由水溶液中还原制取非晶合金

日本秋田县资源技术开发机构与金属矿业事业团技术研究所共同开发成功将水溶液中的金属离子还原制取非晶态合金的新技术。以利用非电解还原反应为特点，在容器中放人磷系还原剂和ｐＨ值调整剂，一边通氮气一边混合并加热到６０℃以上后保温，放人金属盐使之进行反应，从而制得了镍－磷、钴－磷和钴－镍－磷３种非晶态合金粉末。形状大致呈球形，如果改变还原条件，则可控制所得粉末的粒径，还能控制合金的化学成分。因此，利用此法有可能制取各种合金系的非晶态粉末。由水溶液中还原制取非晶合金     

喷雾干燥法制备钼合金微粉的研究

钼合金的制备过程广泛采用原料粉末混匀、坯料压制、烧结成型的粉末冶金方法,因此原料粉末混合的均匀程度、纯度、粉末粒径和形貌对钼合金制品的性能有重要影响。本文采用溶液喷雾干燥法制备前驱体粉末,再将前驱体粉末在氢气气氛下进行高温还原制备钼钨合金粉和钼钌镍复合粉,研究了喷雾干燥工艺参数（溶液浓度、进料速度、干燥温度等）和还原热处理工艺参数（还原气氛、温度、时间等）对钼合金微粉粒径、成分和形貌的影响,此外还分析了钼钨合金化和钼钌镍复合粉钎焊性能。结果表明,采用溶液喷雾干燥结合还原热处理工艺,可获得粒径0.5~3μm的球形钼钨固溶体合金粉和0.5~2μm的球形钼钌镍复合粉,且钼钌镍复合粉在钼板上钎焊时具有优异的润湿性。     

纳米Ni-P粉末的制备工艺研究

利用NiSO_4·6H_2O,NaH_2PO_2·H_2O和形核诱导剂(NaBH4)作为原料,利用液相还原法在pH为12,合成温度为40℃,形核诱导剂浓度为5 g/L,镍磷比为1∶3条件下制备了粒径约150～400 nm的Ni-P粉末,研究了p H值、合成温度、形核诱导剂浓度和镍磷比对纳米Ni-P粉末的形貌、磷含量和产率的影响。结果表明:随着形核诱导剂浓度增大,镍磷合金粉末的产率提高,粒径减小;合成温度升高促进了粉末长大,当温度为40℃时粉末粒径最小;随着镍磷比增大,合金粉末磷含量和产率均减小,其中镍磷比为1∶3时粒径最小;随着pH升高,粉末磷含量下降,产率提高。     

修饰剂对液相还原法制备的纳米镍粒子形貌与尺寸的影响

180℃下，醋酸镍为前驱体，溶解在1，2-丙二醇溶剂中，以溶剂自身为还原剂，加入适量的修饰剂（如聚乙二醇系列（PEG-200，PEG-600，PEG-2000和PEG-6000）和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）），进行了粒径、形貌可控的纳米镍的合成．通过xRD，TEM和Fourier红外光谱（FTIR）对纳米镍进行了表征．结果表明，修饰剂的结构对纳米镍的粒径大小、粒径分布及形貌的影响很大．修饰剂PEG-200与PEG—600易于形成雪花状晶体，PEG-2000易于形成十二面体晶体，PEG-6000易于形成三角形薄片，SDS易于形成粒径较小的雪花状晶体和十二面晶体；PEG-600，PEG-6000与SDS复配后易于形成粒径较大的雪花状晶体．并对修饰剂的作用机理进行了讨论．     

热化学共还原法制备W包覆Cu纳米复合粉体(英文)

采用两种粒径的氧化铜粉末和粒径为1.5μm的三氧化钨粉末来制备高纯度的CuWO4粉末,分别通过控制CuWO4粉末在360和750℃两个阶段的氢气还原作用,制备出钨包覆铜纳米复合粉体。复合粉体的微观形貌,组织结构与颗粒尺寸采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X线衍射分析仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)进行测试,激光粒度测试仪(LPSA)用来测试CuWO4粉末的粒度。由小粒度CuWO4粉末制备出的钨包覆铜纳米复合粉体的钨包覆层厚度小,氢气还原制备的钨包覆铜复合粉体的平均粒径约50nm。     

液相沉淀-热还原纳米Fe包覆Mo粉末微结构特征

采用液相沉淀-热还原法制备纳米Fe包覆Mo合金粉末,研究还原过程中的晶粒组织及微结构并进行分析.结果表明:还原过程中,粉末晶粒平均晶粒尺寸随还原温度的升高而变小,微观应变在还原温度为600 ℃时最高,Mo晶粒先于Fe晶粒还原并长大至1 μm左右,Fe晶粒粒径最终保持为1.8 nm,并形成20 nm左右的薄层,沉积在Mo颗粒表面.     

化学镀法制备纳米镍-磷合金粉工艺研究

以氯化钯为催化剂,采用正交实验、TEM、XRD和粒度分析等手段,系统研究了纳米镍磷合金粉的化学镀法制备工艺。结果表明:反应温度、pH值、镍磷比、柠檬酸钠加入量、氯化钯加入量等制备工艺参数对镍磷合金粉产量都有一定影响,其显著性大小顺序为:反应温度>柠檬酸钠加入量>氯化钯加入量>pH值>镍磷比,上述因素对产量影响的规律不同。较优的制备工艺为:分散剂为OP-10,加入量0.004 g/L,反应温度为75℃,pH值为4;硫酸镍、次亚磷酸钠、柠檬酸钠、无水醋酸钠和氯化铅加入量分别为28、37.7、45、150、.001 g/L;在50 mL废镀液中加入浓度为0.1 g/L的催化剂氯化钯8 mL;制备镍磷合金粉的分散剂应选用加入量为0.004 g/L的OP-10。     

细乳液聚合包覆无机纳米粒子的研究进展

对国内外细乳液聚合技术包覆无机纳米粒子的研究进展进行了综述,简单介绍了细乳液聚合的特点、细乳液聚合包覆无机纳米粒子的机理及今后的发展趋势.重点分析了超声波分散、乳化剂类型和用量、表面处理、共乳化剂、聚合温度、单体和引发剂等因素对细乳液聚合包覆无机纳米粒子的影响,同时指出无机纳米粒子的均匀分散、制备粒径小且分布均匀的无机纳米粒子-单体细液滴是细乳液聚合包覆无机纳米粒子的关键.     

草酸盐共沉淀法制备金刚石金属结合剂

以制备金刚石金属结合剂为目的,本文研究了用共沉淀法制备的含草酸亚铁、草酸铜和草酸镍为所需比例的三组分共沉淀作为金属结合剂前驱体,然后还原制得金属结合剂.研究了草酸盐共沉淀中的各组分的收率,确定了共沉淀的最佳反应条件:溶液浓度(Fe2 )0.38 mol/L,反应温度50℃,反应时间1 h,氢氧化钠和草酸物质的量的比值为1～2:1.通过TPR和MS谱研究了共沉淀的分解还原过程及产物形态,研究发现,两者的加入能降低草酸亚铁的还原温度,共沉淀分解还原后生成合金粉末;对合金粉末进行了机械性能测定,结果表明:合金粉具有较好的硬度,比机械混合的结合剂提高20%以上,抗弯强度略有下降,但二者配合使用有较好的效果.     

热喷涂用Ni包FeS粉末的化学镀法制备与研究

为防止热喷涂过程中FeS的氧化烧损,采用化学镀方法对平均粒径为31 （m（400目）的FeS粉末进行化学镀镍,制备出了FeS粉末表面完整包覆镍的适合热喷涂的复合粉末.利用正交试验优化出了镀液最佳组分及镀覆的最佳工艺;同时分析了主要工艺条件对镀覆效果的影响;运用XRD、SEM和粉末剖面金相对样品进行形貌观察和分析表征.结果表明,溶液中的镍离子浓度、次磷酸钠浓度、温度以及pH值的增大,都会加快沉积速度;文中试验条件下,可在原始的FeS粉末颗粒表面包覆了一层致密均匀的镍层.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.