基于pyrF的乳酸乳球菌食品级表达载体的构建

基于pyrF筛选标记和来源于乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis,L. lactis)的基因组DNA为表达元件,构建L. lactis食品级表达载体,用于食品和药用多肽的表达和生产。首先,利用NZ3900 pyrF基因列构建同源重组突变盒,构建NZ3900ΔpyrF突变株;然后,分别以来源于L. lactis的repA和repC基因为复制元件、pyrF基因为筛选标记、P₃₂和P₈为启动子、以及Tusp₄₅和TpepN为终止子,构建食品级表达质粒pLD;最后以绿色荧光蛋白ZsGreen为报告基因,验证ZsGreen在NZ3900ΔpyrF突变株的表达及pLD-ZsG的遗传稳定性。实验结果表明,原养型ZsGreen阳性转化子可在普通Elliker培养基中正常生长,在荧光显微镜下观察到明显的绿色荧光信号;此外,PCR和Western blotting也证实ZsGreen能在NZ3900中表达且能稳定传代至30代,说明pLD食品级表达载体构建成功且使得外源蛋白在L. lactis中稳定表达。综上所述,基于pyrF营养...     

杂合抗菌肽MgJ基因在毕赤酵母中表达条件的优化

为确定杂合抗菌肽MgJ基因的最佳诱导表达条件,将构建好的重组表达载体pPICZαA-MgJ经SacⅠ线性化处理,电转入巴斯德毕赤酵母GS115,利用抗生素Zeocin筛选阳性克隆,聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chainreaction,PCR）扩增验证,甲醇诱导表达。优化杂合抗菌肽MgJ诱导剂浓度、诱导时间、诱导温度、初始菌体浓度表达条件。结果表明杂合抗菌肽MgJ的最佳表达条件为：28 ℃、250 r/min诱导培养,每24 h添加体积分数0.5%的甲醇,诱导时间120 h,MgJ表达量可达11.9 mg/L。纯化后获得的表达产物MgJ对S. aureus ATCC 29213有较好的抑菌活性,最小抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC）为10 μg/mL。     

基于CRISPR/Cas9系统对乳酸乳球菌进行绿色荧光蛋白标记

乳酸乳球菌是治疗剂在体内运送的良好载体,研究其在体内的真实运送情况需对其进行标记。该实验利用CRISPR/Cas9系统对乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)NZ9000进行增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein, eGFP)标记,用于研究乳酸乳球菌在体内的运送,评价其作为益生菌的功能。基于该实验室已构建的乳酸乳球菌CRISPR/Cas9编辑质粒pLL25构建重组质粒pYSH,其上携带eGFP及同源臂,电转入乳酸乳球菌NZ9000感受态细胞中,将基因组中的乳酸脱氢酶基因(ldh)替换为绿色荧光蛋白基因,从而使Lactococcus lactis NZ9000获得标记,表达绿色荧光蛋白。对绿色荧光标记的Lactococcus lactis NZ9000突变株,酶标仪定量分析eGFP的表达强度。荧光强度定量分析结果表明,在乳酸乳球菌不同生长阶段,eGFP基因均能稳定表达。     

基于CRISPR/Cas9系统对乳酸乳球菌进行绿色荧光蛋白标记

乳酸乳球菌是治疗剂在体内运送的良好载体,研究其在体内的真实运送情况需对其进行标记。该实验利用CRISPR/Cas9系统对乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)NZ9000进行增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein, eGFP)标记,用于研究乳酸乳球菌在体内的运送,评价其作为益生菌的功能。基于该实验室已构建的乳酸乳球菌CRISPR/Cas9编辑质粒pLL25构建重组质粒pYSH,其上携带eGFP及同源臂,电转入乳酸乳球菌NZ9000感受态细胞中,将基因组中的乳酸脱氢酶基因(ldh)替换为绿色荧光蛋白基因,从而使Lactococcus lactis NZ9000获得标记,表达绿色荧光蛋白。对绿色荧光标记的Lactococcus lactis NZ9000突变株,酶标仪定量分析eGFP的表达强度。荧光强度定量分析结果表明,在乳酸乳球菌不同生长阶段,eGFP基因均能稳定表达。     

抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的乳酸菌抗菌肽基因筛选及表达鉴定

以具有抑菌效果的L2、L16、L19等7株乳酸菌为模板,通过PCR扩增验证部分菌株中含有PlnF、PlnE、PlnN、PlnJ、PlnK等抗菌肽基因,以pET28a为载体并在抗菌肽基因两端引入Nco I和Xho I酶切位点,经双酶切和T4连接酶反应构建pET28a-抗菌肽重组质粒,转化E.coli BL21(DE3),培养至OD_(600)=0.6时,加入0.5mmol/L的IPTG诱导6h,菌体在400 W、超声4s、间歇5s条件下破碎后以8mol/L尿素进行变性处理和Ni柱纯化透析复性后的蛋白与相对应未纯化的蛋白相比,仅PlnF纯化蛋白对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑菌效果[抑菌圈直径为(13.43±0.21)mm],而其他蛋白几乎无抑菌活性。进一步通过Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳和nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS验证,目的蛋白与PlnF抗菌肽具有97.6%的同源性。     

细菌几丁质酶基因转化烟草的研究

为了提高烤烟品种K 32 6对真菌病害的抗性 ,以烟草再生植株的叶片为受体 ,采用农杆菌介导法将细菌几丁质酶基因导入烟草 ,获得了抗卡那霉素的转化植株 ,经PCR检测 ,初步证明了细菌几丁质酶基因已整合到烟草的基因组中 ;同时研究了再生烟草叶片的耐卡那霉素水平、受体预培养对转化的影响以及促进转化植株的生根等。结果表明 :培养基中卡那霉素浓度为 5 0mg/L时 ,能完全抑制烟草叶片的再生 ;烟草叶片预培养 2d的转化率提高 ;添加 0 .2mg/LIAA(吲哚乙酸 )能显著地提高转化植株芽梢的生根率。     

植物甜蛋白monellin基因工程菌表达条件的研究

将带有monellin基因的重组分泌型表达载体pETMO转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),得到重组工程菌株BMC33。经IPTG诱导,其所含有的甜蛋白基因可高效表达。研究不同的表达条件对甜蛋白表达水平的影响,得到优化发酵条件:装液量为50 mL/250 mL三角瓶,当培养液OD值达0.8时,添加诱导剂IPTG至终浓为0.9mmol/L,32℃诱导5 h。此时,甜蛋白monellin表达量可高达细菌可溶性蛋白的44.8%。     

鲎素Tachyplesin Ⅰ在大肠杆菌中的重组表达及其抑菌活性

为了高效制备抗菌肽,本文将鲎素抗菌肽目的基因Tachyplesin-1(TP1)在大肠杆菌BL21中进行表达。首先构建表达质粒pET32a-TP1并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下进行目的融合蛋白表达,并利用His标签与镍柱亲和层析对融合蛋白进行纯化。纯化后的融合蛋白经羟胺裂解液切割和质谱分析后,获得单一的TP1重组蛋白,最后对其抑菌活性进行表征。结果表明,重组菌在37℃经IPTG诱导后,融合蛋白表达成功,TrxA-TP1融合蛋白的分子量在20 kDa左右。经羟胺裂解得到的重组蛋白TP1对于金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)与枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)均具有良好抑菌活性,最小抑菌浓度分别为6和10 mg/L。本研究为鲎素抗菌肽TP1的开发应用和大量生产奠定了基础。     

绿色木霉纤维二糖水解酶基因cbhⅡ的克隆及其在粟酒裂殖酵母中的表达

采用粟酒裂殖酵母诱导表达系统进行绿色木霉纤维二糖水解酶基因cbhⅡ的表达研究。通过PCR方法从绿色木霉基因组DNA中克隆到长度为1611bp并含有信号肽序列的cbhⅡ基因;将其插入到粟酒裂殖酵母诱导型表达载体pESP-2的Pnmt1启动子下游,得到重组质粒pESP-2-cbhⅡ;利用电转化方法将其转入粟酒裂殖酵母SP-Q01细胞中,通过对酵母转化子质粒DNA的PCR和双酶切鉴定,得到了含有cbhⅡ基因的酵母转化子,对转化子进行诱导培养后提取酵母总蛋白,进行SDS-PAGE电泳检测,得到一条约为81kD的目的蛋白条带;利用DNS法对酵母转化子上清液中的纤维二糖水解酶活性进行测定,结果表明,酶活力最大值为165U/mL。以上结果证明:cbhⅡ基因在Pnmt1启动子控制下在粟酒裂殖酵母中成功地获得表达,并且cbhⅡ自身的信号肽可以被粟酒裂殖酵母正确的识别,并将表达产物分泌至胞外。     

用于文库筛选的植物瞬时表达载体的构建

利用绿色荧光蛋白基因可以指示目的基因表达,因此本实验构建了含有稀有酶切位点的植物瞬时表达载体,并且目的基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因有各自独立的表达框架。目前在大果型的离体番茄果实上尚未有进行EGFP 的瞬时表达研究,本实验利用农杆菌介导的瞬时表达技术在烟草叶片和大果型离体番茄果实上瞬时表达了绿色荧光蛋白,验证了载体进行瞬时表达的可行性。     

Autonomously replicating plasmid transforms Sorangium cellulosum So ce90 and induces expression of green fluorescent protein

A recombinant plasmid, pRP-GFP, harboring the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene from the broad-host-range mobilizable plasmid pRK415 of the RK2 family was constructed and transferred by conjugation from Escherichia coli S17-1 to Sorangium cellulosum So ce90. The results of Southern blot analysis showed that the plasmid replicated autonomously without being integrated into the chromosome of the bacterium. In pRP-GFP, gfp was driven by a So ce90 DNA fragment called EpoPro, which is an 890-bp DNA segment spanning from -890 to -1 relative to the start codon (GTG) of epoA, a gene that encodes EPOS A, which is presumed to be involved in the initiation of epothilone biosynthesis. The GFP in the transformed S. cellulosum So ce90 was detected by fluorescence microscopy, which suggests that the EpoPro fragment had the function of promoter. Because the green fluorescent bacilli could be directly observed by fluorescence microscopy, the stable expression of GFP was rapid and convenient for conjugation screening in addition to the antibiotic resistance genes within the constructed plasmid. This is the first report on an exogenous plasmid that can be stably maintained as an extrachromosomal element in S. cellulosum.     

大豆子叶节再生中植物生长调节剂浓度及基因型筛选

以黑农35为实验材料,对大豆子叶节再生过程中种子的灭菌方法、萌发培养基中植物生长调节剂的浓度、丛生芽分化、生根培养与驯化等过程中植物生长调节剂的浓度进行研究,确定了大豆组培过程中最适合的种子灭菌方法是氯气灭菌法,确定了萌发培养基中的6-BA浓度为2mg/L,丛生芽分化培养基中6-BA浓度为1.70mg/L,GA3浓度为0.5mg/L时,分化率最高（78.1%）。生根培养基中添加0.37mg/L NAA更适合根的生长。采用此方法对北方37个主要栽培大豆品种进行了基因型筛选,确定了合丰25、黑农35、合丰35、绥农10、绥农14等5个比较适合的大豆基因型。     

黑曲霉转化系统的优化及重组菌株高效筛选

黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)是食品工业中重要的生产菌株,广泛应用于酶和有机酸生产.为提高黑曲霉遗传操作效率,对黑曲霉转化及重组菌株筛选策略进行优化.基于已报道的最佳转化条件对黑曲霉AG11进行电转化、农杆菌介导和聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)介导转化(Agrobacteriu...     

Cassettes for PCR-mediated construction of green, yellow, and cyan fluorescent protein fusions in Candida albicans.

We have developed a set of plasmids containing fluorescent protein cassettes for use in PCR-mediated gene tagging in Candida albicans. We engineered YFP and CFP variants of the GFP sequence optimized for C. albicans codon usage. The fluorescent protein sequences, linked to C. albicans auxotrophic marker sequences, were amplified by PCR and transformed directly into yeast. Gene-specific sequence was incorporated into the PCR primers, such that the tag-cassette integrates by homologous recombination at the 3'-end of the gene of interest. This technique was used to tag Cdc3 and Tub1 with GFP, YFP and CFP, which were readily visualized by fluorescence microscopy and localized as expected. In addition, Tub1-YFP and Cdc3-CFP were visualized in the same cells. Thus, this technique directs one-step construction of multiple fluorescent protein fusions, facilitating the study of protein co-expression and co-localization in C. albicans cells in vivo.     

Differential chromosome control of ploidy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, aneuploidy is well tolerated and stable. We analysed whether the induced loss of a disomic chromosome favours endo-reduplication of the remaining chromosome or the cells prefer to retain the acquired euploidy. Chromosome VIII disomes and trisomes were tagged with GFP (green fluorescent protein), DsRed (red fluorescent protein) and BFP (blue fluorescent protein) integrated at the thr1 locus, using our newly designed STIK (specific targeted integration of kanamycin resistance-associated, non-selectable DNA) plasmid system. A knockout cassette for centromere 8 was constructed with the hygromycin-B marker, which was transformed into the strains. The transformants lost sensitivity to hygromycin, thereby indicating the event of centromere replacement. Quantitative PCR and Southern analysis were performed for chromosome VIII copy number determination by probing the markers located on both the right (ARG4 and THR1) and left (GUT1) arm whereas, for chromosome V, markers such as HIS1, located on right arm, and URA3, on left arm, were used. The loss of an extranumerary chromosome VIII in a disome and trisome leads to stable euploidy. Furthermore, in a wild-type diploid, deletion of a copy of chromosome VIII, leads to monosomy, and restoration of euploidy after 22 generations, by reduplication of chromosome VIII, and consequent loss of heterozygosis (LOH). However, chromosome V knockouts in chromosome VIII trisome, still showed LOH and duplication of chromosome V, with return to the original aneuploid condition. These results suggest that yeast cells could control the integrity of their genetic complement acting at the individual chromosome level.     

栽培大豆Rubisco小亚基基因（rbcS）全长cDNA的克隆及原核表达

根据NCBI中发表的大豆Rubisco小亚基基因（rbcS）序列（AF303939-1）设计特异引物,以吉农13大豆为实验材料,采用Trizol法提取叶片总RNA,通过RT-PCR克隆大豆rbcS的cDNA。将该基因与原核表达载体pET-30a（＋）连接,转化大肠杆菌E.coli BL21感受态细胞,双酶切鉴定后筛选阳性克隆,测序结果显示：rbcS全长696bp,其中开放阅读框为537bp,编码178个氨基酸;选择含大豆rbcS cDNA阳性克隆菌液IPTG诱导,经SDSPAGE分析,诱导表达出分子量为29.1kDa的融合蛋白,表达产物大小与预计理论值相符。诱导7h蛋白表达量最高,为64.15%。     

一株产L-赖氨酸菌株发酵培养基的响应面优化

本试验优化了一株黄色短杆菌HXLl09的发酵培养基以提高L．赖氨酸的产量。在研究葡萄糖、硫酸铵、豆饼水解液、KH2P04·3H20、MgS04·7H20、FeS04·7H20、MnSO4·H2O4＋单因素实验的基础上,DesignExpert软件的Box-BehnkenDesign（BBD）建立响应面模型。结果表明：HXL109最佳产酸条件为：葡萄糖89.48g／L,豆饼水解液30．77g／L,硫酸铵20．89g／L,KH2P04·3H204．5g／L。在此条件下L．赖氨酸的产量为142．65g门L,与预测值（143．67g／L）吻合度较高。通过发酵对比实验可见,用响应面分析法对该L-赖氨酸产生菌发酵培养基进行优化,可获得最佳的工艺条件。     

Monitoring growth and movement of Ralstonia solanacearum cells harboring plasmid pRSS12 derived from bacteriophage ϕRSS1

We monitored growth and movement of Ralstonia solanacearum harboring the plasmid pRSS12 in tomato seedlings. The plasmid contains a gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) and is stably maintained in R. solanacearum cells without selection pressure. Bacteria harboring the plasmid can be tracked in planta by visualizing GFP fluorescence. Stems of seedlings were infected with R. solanacearum cells transformed with pRSS12, and bacterial growth and movement, particularly around the vascular bundles, were monitored for more than 7 days. Our results showed that vascular bundles are independent of each other within the stem, and that it takes a long time for R. solanacearum cells to migrate from one vascular bundle to another. For real-time monitoring of bacteria in planta, tomato seedlings were grown on agar medium and bacterial suspension was applied to the root apex. The bacterial invasion process was monitored by fluorescent microscopy. Bacteria invaded taproots within 6 h, and movement of the bacteria was observed until 144 h after inoculation. In susceptible tomato cultivars, strong GFP fluorescence was observed in hypocotyls and lateral roots as well as the taproot. In resistant cultivars, however, GFP fluorescence was rarely observed on lateral roots. Our results show that this monitoring system can be used to assess bacterial pathogenicity efficiently.