银纳米颗粒负载TiO2复合薄膜的光催化活性及其光电流性质

制备了3种不同粒径的Ag纳米颗粒，将它们分别掺入二氧化钛溶胶，制备成复合二氧化钛薄膜，利用TEM测定了Ag粒子的大小，测量TiO2复合膜的光电流，以亚甲基蓝降解反应评价了Ag／TiO2薄膜的光催化活性，结果表明，负载不同粒径Ag纳米粒子后，TiO2薄膜的光电流和光催化活性均得到一定程度的提高。当负载平均粒径6.9nm的Ag粒子后，薄膜具有最高的光电流和最强的光催化活性。     

电泳法制备二氧化钛/多壁碳纳米管薄膜及其光催化降解罗丹明B的性能

用电泳沉积法在铟锡氧化物(ITO)导电玻璃上制备了TiO2/多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)纳米复合薄膜。对薄膜的表面形貌、晶相结构和光谱特性进行表征。以罗丹明B为模拟污染物对薄膜的光催化活性进行测定,讨论了罗丹明B溶液的pH值、通入气体以及不同辐射光波对薄膜光催化性能的影响。结果表明:制备的TiO2/MWCNTs薄膜是粒子结合紧密、粒径和孔径分布均匀的介孔纳米复合薄膜。该薄膜具有较高的光催化活性,以卤钨灯光照120min,对罗丹明B的降解率达到92.4%,是TiO2薄膜的1.2倍。复合薄膜光催化活性的提高,主要归因于膜层中形成TiO2/MWCNTs异质结和良好的碳纳米管电子通道,以及薄膜对O2和激发电子还原反应的催化作用。     

水热法制备TiO2光催化剂及降解罗丹明B的活性

本文以Ti(SO4)2为原料，用水热沉淀法制备纳米TiO2光催化剂，用XRD、TEM、BET、DRS对水热法和Sol-gel法制备的TiO2粒子进行表征，以光催化降解水溶液中罗丹明B为模型反应，对水热法制备的TiO2光催化剂活性进行评价，结果表明，水热法制备的TiO2粒子粒径小(d101=7．5nm)，比表面积大(SBET=102．8m^2／g)吸光能力强，光催化活性高。     

基于细乳液聚合法TiO2/PMMA纳米复合粒子的制备及其性能

采用细乳液聚合法制备了二氧化钛/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（TiO2/PMMA）纳米复合粒子,考察了引发剂、助乳化剂、乳化剂、单体结构和种类对TiO2/PMMA纳米复合粒子性能的影响。结果表明与十二醇和十六醇相比,十六烷（HD）更能抑制甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）液滴的Ostwald熟化效应,当MMA占TiO2质量分数的60%,HD对单体质量分数的6%,可聚合乳化剂1-烯丙氧基-3-(4-壬基苯酚)-2-丙醇聚氧乙烯(10)醚硫酸铵（DNS-86）占整个体系的质量分数为2%时,制备TiO2/PMMA纳米复合粒子分散体的粒径为185nm,此时TiO2/PMMA纳米复合粒子与细乳液粒径差距较小;采用TiO2/PMMA纳米复合粒子制备白色涂料墨水的稳定性和遮盖力明显优于同等条件下TiO2所制备的涂料墨水。     

细乳液聚合法TiO_2/PMMA纳米复合粒子的制备及其性能

采用细乳液聚合法制备了二氧化钛/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(TiO2/PMMA)纳米复合粒子,研究了引发剂、助乳化剂、乳化剂、单体结构对TiO2/PMMA纳米复合粒子性能的影响。结果表明,十六烷(HD)比十二醇和十六醇更能有效抑制甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)液滴在水相中的Ostwald熟化效应,当MMA占TiO2质量的60%,HD占单体质量的6%,可聚合乳化剂1-烯丙氧基-3-(4-壬基苯酚)-2-丙醇聚氧乙烯(10)醚硫酸铵(DNS-86)占整个体系质量的2%时,制备TiO2/PMMA纳米复合粒子分散体的粒径为185 nm,此时TiO2/PMMA纳米复合粒子与细乳液粒径差距较小;采用TiO2/PMMA纳米复合粒子制备喷墨印花用白色涂料墨水的稳定性和遮盖力明显优于同等条件下TiO2所制备的涂料墨水。     

纳米自洁涂料的制备及其对茜素红的降解研究

以钛酸四丁酯、正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,冰醋酸为水解抑制剂,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2/SiO2复合粒子。将复合粒子按一定比例添加到醇酸清漆中,制备出自清洁涂层。光催化研究表明:SiO2负载可明显提高涂层光催化活性,添加了2%(质量分数,下同)TiO2/SiO2粒子的涂层对茜素红的降解性能最好。利用气质联用仪对降解产物进行了分析。     

铁和镧共掺杂二氧化钛的光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯的和铁镧共掺杂的TiO2纳米粒子,对样品进行了X射线和紫外-可见吸收光谱分析。结果表明,500℃煅烧的未掺杂和共掺杂TiO2均呈锐钛矿结构,铁镧共掺杂抑制了TiO2粒径的长大,使TiO2的吸收带边红移且在可见光区的光吸收增强;光催化降解甲基橙表明,未掺杂的TiO2光催化活性高于P25,而适量铁镧共掺杂TiO2光催化活性进一步得到提高,最佳掺杂比是0.05%的Fe和0.5%的La。     

Ce掺杂TiO_2纳米粒子的制备及其光催化活性研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯的和掺杂铈的TiO2纳米粒子,并利用XRD和UV-VIS对其进行表征,且在紫外光下,以甲基橙的光催化降解为模型反应,考察了TiO2纳米粒子的光催化活性和不同Ce掺杂量对光催化活性的影响。结果表明,Ce的掺杂抑制了锐钛矿晶粒的生长,并使TiO2纳米粒子的光谱响应范围拓展到可见光区,掺杂Ce的摩尔分数为0.05%时,TiO2纳米粒子具有最佳的光催化活性。     

微乳液法制备核壳型磁性Eu^3＋-Fe3O4/TiO2纳米复合粒子

用反相微乳液法制备了TiO2纳米粒子、Eu3 掺杂的TiO2纳米粒子及以Fe3o4为核以TiO2为包覆层的核壳型磁性复合纳米粒子,用电镜和X射线衍射研究了样品的形貌和晶体结构,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了不同催化剂的光催化活性.结果表明,Eu3 的掺杂可以提高TiO2光催化剂的活性,核壳型磁性Eu3 -F3O4/TiO2纳米复合粒子能够回收重复利用,保持催化活性.     

Fe,N共掺杂TiO_2/SiO_2复合材料的制备及光催化性能

采用溶胶—凝胶法制备了掺杂不同量Fe,N的TiO2/SiO2复合纳米粒子。通过红外光谱、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜等对制备的样品的结构和形貌进行表征。以甲基橙水溶液的光催化降解为模拟反应,在紫外光照射下评价了样品的光催化活性。结果表明:Fe,N共掺杂TiO2/SiO2为核壳结构,SiO2核与TiO2壳间形成了Ti—O—Si键。由于金属Fe3+离子抑制光生载流子的复合,非金属N降低了TiO2/SiO2的带隙能,Fe,N共掺杂的协同作用使复合TiO2/SiO2具有更好的光催化性能。共掺杂0.05%Fe及0.05%N的TiO2/SiO2复合光催化粒子的催化活性最高,光照1h后对甲基橙的降解率提高到52%。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.