振动挤出对聚烯烃流变行为的影响

利用自行研制的振动挤出装置研究了振动挤出对聚烯烃流变行为的影响。结果表明:振动场能使高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和聚丙烯(PP)熔体的表观黏度降低;振动场和熔体表观黏度的关系受振动频率、口模温度、螺杆转速的影响。     

聚合物振动挤出多元非线性混合辨识模型研究

针对聚合物振动挤出加工过程输入输出参数较多、机理建模难度大的特点,基于正交试验,提出一种混合辨识建模法,分别建立了线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和聚丙烯(PP)在螺杆振动挤出时,输出参数(挤出功率、胀大比、压力)与输入因子(口模、螺杆转速、振幅、频率)间关系的多元非线性数学模型,并进行了实验验证。     

聚丙烯片材挤出发泡工艺及发泡体系研究

采用自行研制的高熔体强度聚丙烯(PP),通过挤出片材发泡实验,研究了口模温度、挤出温度、螺杆转速等工艺条件以及PP熔体强度和发泡成核剂对片材发泡效果的影响。PP发泡片材最佳挤出工艺条件为:挤出温度210℃,口模温度160℃,螺杆转速40 r/min。PP熔体强度为13 cN,发泡成核剂用量为6 phr时,发泡片材密度最低(0.450g/cm~3),片材表面光滑平整,挤出发泡效果最好。     

改性聚乙烯醇熔融挤出发泡成型及影响因素的研究

采用水作增塑剂兼物理发泡剂,在普通单螺杆挤出设备上实现了聚乙烯醇的熔融挤出-连续发泡,研究了水含量、口模温度和螺杆转速对PVA发泡成型性能的影响.结果表明,适当的水含量、口模温度及螺杆转速是实现PVA/水体系的熔融挤出和PVA中水的可控、连续、稳定发泡的关键因素,通过调控组分、口模温度及螺杆转速,可调控PVA/水体系中水状态,获得发泡均匀、发泡率高的PVA发泡板材,表观密度约为O.4 g/cm3,综合性能良好.     

气辅挤出成型中挤出物直径的理论预测和实验研究

应用Polyflow软件对粘弹性聚合物熔体在气辅挤出口模内的流动进行了研究,得到了挤出物直径的挤出胀大比方程。模拟结果表明,熔体在滑移段的平均停留时间与材料松弛时间之比同挤出胀大比之间存在指数衰减关系。通过HDPE的气辅挤出成型实验,发现不同螺杆转速及挤出温度下挤出物直径的实验值与计算值达到很好的吻合,该计算方法可用于指导气辅口模设计。     

工艺参数对PP挤出发泡泡孔结构的影响

研究了螺杆转速、机头口模形状以及机头温度对挤出发泡聚丙烯(PP)泡孔结构的影响。结果表明：在挤出发泡过程中，一定配方、机头形状和温度下，螺杆转速存在最佳值；机头形状越有利于建立高压，制得的泡沫的泡孔越细密均匀且发泡倍率越高；机头口模温度在保证顺利挤出情况下．越低越有利于制得高发泡倍率的泡沫。     

气辅挤出过程中挤出胀大的实验和模拟研究

气体辅助挤出是一种新型挤出工艺,可以显著减小挤出胀大,减小口模压力降。对气辅挤出过程中的挤出胀大现象进行了实验研究和数值模拟,在实验研究中,对传统挤出和气辅挤出进行了对比实验,分析了螺杆转速、辅助挤出气体压力和流量对挤出胀大的影响,并采用CFD有限元通用软件FIDAP分析了气辅挤出过程中口模内的速度场和压力场。     

入口速度振动对单管挤出口模熔体流动的影响

研究了塑料挤出过程中入口速度振动对挤出口模内熔体流变性能的影响规律。基于计算机流体力学理论,利用FLOTRAN软件对单管口模成型段熔体流动过程进行数值模拟,分析了振动力场作用下与稳态加工成型中口模成型段熔体压力场、速度场及温度场的分布情况。研究表明,沿熔体流动方向上叠加一个正弦振动的入口速度时,挤出压力、温度是周期性变化的;振动速度的引入可以提高挤出速度、降低挤出压力、加剧黏性生热,同时也能提高口模体积流率,而且随着振动幅值的增大,效果越来越明显。     

石墨烯/聚乳酸3D打印复合线材制备及性能研究

采用熔融挤出成型工艺制备了石墨烯/聚乳酸复合线材,研究了模口温度、螺杆转速等工艺参数对复合线材导电性能的影响;研究了不同石墨烯含量对复合线材综合性能的影响;最后进行了石墨烯/聚乳酸复合线材3D打印实验。研究结果表明:只有当模口温度高于195℃时,才能获得表面光滑无气孔缺陷的线材;复合线材电导率随着模口温度和螺杆转速的增加,先增大后减小,合适的模口温度为200～210℃,螺杆转速为13～17 r/min。石墨烯/聚乳酸复合线材拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随着石墨烯含量增加而增大,当石墨烯质量分数为9%时,电导率最高,达到2.7×10~(-2) S/cm。在FDM打印实验中发现:添加石墨烯5%时,其抗弯强度提高了57.1%。与石墨烯/PLA复合线材相比,打印试样的电导率有所提高。     

基于BP神经网络的淀粉EVA复合材料挤出胀大比预测模型及应用

以淀粉和乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)为原料制备生物质复合材料,研究了模口温度、螺杆转速及EVA含量对挤出胀大现象的影响,并应用人工神经网络技术建立双层BP神经网络模型,将正交实验结果作为样本带入模型进行训练。经反复训练,修正误差后对复合材料的挤出胀大比进行预测。结果表明,该神经网络模型能较为准确的预测复合材料的挤出胀大比;随着模口温度的升高,或螺杆转速的下降,或EVA含量的降低,复合材料的挤出胀大比逐渐减小。     

Improving rheological property of polymer melt via low frequency melt vibration

A pulse pressure was superimposed on the melt flow in extrusion, called vibration extrusion. A die (L/D = 17.5) was attached to this device to study the rheological properties of an amorphous polymer (ABS) and semicrystalline polymer (PP, HDPE), prepared in the vibration field, and the conventional extrusion were studied for comparison. Results show that the melt vibration technique is an effective processing tool for improving the polymer melt flow behavior for both crystalline and amorphous polymers. The enhanced melt rheological property is also explained in terms of shear thinning criteria. Increasing with vibration frequency, extruded at constant vibration pressure amplitude, the viscosity decreases sharply, and so does when increasing vibration pressure amplitude at a constant vibrational frequency. The effect of vibrational field on melt rheological behavior depends greatly on the melt temperature, and the great decrease in viscosity is obtained at low temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5292–5296, 2006     

高分子材料动态成型过程中熔体非线性行为的研究

借助流变测量和连续介质理论,不依赖已有的本构关系,对平行叠加正弦振动条件下高分子熔体经毛细管的动态挤出过程进行了理论分析。以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)为原材料,实验测量LDPE熔体在一定振动频率和振幅下毛细管入口压力、体积流量和挤出胀大的瞬态值,即可得到动态成型过程中高分子熔体剪切应力、剪切速率和表观粘度的变化规律:随振幅和频率的变化,LDPE熔体的表观粘度呈非线性变化趋势;在不同的振幅和频率下动态挤出LDPE熔体,跟稳态挤出时一样,壁面剪切应力与壁面剪切速率也成非线性比例关系。     

振动力场下聚合物熔体流变行为的响应与分析 Ⅰ.毛细管压力降和熔体表观粘度

在自行设计的恒速型毛细管动态流变装置上 ,对聚合物熔体进行动态挤出实验。借助已建立的振动力场下聚合物熔体流变行为的表征公式 ,分别计算振动力场下聚合物熔体在毛细管壁处的剪切应力、剪切速率和表观粘度。与稳态挤出时相比 ,引入振动力场后 ,发现毛细管压力降、表观粘度均显著降低 ,且随着振动频率和振幅的改变呈非线性变化趋势 ,作者对此进行了深入分析。     

短圆管挤出模头中熔体取向行为对螺杆轴向振动响应的光散射研究

利用光散射测量方法研究了短圆管挤出模头中聚合物熔体取向行为对螺杆轴向振动的响应。研究结果表明,螺杆轴向振动使聚合物熔体的流动状态和大分子的取向发生了显著的变化,振动力场中振幅或频率的增加都会引起熔体中大分子取向程度的增大。     

The effect of melt viscosity on thermal efficiency for single screw extrusion of HDPE

In this work, a highly instrumented single screw extruder has been used to study the effect of polymer rheology on the thermal efficiency of the extrusion process. Three different molecular weight grades of high density polyethylene (HDPE) were extruded at a range of conditions. Three geometries of extruder screws were used at several set temperatures and screw rotation speeds. The extruder was equipped with real-time quantification of energy consumption; thermal dynamics of the process were examined using thermocouple grid sensors at the entrance to the die. Results showed that polymer rheology had a significant effect on process energy consumption and thermal homogeneity of the melt. Highest specific energy consumption and poorest homogeneity was observed for the highest viscosity grade of HDPE. Extruder screw geometry, set extrusion temperature and screw rotation speed were also found to have a direct effect on energy consumption and melt consistency. In particular, specific energy consumption was lower using a barrier flighted screw compared to single flighted screws at the same set conditions. These results highlight the complex nature of extrusion thermal dynamics and provide evidence that rheological properties of the polymer can significantly influence the thermal efficiency of the process.     

LLDPE在振动剪切复合场中挤出成型的流变行为

利用振动剪切挤出装置研究了线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)在振动与旋转剪切复合力场中挤出成型时的流变行为。结果表明:LLDPE熔体在复合力场中的表观黏度受振动频率、振幅、剪切速率等影响很大。在复合力场中存在使黏度降低最大的振动频率和剪切速率的最佳搭配。     

Effect of process variables on melt velocity profiles in extrusion process using single screw plastics extruder

Abstract

Single screw extruders are used to generate a continuous flow of molten polymer in many industrial polymer processes. The melt velocity profile as extruded is important in determining the properties of the final product and influences process related phenomena such as die swell and the onset of sharkskin. The factors that influence the velocity profile would be expected to be the melt temperature (this affecting the viscosity of the melt), the screw and die geometry, and the output rate from the extruder. In the present work a thermocouple mesh sensor coupled with a cooled stainless tube has been used to determine velocity profiles in melts exiting from the screw of a single screw extruder. The results show that the technique can be used successfully to determine velocity profiles in the extrusion process.

It was found that the main influence on the magnitude of the melt velocity was the extruder screw speed. Melt temperature, and hence melt viscosity, were found to have little effect on the velocity profiles measured. The flow in the centre of the duct was retarded slightly owing to the flow across the screw tip and no rotational component of flow was observed. The velocity profiles measured seemed to be reasonably stable, only small changes being observed in the velocity profiles as the melt flowed along a duct of uniform cross-section, although these changes were limited in nature. Die diameter and length had a limited effect on the velocity profiles generated, although the die entry angle did have a significant effect on the shape of the velocity profile at higher screw speeds.     

低频振动场中聚合物熔体的流变行为

介绍了自行研制的振动注射成型装置的结构及其用研究聚合物熔体流变行为的方法。通过对HDPE和PS的实验研究：发现熔体表观粘度与振动频率之间的关系表现为非线形关系,存在一最佳的振动频率使得处于振动场中的聚合物熔体在此频率下粘度最小;“频率－温度”等效原理可以用来加工热敏性聚合物,两者的综合作用在降低粘度、增加流动性方面会达到事半功倍的效果。     

聚合物动态挤出流变行为研究

本文论述聚合物材料毛细管动态流变行为的测量原理,介绍了自行研制成功的用于合物熔体挤出的毛细管动态流变仪。在该仪器上对ＬＤＰＥ进行了实验研究,发现熔体的粘度与振动源的频率、振幅呈非线性关系。在振动必场作用下ＬＤＰＥ熔体的粘度减小,随振动频率的变化有一最小值。这对矣合物动态塑化挤出工艺过程控制具有十分重要意义。