B在125W高压汞灯光照下20min后的降解率可达100%. 相似文献
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以介孔硅基分子筛(MCM-41)为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备分子筛负载型TiO2催化剂。针对催化剂在负载前后及煅烧阶段对其晶型、晶粒及催化活性的影响,从煅烧成型工艺和XRD、TEM表征的角度进行研究;以酸性红B为模拟降解物,通过对分子筛负载型TiO2催化剂的活性评价,从煅烧温度、煅烧时间及碳化效应3个方面考察对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,在600℃下煅烧2 h制备的负载型催化剂的活性最高,催化剂投加量0.5 g/L,光催化反应2 h对50 mg/L的酸性红B的降解率达93%。分子筛负载TiO2在高温煅烧阶段能够有效抑制锐钛相晶型的转变及TiO2纳米晶粒的尺寸,增加单位质量活性位的个数,提高催化性能。煅烧成型阶段空气通入量和升温速度对催化剂活性影响显著,缺氧、无氧及过快的升温速度都会导致碳化效应的产生,严重降低催化剂光催化性能。 相似文献
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以钛酸四丁酯(Ti(OC4H9)4)为原料,用溶胶-凝胶法制备活性炭(AC)负载(TiO2。XRD分析其晶型组成。实验研究了不同TiO2负载量、不同煅烧时间、不同煅烧温度以及不同使用次数等情况下TiO2/AC光催化剂的光催化活性。实验结果表明,当负载量为28.2%、煅烧时间为4h、煅烧温度为400℃时催化剂活性最高,甲基橙溶液的降解率到达了98.09%。同时研究表明了多次使用后的TiO2/AC光催化剂仍具有很好的光催化性能。 相似文献
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微球负载TiO2催化剂的制备与降解苯酚性能 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以粉煤灰中分离的微珠为载体,采用溶胶.凝胶法制备了负载型TiO2光催化剂,通过XRD、SEM技术对粉煤灰微珠负载TiO2光催化剂的晶型结构和形貌进行了表征;采用悬浮体系以苯酚为降解对象,研究了TiO2 光催化活性.结果表明:负载TiO2催化剂在悬浮体系中具有较高的光催化活性,催化剂负载4次,500℃煅烧2h,降解苯酚的能力最强,在苯酚浓度为102 mg/L,120 min降解率达到60%. 相似文献
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采用浸渍法制备了酸改性天然沸石负载TiO2催化剂,采用X射线衍射手段对催化剂进行表征,并考察了酸改性沸石、P25和沸石负载TiO2催化剂对甲醛的吸附性能和光催化活性。结果显示,沸石负载TiO2催化剂的吸附性能较酸改性沸石稍有增加,相对于单独紫外光照和P25/紫外光照,沸石负载TiO2催化剂具有更高的光催化活性,甲醛降解效率达到82.1%。 相似文献
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Li^+掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化性能研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法制备了Li^+掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂,并用XRD和TEM等技术进行了表征;用pH值漂移法测量了催化剂的零电位pH值(pHPZC).结果表明,500℃煅烧制得的催化剂均为锐钛矿相;Li^+的掺杂抑制了TiO2,粒子的生长,提高了催化剂的分散性;催化剂的零电位pH值为6.6—8.1,其值取决于Li^+的浓度和掺杂方式.分别以紫外光和太阳光为光源,孔雀石绿和甲基橙为降解物评价了催化剂的光催化活性;并用气相色谱测试了污染物降解产生的CO2的含量.结果显示,对孔雀石绿的降解,浸渍法和溶胶-凝胶法掺Li^+都能有效提高TiO2的光催化活性,但浸渍法比溶胶-凝胶法效果更好,催化活性最高的为浸渍法制备的5%(摩尔分数)Li^+掺杂TiO2,其在紫外光和太阳光下的光催化活性分别比纯TiO2提高了6—8倍和9-10倍;对甲基橙的降解,除溶胶-凝胶法制备的3%(摩尔分数)Li^+掺杂TiO2能稍提高光催化活性外,其它Li'的掺杂都不同程度降低了TiO2的光催化活性;随污染物降解率的增加,最终降解产物CO2的含量增加.实验结果表明,Li^+掺杂改变了催化剂表面的电荷状态从而改变了催化剂的零电位pH值是造成催化剂降解不同污染物具有不同催化活性的主要原因. 相似文献
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离子液体中微波辅助制备镧掺杂纳米TiO_2光催化剂 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体为反应介质,采用微波辐射干燥方法,制备了镧掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂。并用甲基橙为模拟污染物,高压汞灯为光源,考察了镧掺杂量、微波加热火力、微波干燥时间、煅烧温度等因素对镧掺杂TiO2光催化活性的影响。结果表明,当镧掺杂量(摩尔分数)为0.3%时,在微波加热火力为30,干燥时间为20 min,再在高温炉中于700℃下煅烧2 h后,所制得的La3+/TiO2催化剂主要以锐钛矿相二氧化钛存在,其粒径约为14.5 nm,其对甲基橙的降解率最高。 相似文献
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在玻璃表面预涂一层硝酸镧掺杂的TiO2薄膜.研究了镧盐掺杂对样品相结构、晶粒尺寸和光催化降解亚甲基蓝活性的影响.利用相结构与TiO2薄膜光催化活性关系,探讨了镧盐掺杂对TiO2薄膜的光催化活性的影响.结果表明,与纯TiO2薄膜相比,适量掺杂镧盐可以显著提高其光催化活性.当预涂w(硝酸镧)为0.3%溶液时,TiO2薄膜的光催化活性最佳,降解率为94.56%,镧盐强烈地抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,减小晶粒尺寸,这两方面均有利于提高光催化活性. 相似文献
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The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion. 相似文献
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Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably. 相似文献
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组合凹模的应力分析是一个非常复杂的问题,对其进行精确分析是解决模具寿命的关键。本文采用有限元分析软件Ansys对转子的组合凹模进行了分析,为转子组合凹模的优化设计提供了依据。 相似文献