Low power fast settling multi-standard current reusing CMOS fractional-N frequency synthesizer

正A low power fast settling multi-standard CMOS fractional-N frequency synthesizer is proposed.The current reusing and frequency presetting techniques are adopted to realize the low power fast settling multi-standard fractional-N frequency synthesizer.An auxiliary non-volatile memory(NVM) is embedded to avoid the repetitive calibration process and to save power in practical application.This PLL is implemented in a 0.18μm technology. The frequency range is 0.3 to 2.54 GHz and the settling time is less than 5μs over the entire frequency range.The LC-VCO with the stacked divide-by-2 has a good figure of merit of-193.5 dBc/Hz.The measured phase noise of frequency synthesizer is about-115 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset when the carrier frequency is 2.4 GHz and the reference spurs are less than -52 dBc.The whole frequency synthesizer consumes only 4.35 mA @ 1.8 V.     

基于单片机控制的频率综合器设计

以ADF4360芯片为核心,设计实现了频率综合器作为1.95 GHz一次变频超外差射频接收机的本振部分,并制作了单片机控制电路。经测试,可以在1.6GHz～1.95GHz范围内以0.5MHz为步长调节输出本振信号频率。在频率为1.9GHz时,相位噪声为-68dBc/Hz（1kHzoffset）、-71dBc/Hz（10kHz offset）、-110dBc/Hz（100kHz offset）、-115dBc/Hz（1MHz off-set）。频率偏差小于50kHz。     

一种2.4GHz正交输出频率综合器

介绍了一种用于bluetooth的基于0.35μm CMOS工艺的2.4GHz正交输出频率综合器的设计和实现.采用差分控制正交耦合压控振荡器实现I/Q信号的产生.为了降低应用成本,利用一个二阶环路滤波器以及一个单位增益跨导放大器来代替三阶环路滤波器.频率综合器的相位噪声为-106.15dBc/Hz@1MHz,带内相位噪声小于-70dBc/Hz,3.3V电源下频率综合器的功耗为13.5mA,芯片面积为1.3mm×0.8mm.     

一种用于短距离器件的带自校准的∑-Δ分数分频频率综合器

介绍了一种应用于433/868MHz频段短距离器件的分数分频频率综合器.采用带自适应频率校准的宽带压控振荡器来覆盖要求的频段,并采用3位量化、3阶的Σ△调制器来实现分数分频和改善锁相环的带外噪声.测试结果表明,自适应频率校准能够正常工作,压控振荡器的频率调节范围为1.31～1.18GHz,在3MHz频偏处的带外噪声为-139dBc/Hz,分数毛刺低于-60dBc.芯片采用0.35μm CMOS工艺,芯片面积仅为1.8mm2,功耗仅为57mW.     

基于0.35μm SiGe BiCMOS的高纯度频率综合器

介绍了一个基于0.35μm SiGe BiCMOS的整数N频率综合器.通过采用不同工艺来实现不同模块,实现了一个具有良好的杂散和相噪性能的高纯度频率综合器.除环路滤波器外所有的部件均采用差分电路结构.为了进一步减小相位噪声,压控振荡器中采用绑定线来形成谐振.该频率综合器可在2.39～2.72 GHz的频率范围内输出功率OdBm.在100kHz频偏处测得的相位噪声为-95dBc/Hz,在1MHz频偏处测得的相位噪声为-116dBc/Hz.参考频率处杂散小于-72dBc.在3V 的工作电压下,包括输出驱动级在内的整个芯片消耗60mA电流.     

A wideband frequency synthesizer for a receiver application at multiple frequencies

An integer-N frequency synthesizer for a receiver application at multiple frequencies was implemented in 0.18 μm IP6M CMOS technology. The synthesizer generates 2.57 GHz, 2.52 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 2.25 GHz local signals for the receiver. A wide-range voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) based on a reconfigurable LC tank with a binary-weighted switched capacitor array and a switched inductor array is employed to cover the desired frequencies with a sufficient margin. The measured tuning range of the VCO is from 1.76 to 2.59 GHz. From the carriers of 2.57 GHz,2.52 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 2.25 GHz, the measured phase noises are -122.13 dBc/Hz, -122.19 dBc/Hz, -121.8 dBc/Hz and -121.05 dBc/Hz, at 1 MHz offset, respectively. Their in-band phase noises are -80.09 dBc/Hz, -80.29 dBe/Hz,-83.05 dBc/Hz and -86.38 dBc/Hz, respectively. The frequency synthesizer including buffers consumes a total power of 70 Mw from a 2 V power supply. The chip size is 1.5 × 1 mm~2.     

A 4 GHz quadrature output fractional-N frequency synthesizer for an IR-UWB transceiver

This paper describes a 4 GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer for a 3.1 to 5 GHz IR-UWB transceiver.Designed in a 0.18μm mixed-signal & RF 1P6M CMOS process, the operating range of the synthesizer is 3.74 to 4.44 GHz. By using an 18-bit third-order ∑-△ modulator, the synthesizer achieves a frequency resolution of 15 Hz when the reference frequency is 20 MHz. The measured amplitude mismatch and phase error between I and Q signals are less than 0.1 dB and 0.8° respectively. The measured phase noise is -116 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset for a 4 GHz output.Measured spurious tones are lower than -60 dBc. The settling time is within 80 μs. The core circuit conupSigmaes only 38.2 mW from a 1.8 V power supply.     

A multi-band CMOS PLL-based frequency synthesizer for DRM/DRM+/DAB systems

A wideband frequency synthesizer is designed and fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology. It is developed for DRM/DRM+/DAB systems and is based on a programmable integer-N phase-locked loop. Instead of using several synthesizers for different bands, only one synthesizer is used, which has three separated divider paths to provide quadrature 8-phase LO signals. A wideband VCO covers a frequency band from 2.0 to 2.9 GHz, generates LO signals from 32 to 72 MHz, and from 250 to 362 MHz. In cooperation with a programmable XTAL multi-divider at the PLL input and output dividers at the PLL output, the frequency step can be altered from 1 to 25 kHz. It provides an average output phase noise of ?80 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset, ?95 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset, and ?120 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset for all the supported channels. The output power of the LO signals is tunable from 0 dBm to +3 dBm, and the phase of quadrature signals can also be adjusted through a varactor in the output buffer. The power consumption of the frequency synthesizer is 45 mW from a 1.8 V supply.     

A 2 V 1.8 GHz fully integrated CMOS dual-loop frequency synthesizer

A 2 V 1.8 GHz fully integrated CMOS dual-loop frequency synthesizer is designed in a standard 0.5 /spl mu/m digital CMOS process for wireless communication. The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) required for the low-frequency loop is designed using a ring-type VCO and achieves a tuning range of 89% from 356 to 931 MHz and a phase noise of -109.2 dBc/Hz at 600 kHz offset from 856 MHz. With an active chip area of 2000/spl times/1000 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and at a 2 V supply voltage, the whole synthesizer achieves a tuning range from 1.8492 to 1.8698 GHz in 200 kHz steps with a measured phase noise of -112 dBc/Hz at 600 kHz offset from 1.86 GHz. The measured settling time is 128 /spl mu/s and the total power consumption is 95 mW.     

A low-spurious fast-hopping MB-OFDM UWB synthesizer

A frequency synthesizer for the ultra-wide band(UWB)group # 1 is proposed.The synthesizer uses a phase locked loop(PLL)and single-sideband(SSB)mixers to generate the three center frequencies of the first band group by mixing 4224 MHz with ±264 MHz and 792 MHz,respectively.A novel multi-QSSB mixer is designed to combine the function of frequency selection and frequency conversion for low power and high linearity.The synthesizer is fabricated in Jazz 0.18-μm RF CMOS technology.The measured reference spur is as low as-69 dBc and the maximum spur is the LO leakage of-32 dBc.A low phase noise of-110 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset and an integrated phase noise of 1.86°are achieved.The hopping time between different bands is less than 1.8 ns.The synthesizer consumes 30 mA from a1.8 V supply.     

使用三位三阶Δ∑调制器的集成1GHz小数频率合成器

本文实现了一个采用三位三阶Δ∑调制器的高频谱纯度集成小数频率合成器.该频率合成器采用了模拟调谐和数字调谐组合技术来提高相位噪声性能,优化的电源组合可以避免各个模块之间的相互干扰,并且提高鉴频鉴相器的线性度和提高振荡器的调谐范围.通过采用尾电流源滤波技术和减小振荡器的调谐系数,在片压控振荡器具有很低的相位噪声,而通过采用开关电容阵列,该压控振荡器达到了大约100MHz的调谐范围,该开关电容阵列由在片数字调谐系统进行控制.该频率合成器已经采用0.18μm CMOS工艺实现,仿真结果表明,该频率频率合成器的环路带宽约为14kHz,最大带内相位噪声约为-106dBc/Hz;在偏离载波频率100kHz处的相位噪声小于-120dBc/Hz,具有很高的频谱纯度.该频率合成器还具有很快的反应速度,其锁定时间约为160μs.     

A /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ fractional-N frequency synthesizer using a wide-band integrated VCO and a fast AFC technique for GSM/GPRS/WCDMA applications

A fractional-N frequency synthesizer (FNFS) in a 0.5-/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS technology is implemented. In order to operate in a wide-band frequency range, a switched-capacitors bank LC tank voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and an adaptive frequency calibration (AFC) technique are used. The measured VCO tuning range is as wide as 600 MHz (40%) from 1.15 to 1.75 GHz with a tuning sensitivity from 5.2 to 17.5 MHz/V. A 3-bit fourth-order /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ modulator is used to reduce out-of-band phase noise and to meet a frequency resolution of less than 3 Hz as well as agile switching time. The experimental results show -80 dBc/Hz in-band phase noise within the loop bandwidth of 25 kHz and -129 dBc/Hz out-of-band phase noise at 400-kHz offset frequency. The fractional spurious is less than -70 dBc/Hz at 300-kHz offset frequency and the reference spur is -75 dBc/Hz. The lock time is less than 150 /spl mu/s. The proposed synthesizer consumes 19.5 mA from a single 2.8-V supply voltage and meets the requirements of GSM/GPRS/WCDMA applications.     

具有自校准压控振荡器和精确自动频率校准算法的低噪声频率合成器

A low noise phase locked loop （PLL） frequency synthesizer implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology is introduced. A VCO noise reduction method suited for short channel design is proposed to minimize PLL output phase noise. A self-calibrated voltage controlled oscillator is proposed in cooperation with the automatic frequency calibration circuit, whose accurate binary search algorithm helps reduce the VCO tuning curve coverage, which reduces the VCO noise contribution at PLL output phase noise. A low noise, charge pump is also introduced to extend the tuning voltage range of the proposed VCO, which further reduces its phase noise contribution. The frequency synthesizer generates 9.75-11.5 GHz high frequency wide band local oscillator （LO） carriers. Tested 11.5 GHz LO bears a phase noise of-104 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz frequency offset. The total power dissipation of the proposed frequency synthesizer is 48 mW. The area of the proposed frequency synthesizer is 0.3 mm^2, including bias circuits and buffers.     

Ka波段频率合成器

本文介绍了一种基于毫米波谐波混频、中频锁相的Ｋａ波段频率合成器的设计方案及实现结果。合成器的频率范围为２６．５￣４０ＧＨｚ,输出功率大于＋５ｄＢｍ,频率步进值为１ＭＨｚ,相噪指标为（１０ｋＨｚ）〈－６５ｄＢｃ／Ｈｚ,杂散低于－５５ｄＢｃ。     

A 2.6-GHz/5.2-GHz frequency synthesizer in 0.4-μm CMOStechnology

This paper describes the design of a CMOS frequency synthesizer targeting wireless local-area network applications in the 5-GHz range. Based on an integer-N architecture, the synthesizer produces a 5.2-GHz output as well as the quadrature phases of a 2.6-GHz carrier. Fabricated in a 0.4-μm digital CMOS technology, the circuit provides a channel spacing of 23.5 MHz at 5.2 GHz while exhibiting a phase noise of -115 dBc/Hz at 2.6 GHz and -100 dBc/Hz at 5.2 GHz (both at 10-MHz offset). The reference sidebands are at -53 dBc at 2.6 GHz, and the power dissipation from a 2.6-V supply is 47 mW     

A 6-9 GHz 5-band CMOS synthesizer for MB-OFDM UWB

An ultra-wideband frequency synthesizer is designed to generate carrier frequencies for 5 bands distributed from 6 to 9 GHz with less than 3 ns switching time.It incorporates two phase-locked loops and one single-sideband (SSB) mixer.A 2-to-1 multiplexer with high linearity is proposed.A modified wideband SSB mixer,quadrature VCO, and layout techniques are also employed.The synthesizer is fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS process and operates at 1.5-1.8 V while consuming 40 mA current.The measured phase noise ...     

A 1.8-GHz CMOS fractional-N frequency synthesizer with randomized multiphase VCO

A 1.8 GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer implemented in 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS with an on-chip multiphase voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) exhibits no spurs resulting from phase interpolation. The proposed architecture randomly selects output phases of a multiphase VCO for fractional frequency division to eliminate spurious tones. Measured phase noise at 1.715 GHz is lower than -80 dBc/Hz within a 20 kHz loop bandwidth and -118 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset with no fractional spurs above -70 dBc/Hz. The synthesizer has a frequency resolution step smaller than 10 Hz. The chip consumes 52 mW at 3.3 V and occupies 3.7 mm/spl times/2.9 mm.     

A 9.8-mW 1.2-GHz CMOS frequency synthesizer with a low phase-noise LC-VCO and an I/Q frequency divider

A 1.2 GHz frequency synthesizer integrated in a RF receiver for Beidou navigation is implemented in standard 0.18μm CMOS technology.A distributed biased varactor LC voltage-controlled oscillator is employed to achieve low tuning sensitivity and optimized phase noise performance.A high-speed and low-switching-noise divider-by-2 circuit based on a source-coupled logic structure is adopted to generate a quadrature(I/Q) local oscillating signal.A high-speed 8/9 dual-modulus prescaler(DMP),a programmable-delay phase frequency detector without dead-zone problem,and a programmable-current charge pump are also integrated into the frequency synthesizer. The frequency synthesizer demonstrates an output frequency from 1.05 to 1.30 GHz,and the phase noise is-98.53 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset and -121.92 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset from the carrier frequency of 1.21 GHz. The power dissipation of the core circuits without the output buffer is 9.8 mW from a 1.8 V power supply.The total area of the receiver is 2.4×1.6 mm~2.     

适用于超宽带系统的低功耗CMOS频率合成器研究

针对脉冲无线电超宽频(IR-UWB)接收系统,提出了一种低功耗频率合成器设计。合成器的设计以一个整数N分频II型四阶锁相环结构为基础,包括一个调谐范围为31%的7位压控振荡器,一组基于单相时钟逻辑的高速分频器。分频器能够合成八个由IEEE标准802.15.4a定义的频率。该集成频率合成器运用65 nm CMOS技术制造而成,面积为0.33 mm2,工作频率范围为7.5–10.6 GHz。测试结果显示,在1.2 V供电下,该合成器的3-dB闭环带宽为100 kHz,稳定时间为15 。测量相位噪声低于-103 dBc/Hz@1MHz,抵消频率为1 MHz。杂散信号功率低于低于-58 dBc。相比其他先进的合成器,提出合成器的工作电流为5.13 mA,功耗仅为6.23mW。     

一款应用于无线通信的0.8~4.2 GHz单芯片全数字锁相环频率综合器

本文采用130nmCMOS工艺成功实现了应用于无线通信的0.8 - 4.2 GHz单片全数字锁相环频率合成器。文章提出了一系列的新方法,即采用了高频率分辨率的双带DCO以覆盖系统所需的2.5 GHz至5 GHz带宽;一个溢出计数器可以防止“pulse-swallowing”现象,显著减少了环路锁定时间;提出的NTW-clamp数字模块可以有效防止循环控制字的溢出;修改后的可编程分频器避免了传统架构中失败的边界操作。测量结果表明,该频率合成器的输出频率范围是0.8-4.2 GHz,锁定时间在2.68GHz减少了84%,最好的带内和带外相位噪声性能已达到-100 dBc/Hz,和-125 dBc/Hz,最低参考杂散达到-58dBc。