基于影子趋势对比的矿热炉炉况在线辨识及趋势预测

矿热炉埋弧冶炼炉况影响因素复杂且偶发迁移和跃变, 炉况发展趋势难以把握, 给冶炼过程控制带来挑战. 对此, 本文在深入分析埋弧冶炼机理的基础上, 建立了可表征反应区内电弧热与电阻热交互耦合关系的反应区操作电阻模型, 实现炉况发展趋势的在线跟踪. 当炉况发生迁移或跃变时, 利用前序炉况下所得模型生成影子趋势信息, 并综合考虑冶炼工艺及电弧电阻与料层电阻的动态特性差异, 辨析炉况变化的成因, 形成规则化的待辨识参数在线选取方法, 解决了炉况变化前后采样点少, 传统辨识方法无法适用的问题. 工业现场验证表明, 所提出方法可在复杂条件下对冶炼炉况进行准确跟踪, 并给出可靠的炉况发展趋势预测, 为冶炼过程的精细化生产奠定了基础.     

基于T-S模糊模型的高炉喷煤规则挖掘

高炉炼铁是一个动态的、多变量和非线性的复杂过程控制系统。由于焦炭短缺,价格昂贵,喷吹煤粉代替部分焦炭就成了高炉冶炼继续生存并与其他炼铁方法竞争的重要技术。因为缺乏对高炉的认识,炉长只能根据长期生产实践进行决策和操作。有时忽略了过程工艺指标与各工艺参数之间的影响关系,使得能源和资源消耗处于一种"盲目"的状态。为此,需要通过寻求高炉冶炼喷煤规则实现降低焦比减少资源消耗。以高炉生产历史数据为样本,结合高炉工艺机理分析,运用数据驱动建模技术建立起高炉喷煤T-S模糊模型,从成功的历史记录中寻找出具有准确性和科学性的高炉冶炼喷煤操作模式,建立起操作模式与生产经济指标和能耗之间的关系,达到指导实际生产操作、实现节能降耗的目的。     

基于高炉炉况评价和反馈补偿的喷煤量决策优化

高炉炼铁过程操作者根据炉况设定喷煤量,针对在增减量的大小和时机上存在盲目性、粗糙性、滞后性难题,将高炉冶炼机理与专家经验、过程信息相结合,建立基于煤气流分布和炉缸热状态评价的喷煤反馈补偿模型.首先,分析提取表征高炉煤气流分布和炉缸热状态的重要参数,利用熵权法确定评价模型的输入参数权重,依据专家经验与数据统计分析相结合的方法划分参数等级,分别建立煤气流分布和基于炉温预测的炉缸热状态评价模型;其次,建立与炉缸热状态和煤气流分布相适应的喷煤量反馈补偿模型,消除喷煤设定值不确定性、滞后性影响,提高煤粉的燃烧效率,实时、准确地为现场操作人员提供喷煤设定值.     

基于最优工况迁移的高炉铁水硅含量预测方法

高炉铁水硅含量是铁水品质与炉况的重要表征,冶炼过程关键参数频繁波动及大时滞特性给高炉铁水硅含量预测带来了巨大挑战.提出一种基于最优工况迁移的高炉铁水硅含量预测方法.首先,针对过程变量频繁波动问题,提出基于邦费罗尼指数的自适应密度峰值聚类算法,实现对高炉冶炼过程变量的工况划分,并建立不同工况硅含量预测子模型.其次,针对冶...     

基于BP网络的中速走丝切割加工参数优选研究

为了提高电火花线切割的工艺精度和加工效率,提出基于BP神经网络的中速走丝二次切割加工参数优选方法。通过对中速走丝两次切割过程进行正交试验,且在二次切割加工参数中加入二次切割的偏移量,进一步分析各因素对加工表面粗糙度和加工速度的影响,得出二次切割的最佳参数组合,最后运用BP神经网络构建加工参数优选模型并对实验结果进行分析。实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的预测精度,能够实现加工参数的优化选择,在实际生产过程中具有重要的参考作用。     

一种增量贝叶斯分类模型

分类一直是机器学习，模型识别和数据挖掘研究的核心问题，从海量数据中学习分类知识，尤其是当获得大量的带有类别标注的样本代价较高时，增量学习是解决该问题的有效途径，该文将简单贝叶期方法应用于增量分类中，提出了一种增量贝叶斯学习模型，给出了增量贝叶斯推理过程，包括增量地修正分类器参数和增量地分类测试样本，实验结果表明，该算法是可行的和有效。     

基于火焰图像特征与GRNN的转炉吹炼状态识别

随着转炉冶炼过程的推进,炉口火焰图像在不同的冶炼阶段呈现较为明显的差别。根据火焰图像判断冶炼所处阶段的问题,其关键在于如何准确提取火焰的主要特征,提出了火焰边缘线不变矩特征,火焰图像Laws纹理能量特征,以及图像色彩特征,并研究了它们的变化过程。最后,利用广义回归神经网络（GRNN）建立图像特征和冶炼阶段之间的分类模型。实验结果表明,该方法能有效进行基于图像识别的转炉冶炼状态判断,具有较高的实用价值。     

PDC钻头智能化设计系统

设计高质量的PDC钻头三维模型需要设计人员具有丰富的专业知识并能熟练使用3D设计工具,是一个高度智能化的复杂过程。提出把钻头基本模型与专家设计经验结合起来形成一个PDC钻头智能化设计系统。该系统根据岩层属性选择钻头基本模型,然后依据钻头准则规范钻头刀翼各类曲线,由专家知识库对钻头参数进行甄别优化,得到PDC钻头三维模型。PDC钻头智能化设计系统中融合了专家设计知识与钻头设计准则,具有智能化高、操作简单、准确度高的特点。     

基于区间数的黄金湿法冶炼过程建模与优化研究

针对黄金湿法冶炼生产过程中某些关键变量不能准确在线测量，导致局部工序无法定量建模、难以基于定量模型实现过程优化控制的问题，提出一种基于区间数的过程分层优化方法.在对黄金湿法冶炼生产过程特点进行分析的基础上，提出了基于区间数的过程分层优化框架.基于专家知识和现场操作人员经验等信息，建立了调浆过程的模糊定性模型.结合氰化浸出和置换等工序的定量模型及调浆过程的定性模型，建立了以综合经济效益最大为优化目标的黄金湿法冶炼生产过程优化模型.针对模糊定性模型的每一输出模态，利用区间数代替无法检测关键变量，提出了基于区间优化和分层优化思想相结合的优化方法，实现了黄金湿法冶炼过程的优化.与传统全流程优化方法的仿真对比实验表明，所提方法在具有不确定性的流程工业生产过程优化中具有一定的应用价值.     

铜精炼阳极炉氧化过程铜液温度软测量模型及应用

基于铜精炼阳极炉氧化过程热工机理，建立了铜精炼阳极炉氧化过程铜液温度软测量模型，在铜液温度软测量的算法设计中采用数据预处理、黄金分割法搜索区间以及软测量模型参数校正等技术。实际应用结果表明，铜精炼阳极炉氧化过程铜液温度软测量可以反映氧化过程铜液温度的真实变化，有助于实现铜精炼阳极炉精炼过程铜液温度软控制以及提高铜精炼过程的生产效率和生产质量。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。