锑酸钾中钾含量的测定

研究锑酸钾测定方法的意义，介绍重量法对到钾中刈含量的测定方法，并对测定方法进行精密度、准确度实验。     

煤沥青喹啉不溶物及其测定方法稳定性的研究

探讨了煤沥青喹啉不溶物的性能，并通过正交试验法对其测定方法的稳定性进行了研究。实验以国际GB／T2293－1997为基础，改变真空度、甲苯用量和温度等测试条件，考察其对实验结果的影响，确定了该测定方法的最佳条件。实验表明，真空度和甲苯用量对测试结果的稳定性影响较大，真空度0．060MPa、甲苯用量80mL时，可得到较稳定的实验结果。     

高吸水性树脂吸水能力的测定方法探讨

分析了高吸水性树脂吸水能力的不同测定方法，提出了新的测定方法－－凝胶烘干法，并讨论了影响实验结果的干扰因素，使测定结果准确，简便，快速。     

尿素中缩二脲含量快速测定方法的建立

通过对尿素产品中缩二脲含量测定方法进行研究和系列实验,改进了试剂配制方法、称样方法、显色温度、显色时间等操作条件,并可使用便携式分光光度计到取样现场直接测定,优化了现有尿素中缩二脲含量测定方法.缩二脲含量测定通过精密度实验、回收率实验和对比实验,验证了新建立的测定方法快速准确可靠.     

浓缩法测定水中痕量汞

采用浓缩消解、冷原子吸收的方法，测定水中的痕量汞，通过多次实验，测定方法的准确性和精密度都较高，说明该方法可行。     

气相色谱法测定粗煤气含苯

本文主要结合气相色谱法进行气化炉粗煤气中苯含量测定的原理，通过煤气苯含量气相色谱测定实验，对于气相色谱法粗煤气含苯测定方法进行分析论述，并对该测定方法在实际中的应用情况，及其测定操作过程中的注意事项等进行总结分析。     

地表水中含沙量测定方法选择

本文叙述了黄河万家寨水库地表水中含沙量的测定方法的选择，经过一个月的大量实验，得出了适合含沙量的常规分析方法以及校正实验的方法。     

腐植酸尿素中缩二脲含量的测定

腐植酸尿素因其含有腐植酸,在参照尿素中缩二脲的测定方法测定缩二脲含量时,存在严重的干扰。利用腐植酸遇高价金属离子絮凝的特点,使用硫酸铝絮凝沉淀腐植酸,消除了腐植酸对缩二脲测定的干扰,建立了腐植酸尿素中缩二脲含量的测定方法,通过颜色校正实验、精密度实验和回收率实验,验证了该测定方法准确可靠。     

多效唑,烯效唑可湿性粉剂悬浮率测定方法的改进

通过比较分析、改进实验装置，模索测试条件等，探讨出了一种适合多效唑、烯效唑可湿性粉剂悬浮率的测定方法。实验结果表明该方法准确可靠、简便可行，很适合工厂生产等部门的在线分析测定等。     

气相色谱法测定牙膏中的薄荷醇量

采用毛细管气相色谱测定牙膏中薄荷醇的量。该方法的线性相关系数为：1：000；平均精密度为：1％；平均回收率为：100．7％。实验结果显示：该测定方法准确、稳定，能准确定量不同类型牙膏中的薄荷醇量，同时该测定方法简便，可操作性强，因此可以作为牙膏产品质量监控的方法之一，也可为牙膏新产品研发提供有效的参考依据。同时，实验结果还表明，不同类型及不同品牌牙膏中的薄荷醇量有着显著的差别。     

Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A Review

Over the last years, different nanomaterials have been investigated to design highly selective and sensitive sensors, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, which is crucial for medical sciences and the healthcare industry in order to assess physiological and metabolic parameters. The discovery of graphene (G) has unexpectedly impulsed research on developing cost-effective electrode materials owed to its unique physical and chemical properties, including high specific surface area, elevated carrier mobility, exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity, strong stiffness and strength combined with flexibility and optical transparency. G and its derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are becoming an important class of nanomaterials in the area of optical and electrochemical sensors. The presence of oxygenated functional groups makes GO nanosheets amphiphilic, facilitating chemical functionalization. G-based nanomaterials can be easily combined with different types of inorganic nanoparticles, including metals and metal oxides, quantum dots, organic polymers, and biomolecules, to yield a wide range of nanocomposites with enhanced sensitivity for sensor applications. This review provides an overview of recent research on G-based nanocomposites for the detection of bioactive compounds, providing insights on the unique advantages offered by G and its derivatives. Their synthesis process, functionalization routes, and main properties are summarized, and the main challenges are also discussed. The antioxidants selected for this review are melatonin, gallic acid, tannic acid, resveratrol, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and curcumin. They were chosen owed to their beneficial properties for human health, including antibiotic, antiviral, cardiovascular protector, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, antiageing, antidegenerative, and antiallergic capacity. The sensitivity and selectivity of G-based electrochemical and fluorescent sensors are also examined. Finally, the future outlook for the development of G-based sensors for this type of biocompounds is outlined.     

油气集输过程中含油污泥减量化

集输过程中的含油污泥具有成分复杂、含液率高、乳化胶结稳定等特性,占油田危险废物新增量的约60%,是污染防治的重点。近年来,学者们开展了大量“调质-固液分离”减量化技术降低其环境风险和处置成本,但仍存在需要针对含油污泥不同来源优选相匹配的减量化调质方法和装置的难题。为此,本文回顾了氧化、破乳、絮凝、干化/半干、超声波、微波等化学与物理调质方法,离心机、叠螺机、压滤机3种固液分离装置研究进展,通过分别对各种调质方法及装置的对比分析,重点阐述了其作用机理、优缺点、适用对象。其中化学调质方法中破乳氧化、加酸更适用于高含聚油泥;表面活性剂破乳需加热,可与超声波相结合;有机和无机絮凝剂配合可提高罐底泥中油回收效果;干化/半干化法受经济效益制约。在文献基础上,认为未来应加强生物表面活性剂、生物电化学系统、椭圆叠螺机、基于固液分离装置数值模型基础上的设计与优化软件、多学科相结合的减量化耦合技术研究。     

樟树资源化学加工利用产业发展现状

油樟和樟树化学型中的芳樟、龙脑樟是中国特色樟科树种,总面积约8万公顷,主要分布在四川宜宾、四川广安、江西赣州、广西南宁、湖南新晃等地.樟树叶油中的1,8-桉叶素、芳樟醇和天然龙脑是重要的出口产品,也是医药、香精香料和日化行业的主要原料.本文综述了樟树资源特征、分布,介绍了油樟油、芳樟油、龙脑樟油的化学组成和生物活性,樟...     

Biosorption: critical review of scientific rationale,environmental importance and significance for pollution treatment

Biosorption may be simply defined as the removal of substances from solution by biological material. Such substances can be organic and inorganic, and in gaseous, soluble or insoluble forms. Biosorption is a physico‐chemical process and includes such mechanisms as absorption, adsorption, ion exchange, surface complexation and precipitation. Biosorption is a property of both living and dead organisms (and their components) and has been heralded as a promising biotechnology for pollutant removal from solution, and/or pollutant recovery, for a number of years, because of its efficiency, simplicity, analogous operation to conventional ion exchange technology, and availability of biomass. Most biosorption studies have carried out on microbial systems, chiefly bacteria, microalgae and fungi, and with toxic metals and radionuclides, including actinides like uranium and thorium. However, practically all biological material has an affinity for metal species and a considerable amount of other research exists with macroalgae (seaweeds) as well as plant and animal biomass, waste organic sludges, and many other wastes or derived bio‐products. While most biosorption research concerns metals and related substances, including radionuclides, the term is now applied to particulates and all manner of organic substances as well. However, despite continuing dramatic increases in published research on biosorption, there has been little or no exploitation in an industrial context. This article critically reviews aspects of biosorption research regarding the benefits, disadvantages, and future potential of biosorption as an industrial process, the rationale, scope and scientific value of biosorption research, and the significance of biosorption in other waste treatment processes and in the environment. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

A review of liquid silicone rubber injection molding: Process variables and process modeling

Liquid silicone rubber (LSR) is an elastomer molded into critical performance components for applications in medical, power, consumer, automotive, and aerospace applications. This article reviews process behavior, material modeling, and simulation of the (LSR) injection molding process. Each phase of the LSR injection molding process is discussed, including resin handling, plastication, injection, pack and hold, and curing; and factors affecting the molding process are reviewed. Processing behavior of LSR is marked by transient interactions between curing, shear rate, temperature, pressure, and tooling. Therefore, current LSR models for curing, viscosity, pressure, and temperature are discussed. Process dynamics and material modeling are combined in LSR injection molding simulations with applications in mold design, troubleshooting process-induced defects, and management of shear stress and non-uniform temperatures between LSR and substrates during overmolding. Finally, case studies using commercial simulation software are presented, which have shown cavity pressure and flow front advancement within 3% of experimental values. Optimization of LSR materials, data collection, model fitting, venting, and bonding remain areas of continued interest.     

Oxidative stability of blends and interesterified blends of soybean oil and palm olein

Improvement of oxidative stability of soybean oil by blending with a more stable oil was investigated. Autoxidation of blends and interesterified blends (9∶1, 8∶2, 7∶3 and 1∶1, w/w) of soybean oil and palm olein was studied with respect to fatty acid composition, fatty acid location and triacylglycerol composition. Rates of formation of triacylglycerol hydroproxides, peroxide value and volatiles were evaluated. The fatty acid composition of soybean oil was changed by blending. Linolenic and linoleic acids decreased and oleic acid increased. The triacylglycerol composition of blends and interesterified blends was different from that of soybean oil. Relative to soybean oil, LnLL, LLL, LLO, LLP, LOO and LLS triacylglycerols were lowered and POO, POP and PLP were higher in blends and interesterified blends (where Ln, L, O, P and S represent linolenic, linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids, respectively). Interesterification of the blends leads to a decrease in POO and POP and an increase in LOP. Linoleic acid concentration at triacylglycerol carbon-2 was decreased by blending and interesterification. Rates of change for peroxide value and oxidation product formation confirmed the improvement of soybean oil stability by blending and interesterification. But, blends were more stable than interesterified blends. Also, the formation of hexanal, the major volatile of linoleate hydroperoxides of soybean oil, was decreased by blending and interesterification.     

聚焦结构、界面与多尺度问题,开辟化学工程的新里程

20世纪90年代以来,随着计算机技术和测量仪器的迅速发展,化学工程的研究水平日益提升,由经验规则的判断逐渐提高到计算机模拟量化分析. 化学工程的研究范围也日益扩大,下至纳微尺度结构与界面的观察与量化,上至宏观尺度设备与工厂的系统集成. 化学工程的服务对象也由化学工业扩展到冶金、材料、能源、环境、生物等诸多进行物质转化的过程工业. 目前化工科技界正在呼吁寻求继第一里程单元操作、第二里程传递过程和化学反应工程之后的第三里程. 化学工程中以往惯用的忽视非均匀多尺度结构和界面存在的平均方法是造成预测偏差和调控、放大困难的主要原因. 必须关注结构、界面和多尺度问题,研究多尺度结构、界面的量化预测理论和优化调控方法,建立多尺度结构、界面与"三传一反"的关系模型,与当代先进的计算方法、计算流体力学和计算机模拟相结合,有望解决化工过程与设备的优化调控与放大的难题,成为化学工程发展的新里程.     

重组胶原蛋白的绿色生物制造及其应用

胶原蛋白存在于各个组织器官,与动物胶原蛋白相比,重组胶原蛋白组分单一、安全性高、生产过程可控。本篇综述简述了重组胶原蛋白不同表达体系的构建,包括动植物以及微生物表达体系,比较了不同体系的优缺点。着重介绍了微生物体系中影响产物表达的不同发酵参数的调控,产物的分离纯化工艺以及重组胶原蛋白在医学领域的应用。提出微生物发酵体系较动植物体系成本低,操作简单,易于扩大生产;温度、pH、溶解氧、葡萄糖、乙酸浓度等影响大肠杆菌发酵中的蛋白表达量;酵母发酵中,甲醇添加量、温度、pH和溶解氧是主要影响参数;微生物发酵体系均需通过不同的粗纯及精纯技术获得纯度较高的产物。同时,重组胶原蛋白在生物医学领域发挥着重要作用。     

中国涂料行业发展的主要制约因素及其对策

我国涂料工业已基本形成了建筑涂料、工业涂料、特种功能涂料等种类齐全的格局，满足了国民经济各个行业的发展需求。2004年产量已达298．15万t，比2003年增长了23．40％，居世界第二位，奠定了中国涂料生产大国的地位。但中国涂料行业还存在着企业规模不大、专业化不强、技术创新能力弱、品牌经营意识差、专业人才缺乏等不利因素。涂料企业要建莎现代企业制度，涂料行业必须走规模化、集群化、特色产业基地化的道路，坚持技术创新，重视品牌经营，建立和完善各种机制，充分发挥和挖掘人才的潜能。我国的涂料行业才具有竞争能力，才能实现涂料行业的可持续发展。     

生物质热解制备高品质生物油研究进展

生物质热解制备生物油是能源富集的有效途径,是实现碳闭路循环的重要方式,作为一种环境友好型技术受到广泛关注和研究。然而,生物质热解反应过程复杂,生成的生物油热值低、含氧量高及强酸性等特点,制约了生物油的分离提纯、制备合成气以及燃烧等方面的应用,生物油品质的提升迫在眉睫。本文从生物质三组分、原料预处理、反应参数、催化剂、反应器等方面综述了影响生物油品质的主要因素,分析了生物油的特点,不同预处理下生物质特性的变化与生物油的关系,催化剂参与的热解行为对提升生物油品质的导向作用以及常用生物质热解反应器的特点,并对影响生物油品质的主要因素进行了总结。最后,针对影响制备高品质生物油的诸多因素提出建议,以期为制备高品质生物油提供参考和借鉴。