手性柱色谱法测定酸奶及乳酸饮料中的L-乳酸及D-乳酸

采用手性柱高效液相色谱法测定部分市售酸奶和乳酸饮料中L-乳酸和D-乳酸的质量浓度.结果表明,酸奶中L-乳酸质量浓度为25～100.00 g/L之间.D-乳酸质量浓度为0.00～2.00 g/L之间,绝大多数的酸奶中L一乳酸的质量分数超过98.00%,D-乳酸质量浓度较低;乳酸饮料中L-乳酸质量浓度在10.00～30.00g/L之间,D-乳酸质量浓度为1.00-3.00 g/L之间.     

酒精浓醪发酵联产乳酸化饲料新工艺

以玉米为原料,耐高温耐高酒精度的活性干酵母为发酵剂进行浓醪酒精发酵实验,对糖化发酵工艺过程中酒精度、总糖、还原糖、酸度以及CO2失重等指标的过程变化进行了研究.并利用一株嗜酸乳酸杆菌,以酒糟为基质进行酒糟混合料的乳酸发酵实验.结果表明玉米原料经酒精浓醪发酵60 h后,玉米发酵醪中酒精体积分数达12.8%,残总糖质量分数为3.46%,残还原糖质量分数为0.19%,淀粉利用率89.88%以上.酒糟混合料接种乳酸菌,33 ℃条件下发酵15 d,发酵后酒糟混合料水分质量分数为53%,粗蛋白质量分数18.62%,粗脂肪质量分数3.32%,粗纤维质量分数3.95%,17种氨基酸质量分数达18.3%;乳酸质量分数1.93%,每克酒糟发酵料含乳酸菌菌数为4.2×107个,达到所设计乳酸菌菌数的要求.     

米糠乳酸饮料

本发明以米糠为主要原料的新型乳酸饮料的制造法。米糠和水的混合物经用酶液化、糖化、取其液化、糖化上清液经杀菌、乳酸发酵而制得的乳酸饮料,其矿物质和维生素的营养值可与以牛乳和果汁等为原料的乳酸饮料匹敌。 本发明可以单独用赤糖或中白糠或者赤糠和中白糠的混合物作为原料,混合比例不     

大米饮料种种

大米饮料种种赵荒１．大米乳酸饮料大米乳酸饮料，有乳酪风味，略有酸味，乳酸酸度为０．３％到１．３％，含乳酸菌数为１０６～１０８／ｍｌ。乳酸饮料中含有醋酸等有机酸、微量乙醇、酯及淀粉经过淀粉酶或曲糖化产生的糖分，甜味独特，风味醇厚。制法如下：将米饭（含水...     

大米饮料种种

1 大米乳酸饮料 大米乳酸饮料,有乳酪风味,略有酸味,乳酸酸度为0.3％到1.3％,含乳酸菌数为10~6～10~8/ml。乳酸饮料中含有醋酸等有机酸、微量乙醇、酯及淀粉经过淀粉酶或曲糖化产生的糖分,甜味独特,风味浑厚。制法如下:     

黑糯米乳酸饮料研制

本文叙述对黑糯米经酶法液化和糖化制备的黑糯米汁的乳酸发酵工艺进行了研究。乳酸菌可发酵黑糯米汁制备乳酸饮料。     

酒糟水为基质的固定化乳酸发酵

酒糟水用作发酵原料进行固定化乳酸发酵,乳酸菌于2.0%～2.5%的海藻酸钠溶液制作球形固定化细胞载体.用未经糖化过的酒糟水发酵产生乳酸为2.0%;用经过糖化处理的酒糟水为原料发酵产生乳酸,终浓度达6.8%.     

几种大米饮料及其制法

几种大米饮料及其制法赵荒（沈阳市辽中化工总厂）１大米乳酸饮料１．１大米乳酸饮料，有乳酪风味，略酸，乳酸酸度为０．３％～１．３％，含乳酸菌１０６～１０８个／ｍｌ。乳酸饮料中含有醋酸等有机酸，微量乙醇、酯及淀粉经淀粉酶或曲糖化产生的糖分，甜味独特，风味浑...     

番茄乳酸饮料的工艺研究

本文以新疆产的番茄酱为原料,以保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌进行乳酸发酵,研制番茄乳酸饮料的工艺条件.番茄乳酸饮料的最佳工艺参数:加9倍水将番茄酱稀释为番茄汁(pH 6.5),接入活化后乳酸菌6%(保加利亚杆菌):m(嗜热链球菌)=1],42℃下发酵35h后发酵液加入辅料进行调配.最佳辅料配比为白砂糖4%、蜂蜜4%、柠檬酸0.06%、苹果酸0.015%.     

大米乳酸饮料的研制

以普通大米为原料,经过液化和糖化后,采用嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆和植物乳杆菌混合发酵剂进行乳酸发酵,采用正交试验设计优化方法,获得较为适宜的发酵工艺参数,制成一种具有明显的乳酸风味、色泽为乳白色、营养丰富的大米乳酸饮料。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.