基于FOA-MKSVM的滚动轴承故障分类方法

由于滚动轴承实际各状态数据一般具有不均衡的特点,所以分类时采用单一核函数存在一定的局限性。针对此问题以及支持向量机多参数选择的盲目性,建立一种基于果蝇优化算法的多核支持向量机模型。该模型可以通过核函数权值来调节全局核函数和局部核函数在该模型中的作用,兼具了良好的学习能力和泛化能力。同时,将多核支持向量机参数与果蝇算法中食物的味道浓度值建立一定关系,通过模仿果蝇觅食行为,对各参数进行优化选择。为了验证所提方法的有效性,先利用UCI标准数据集进行实验,再将其应用到滚动轴承故障分类中,并对单核核函数与多核核函数及参数优化算法进行比较。结果表明,提出的方法具有初始化参数少、参数设置简单、全局搜索能力强和分类准确率高的优点,可有效地应用到滚动轴承故障分类中。     

基于相关向量EMD和GMDH重构的故障率预测方法

针对故障率数据的非线性非平稳特性及现有预测方法精度不足的问题,提出了一种基于相关向量经验模态分解(relevance vector empirical mode decomposition,简称RVEMD)和数据处理组合法(grouped method of data handling,简称GMDH)重构的预测方法。首先,通过RVEMD分离故障率时间序列的波动项和趋势项,分解产生序列的固有模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)和残余函数(residual function,简称RF),通过相关向量机(relevance vector machine,简称RVM)预测端点局部极值的方法抑制传统经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)存在的端点效应,进一步利用RVM回归生成序列的上下包络,替代了常规三次样条插值法;其次,建立各IMF分量的RVM预测模型和RF分量的灰色预测模型,其中对标准RVM回归模型进行了改进,通过构建一种方差高斯核函数(variance Gauss kernel function,简称VGKF)来提高核函数的全局性能和泛化能力,利用H-Q准则对训练空间预测嵌入维数进行优化,避免了主观选取的盲目性,同时构建了一种基于背景值优化的灰色预测模型;最后,通过GMDH算法产生的最优智能组合模型得到最终的预测结果。仿真实例结果表明,相比常规EMD分解后叠加预测法和其他单一模型预测法,该方法具有更加优异的预测性能,能够对故障率的变化趋势进行准确预测。     

基于随机森林和量子粒子群优化的SVM算法

特征属性过多及内部参数的优选是影响支持向量机(SVM)模型泛化能力的重要因素，针对以上两个问题，为了提高SVM模型的泛化能力和分类精度，将随机森林(RF)算法和量子粒子群优化(QPSO)算法结合优化SVM模型的核函数参数和惩罚因子。首先利用RF算法计算出每个特征的重要性，通过特征选择筛选出重要性高的特征作为特征子集；再利用QPSO算法的全局搜索能力寻找出SVM模型的最优核函数参数和惩罚因子，最后将最优参数应用于SVM模型中进行分类预测。实验仿真结果表明，与其他机器学习算法相比，所提模型具有较高的训练精度和预测精度，也证实了该模型具有较好的鲁棒性和泛化性能。     

基于深度分解的非平稳非高斯过程多步预测

首先,综合运用小波包分解(wavelet packet decomposition,简称WPD)、样本熵、单位根检验法和变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,简称VMD),提出利用混合深度分解(hybrid deep decomposition,简称HDD)对非平稳非高斯过程进行处理,降低实测风速风压复杂性,提升其可预测性;其次,根据Mercer定理构造了Morlet+Hermite(MH)线性组合核函数,使其具有局部多分辨性和全局泛化性的优点,采用粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization,简称PSO)对MH核进行参数优化,结合最小二乘支持向量机(least square support vector machine,简称LSSVM)建立HDD-MH-LSSVM多步预测模型;然后,将该模型与常用核函数构成的HDD-Poly-LSSVM,HDD-径向基函数(radial basis function,简称RBF)-LSSVM多步预测模型以及极限学习机(extreme learning machine,简称ELM)多步预测模型形成对比;最后,采用下击暴流风速和台风天大跨膜结构表面实测风压进行大步数多步预测验证。结果表明,HDD-MH-LSSVM预测算法预测精度高、稳定性好、通用性强。     

近邻密度辅助模糊优化孪生支持向量机的钢板表面缺陷分类

为提升钢板表面缺陷分类精度,提出一种选择性弱化样本的分类模型。首先,在图像预处理阶段引入显著性检测算法来减少二值化后图像出现失真的影响;其次,为了降低不利的边缘样本点对模型的影响,同时又能提高有利的边缘样本点对模型的贡献,构造了一种新的密度模糊隶属度函数对样本进行权重赋值;最后,在孪生支持向量机(TWSVM)的基础上,将构造的密度模糊隶属度函数作为优化条件嵌入模型内,提出了近邻密度辅助模糊优化的TWSVM算法,以提高分类效果。在数据集NEU上的实验结果表明,引入显著性检测算法后,重新设计的特征在整体准确率上提高了1.66%,同时采用优化后的算法进行缺陷分类,准确率达到98.33%,进一步提高了分类性能。     

基于LFOA优化多核支持向量机的液压泵故障诊断

针对采用传统支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)进行故障诊断时核函数的构造和参数的选取存在盲目性的问题,提出一种基于改进果蝇优化算法优化多核SVM的液压泵故障诊断方法。首先,对液压泵振动信号进行局部特征尺度分解(Local Characteristic-scale Decomposition,LCD),从多个角度提取混合特征组成特征集。然后,基于全局核函数和局部核函数构建多核支持向量机,并利用具有Levy飞行特征的果蝇优化算法(LFOA)对核函数权值和参数的选取进行优化。最后,将特征集输入多核SVM进行识别。液压泵故障诊断结果表明,与采用FOA、GA和PSO优化算法及单核SVM相比,所提方法具备全局寻优能力强和诊断准确率高的优点,可有效应用于液压泵故障诊断。     

基于混沌优化的多层前馈神经网络

BP算法是应用广泛的一种多层前馈神经网络模型,针对算法求解精度低、搜索速度慢、易于陷入局部极值点等问题,根据混沌理论的全局优化思想,提出采用"多次载波"技术将混沌优化和前馈神经网络相结合,利用已找到的近似最优解来启发搜索全局最优解的方法训练神经网络,以布尔函数识别、曲线逼近、模式识别3个典型应用对算法进行验证。研究结果表明,算法具有较好的泛化能力和快速全局收敛的性能,特别是针对中小规模的网络,混沌优化算法在训练时间、全局收敛率等指标方面优于BP算法。     

多尺度变异粒子群优化MK-LSSVM的轴承寿命预测

提出一种基于多尺度变异粒子群优化(MSPSO)算法和多核最小二乘支持向量机(MK-LSSVM)的预测新方法用于滚动轴承寿命预测。提取小波包相对能量特征对轴承性能衰退予以描述,提出MSPSO算法对MK-LSSVM模型参数进行优化选取,构造融合多核函数的LSSVM模型实现轴承寿命估计。MK-LSSVM中多核函数的引入克服了单核LSSVM对核函数类型强依赖性的弱点,MSPSO算法中种群全局大尺度均匀变异与个体局部邻域小尺度变异搜索联合策略的提出在增强种群多样性的同时保证了粒子群局部精确搜索的能力。利用实测滚动轴承振动数据分析,验证了所提MSPSO算法在模型参数优化及优化MKLSSVM模型在滚动轴承寿命预测应用中的有效性。     

基于特征融合和GWO-SVM的铸铁金相组织分类技术研究

针对人工金相组织定量分析效率低、主观影响较大的问题，提出基于灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)和局部二值模式(LBP)融合的铸铁金相组织分类方法。分别提取铸铁金相图片GLCM和LBP特征，并使用主成分分析(PCA)将LBP特征降维，组成特征向量；通过不同核函数的对比，选择高斯核函数(RBF)作为支持向量机(SVM)的核函数；为了提高模型的效率，采用灰狼优化算法(GWO)对核函数进行优化。结果表明，GLCM和LBP融合后的分类效果要优于单一的GLCM和LBP；基于GWO优化后的SVM分类效果也要优于RF和ELM，分类准确率可以达到98.67%。     

改进ABC-SVM的参数优化及应用

支持向量机算法(SVM)的回归预测性能在很大程度上取决于模型参数的选择,提出一种基于改进人工蜂群算法的SVM参数优化方法并将其应用于铆接件铆接力的回归预测。针对ABC算法存在难以有效确定参数搜索范围的问题,基于支持向量机的渐近性能确定了ABC算法搜索SVM参数的"好区",再引入线性核函数进一步缩小搜索范围,有效地帮助了ABC算法更快搜索到全局最优参数。在此基础上建立改进的人工蜂群支持向量机(I-ABC-SVM)模型,将其应用于铆接力的回归预测。最后,采用仿真对比实验测试模型性能。仿真实验结果表明,相对于参比模型,I-ABC-SVM不仅表现出很强的泛化能力和较快地搜索速度,而且能够很好地解决SVM参数优化和ABC算法初始化参数设置的难题,同时保证了很好的预测性能。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.