双迭片弯曲换能器接收特性的分析与计算

本文理论上导出边缘固定金属压电陶瓷双迭片圆板弯曲振动换能器在忽略辐射阻尼和损耗及满足薄板小挠度和轴对称条件下位移的一般解,并进一步得到了共振频率,自由场电压灵敏度的计算公式,和实验样品的测试结果进行了比较,所得结果对金属压电陶瓷双迭片圆板弯曲振动换能器的设计具有参考价值。     

三维同振型矢量水听器设计

为了使同振型压电陶瓷矢量水听器在低频和甚低频下有高的振速接收灵敏度和优良的偶极方向性,采用高灵敏度的双迭片压电弯曲圆片作为加速度计和注水银技术。简要介绍了该矢量水听器的结构设计和水银量补偿两个关键技术,给出三维同振型矢量水听器声学性能测试结果。     

双迭片弯曲压电陶瓷换能器及振动模态分析测量

介绍了双迭片弯曲压电陶瓷换能器的制作及边缘固定金属压电陶瓷双迭片弯曲振动，并利用有限元分析了换能器的谐振模式，采用激光多普勒干涉仪对换能器的谐振特性以及振动速度和位移分布进行了测量和分析，结果表明：换能器空载性能良好，通过有限元分析与先进测量手段的结合，能够对换能器器件的制作与分析进行指导。     

轴向极化的层合压电圆柱壳的自由振动

从轴向极化的三维圆柱型正交各向异性压电弹性力学基本方程出发,建立了状态方程。采用细分近似方法,得到了状态变量解。分析了两端简支的层合压电圆柱壳的自由振动问题,给出了频率方程的精确形式,并作了具体计算。     

基于Mindlin理论的厚阶梯圆盘弯曲振动特性研究

阶梯圆盘辐射体因其辐射面积大、辐射效率高等优点在大功率超声领域获得了广泛的应用。从声学应用角度,基于Mindlin理论推导了厚阶梯圆盘在自由、固定、简支边界条件下的频率方程,并分别对频率方程进行数值求解,结果表明计算得到的频率与有限元模拟及实验测试结果基本相符。该结论为厚盘的弯曲振动辐射器的设计提供了理论参考。     

压电陶瓷矩形振子的三维等效电路及其在振子频率特性分析中的应用

在忽略剪切振动、弯曲振动及扭转振动的近似条件下,分析了压电陶瓷矩形振子长度、宽度及厚度振动模式之间的耦合振动,推导出了振子三维耦合振动的等效电路.在此基础上研究了矩形振子耦合振动的共振频率特性并得出了振子的共振频率方程.理论分析表明,压电陶瓷细长条的横向及纵向振动模式是矩形振子在一定几何尺寸条件下的振动模式.按照导出的耦合振动频率方程设计的压电陶瓷矩形振子,其实测共振频率与理论计算值基本符合.     

电磁复合材料层合板自由振动的三维解

从三维弹性理论及压电压磁理论出发,导出有限长磁电效应层合板的动力学方程。采用幂级数法,通过处理得到一种比较简便的求解。分析了压电-压磁层合板分别作为动作片和感知片时对振动频率的影响。单层压电板的计算结果与前人结果相近。分析了磁性材料厚度等参数对复合材料板自由振动频率的影响。结果表明,不同排列方式下频率相近,体积分数在25%~75%之间时,频率变化平缓。      

考虑弯曲刚度的拉索面内固有振动的理论计算公式

为得到同时考虑弯曲刚度和垂度影响的拉索面内模态的理论公式,首先推导出在整体割线坐标系下考虑弯曲刚度和垂度效应斜索的运动方程式,然后基于扁平索假定和Irvine的拉索初始形状方程推导了扁平斜索的固有频率和振型的理论计算公式。通过与有限差分法得到的精确解的对比表明,考虑弯曲刚度的拉索面内固有振动的理论计算公式能较准确地计算出水平索和斜索的面内固有振动频率和振型。     

圆柱形压电振子的多维耦合换能器理论

利用表观弹性法讨论了有限长实心和空心压电圆柱振于的三维耦合振动理论,并给出了各振子的总导纳方程、频率方程和多维耦合下的机电转换系数等。由总导纳方程计算了频率常数随振子几何尺寸的变化曲线,所得结果与用里兹变分法得到的结果相当一致,也与实验结果相吻合。此方法可用于圆柱形压电陶瓷参数的修正以及复合压电振子和非压电振子耦合振动的计算。     

夹支扁球壳自由振动问题的准Green函数方法EI北大核心CSCD

将准Green函数方法应用于求解夹支任意形状底扁球壳的自由振动问题。即利用问题的基本解和边界方程构造一个准Green函数,这个函数满足了问题的齐次边界条件。采用Green公式将夹支任意形状底扁球壳自由振动问题的振型控制微分方程化为第二类Fredholm积分方程。通过边界方程的适当选择,克服了积分方程核的奇异性。最后通过离散化方程求得数值结果。数值算例表明:该方法具有较高的精度、计算量小、收敛速度快,是一种新型有效的数学方法。     

微振动输送中圆盘型压电振子的动力学分析

目的研究压电陶瓷振动给料器的双晶片压电振子,求出其力学表达式,为振动给料器的双压电晶片的优化设计奠定理论基础。方法以螺旋式压电振动给料器的圆盘型压电振子为例,对圆盘型压电双晶片进行动力学分析,建立振动模型及动力学方程,对激振力进行求解。结果运用Rayleigh-Ritz法推导出在简支边界条件下,双压电晶片振子的弯曲振动的共振频率以及激振力表达式,得出最大误差出现在160 V处,理论计算与实验验证数据的误差为10%左右,有限元分析与实验验证数据的误差为5%左右。结论通过实验可以看出在实际应用中,要综合考虑其电压输入与压电陶瓷层的变形程度,选择最佳的电能输入,才能使压电双晶片获得最大的激励位移。     

Analysis of a piezoelectric bimorph plate with a central-attached mass as an energy harvester

This article analyzes the performance of a piezoelectric energy harvester in the flexural mode for scavenging ambient vibration energy. The energy harvester consists of a piezoelectric bimorph plate with a central-attached mass. The linear piezoelectricity theory is applied to evaluate the performance dependence upon the physical and geometrical parameters of the model bimorph plate. The analytical solution for the flexural motion of the piezoelectric bimorph plate energy harvester shows that the output power density increases initially, reaches a maximum, then decreases monotonically with the increasing load impedance, which is normalized by a parameter that is a simple combination of the physical and geometrical parameters of the scavenging structure, the bimorph plate, and the frequency of the ambient vibration, underscoring the importance for the load circuit to have the impedance desirable by the scavenging structure. The numerical results illustrate the considerably enhanced performances by adjusting the physical and geometrical parameters of the scavenging structure.     

Vibrations and static responses of asymmetric bimorph disks of piezoelectric ceramics

In an earlier article, the flexural vibrations in bimorph disks and extensional vibrations in homogeneous disks of piezoelectric ceramics were studied. In the present paper, the coupled flexural and extensional vibrations and static responses in an asymmetric bimorph disk, which is formed by bonding together two piezoelectric ceramic disks of unequal thickness and opposite polarization, are investigated. Governing equations of coupled motions for asymmetric bimorphs are deduced from the recently derived 2-D, first-order equations for piezoelectric crystal plates with thickness-graded material properties. Then, closed form solutions of these equations for circular disks are obtained for free vibrations, piezoelectrically forced vibrations, and responses under static voltage difference. Resonance frequencies, distribution of displacements and surface charges, impedances, and static responses are calculated for asymmetric bimorph disks of various thickness ratios and diameter-to-thickness ratios. Experimental data on resonances and impedances are obtained for asymmetric bimorph disks of PZT-857 for different thickness ratios. Comparisons of predicted and measured results show that the agreements are close.     

基于自校正PID控制的智能悬臂梁振动控制

摘　要：由于智能结构的工作环境变化多端,各种性能参数会随着环境变化而变化,先前建好的模型不再适应设计好的控制律,本文应用压电双晶片的驱动传感一体化的特性,实现了智能悬臂梁的自适应控制研究。基于极点配置理论,采用了自校正PID控制方法在线实时设计了控制参数,解决了模型参数无法实时更新进而导致的控制精度低的问题。通过MATLAB的SIMULINK的数值仿真,得出了自校正PID控制方法在实现智能结构自适应振动控制中是可行的结论,并且通过搭建实验平台进行实验验证;利用压电双晶片的驱动传感特性,使智能悬臂梁的自由振动得到了有效控制。因此,基于自校正PID控制方法,采用压电双晶片对智能结构吸振减振提供了理论与实验的研究基础。     

Piezoelectric ceramic rectangular transducers in flexural vibration

Based on the equivalent elastic method and coupled vibration theory, an analytic method is presented to study the flexural vibration of rectangular transducers consisting of piezoelectric ceramic thin plates. By introducing a mechanical coupling coefficient, the flexural vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic rectangular thin plate is reduced to two simple, one-dimensional flexural vibrations of narrow piezoelectric ceramic strips. The resonance frequency equations for the piezoelectric ceramic rectangular thin-plate transducers in flexural vibration are derived under the free and simply supported boundary conditions analytically. The relationship between the resonance frequency and the flexural vibrational order, the geometrical shape, and the dimensions of the piezoelectric ceramic rectangular thin-plate transducer is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the one-dimensional vibrational theory for the flexural vibration of a narrow piezoelectric ceramic strip and the stripe-mode flexural vibrational theory for the piezoelectric ceramic rectangular thin plate can be derived directly from the theory obtained in this paper. Experimental results show that the measured resonance frequencies of the piezoelectric ceramic rectangular thin-plate transducers in flexural vibration under free-boundary conditions are in good agreement with the calculated results. The method presented in this paper can be used in the resonance frequency analysis of vibrating systems in coupled vibration.     

Design and fabrication of bimorph transducer for optimal vibration energy harvesting

High energy density piezoelectric composition corresponding to 0.9Pb(Zr0.56Ti0.44)O3–0.1Pb[(Zn0.8/3Ni0.2/3) Nb2/3]O3 + 2 mol% MnO2 (PZTZNN) and 0.8[Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48) O3]-0.2[Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3] (PZTPZN) were synthesized by conventional ceramic processing technique using three different sintering profiles. Plates of the sintered samples were used to fabricate the piezoelectric bimorphs with optimized dimensions to exhibit resonance in the loaded condition in the range of ~200 Hz. An analytical model for energy harvesting from bimorph transducer was developed which was confirmed by experimental measurements. The results of this study clearly show that power density of bimorph transducer can be enhanced by increasing the magnitude of product (d ? g), where d is the piezoelectric strain constant and g is the piezoelectric voltage constant.     

Flexural vibration behavior of piezoelectric heterogeneous bimorph beams

Bending oscillations of piezoelectric bimorph beams are effective sound sources in gases or fluids, and, therefore, of practical interest. On the basis of the piezoelectric constitutive relations and the elastodynamic equations, the differential equation of flexural vibrations of thin rectangular piezoelectric heterogeneous bimorph beams, consisting of a piezoelectric layer glued onto an elastic substrate, is derived. The piezoelectric layer is polarized in thickness direction and can be excited to thickness vibrations by an electric alternating current voltage applied to electrodes covering the upper and lower surface of the layer. This causes an oscillating transverse contraction in the piezoelectric layer but not in the substrate, and, thus, generates flexural vibrations of the beam. The differential equation is solved analytically for beams of finite length with both ends free, one clamped and one free end, as well as for both ends clamped. Their vibration behavior in viscous fluids is considered. For a piezo-ceramic composite layer joined to a steel plate vibrating in air and in water, the analytical results are evaluated numerically as function of frequency     

Benchmark analysis of piezoelectric bimorph energy harvesters composed of laminated composite beam substrates

This paper is concerned with the derivation of exact solutions for the responses of piezoelectric bimorph energy harvesters composed of laminated composite beam substrates. An electro-elastic finite element model is also developed based on the layer wise first order shear deformation theory for computing the responses of the bimorphs under general boundary and loading conditions. Both series and parallel connections of the piezoelectric layers of the bimorphs are considered. The responses computed by the finite element model excellently match with that obtained by the exact solutions. The induced electric potential in case of the bimorph in which the piezoelectric layers are connected in series is significantly larger than that in case of the bimorph with piezoelectric layers connected in parallel. If the thickness of the piezoelectric layers and the substrate remain same, the piezoelectric bimorph composed of antisymmetric angle-ply substrate beam is capable of inducing more electric potential than the bimorphs with cross-ply substrate beams. Also, if the bimorph is cantilever, it induces significantly more electric potential than when it is simply supported. Optimum thickness of the piezoelectric layers of the bimorph and unimorph harvesters has been determined. Most importantly, it is found that the bimorph with its piezoelectric layers connected in series performs significantly better than the unimorph if the mass and volume of the piezoelectric layers and the substrates remain same. The results presented here may serve as the benchmark results for verifying experimental and numerical models.

     

压电复合梁热机电耦合有限元模型

压电材料应用于航天结构形状或振动控制时,可能会受到热场、力场和电场的共同作用。为分析处于热场、力场和电场共同作用下的压电复合结构,文中基于高阶剪切变形理论、高阶电势模型和线性温度分布假设,利用虚功原理建立了压电复合梁结构的热-机-电耦合有限元模型。该模型可应用于热机电耦合压电复合结构的形状与振动控制研究。利用本文模型对压电双晶片梁、压电复合悬臂梁进行了数值仿真,仿真结果与文献给出的理论结果和实验值吻合良好,表明本文模型是正确有效的。