自组装单层膜技术制备纳米晶态薄膜

自组装单层膜(SAMs)技术是制备纳米尺寸超薄膜材料的一种极具应用前景的新型高效、环境友好的绿色制膜技术.本文首先比较详细地介绍了自组装单层膜技术(SAMs)的发展历程和研究现状,然后对SAMs技术诱导沉积纳米晶态无机薄膜的机理进行了综述,接着比较了SAMs技术与生物矿化的异同,最后对SAMs技术的应用做了一定的展望.     

利用铜基底增强化学镀法制备金纳米颗粒/石墨烯复合薄膜

采用电泳沉积技术在铜基底表面制备了石墨烯(GNS)薄膜,进而利用氯金酸水溶液与铜基底之间的电置换反应在GNS薄膜表面沉积金纳米颗粒,从而得到金纳米颗粒/石墨烯(Au/GNS)复合薄膜.通过原子力显微镜(AFM),场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)X射线衍射(XRD)等测试手段对样品进行厚度,微观结构和化学成分分析,研究了不同置换反应时间对所得复合薄膜形貌和结构的影响,并分析了复合薄膜的沉积机理.     

平整二钛酸钾薄膜的制备及其气相光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了K2Ti2O5薄膜并进行表征;在K2Ti2O5薄膜表面上形成致密的十八烷基三氯硅烷(C18H37SiCl3,OTS)单层自组装膜(SAMs);用OTS SAMs 水接触角变化研究薄膜的气相光催化活性;测量了薄膜的光电流响应.研究发现:K2Ti2O5薄膜表面平整、均匀、致密、在玻璃基片上透明;在紫外和可见光区都有光吸收;K2Ti2O5薄膜上OTS SAMs在空气中用254nm的紫外光照射时降解速度比在TiO2薄膜上快;K2Ti2O5薄膜产生阳极光电流,比TiO2薄膜具有更强的光激发和更稳定的光电流响应.结果表明,K2Ti2O5薄膜在空气中用紫外光照射能很有效的分解OTS SAMs,是一种很好的治理气相有机污染物的光催化剂.     

微米及纳米金刚石薄膜的制备及其组织性能研究.

采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)方法在铜衬底上沉积了微米和纳米两种金刚石薄膜,过渡层均为钛一铝一钼.用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)观察薄膜的表面及断面形貌,用拉曼(Raman)光谱测量所得金刚石薄膜的质量,利用压痕法测试了所得薄膜的附着性能,研究结果表明:过渡层可有效提高微米金刚石薄膜在铜衬底上的附着力,反应气氛中Ar的存在可促使纳米金刚石薄膜的形成,改善薄膜表面的粗糙度.     

Cu2O半导体薄膜在酸性条件下的电化学沉积

在酸性溶液中在透明导电玻璃(ITO)基体上电化学沉积Cu2O薄膜.通过实验研究了电沉积工艺条件对电沉积Cu2O薄膜的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对薄膜的微观结构和表面形貌进行了分析.结果表明,水浴温度较高时,酸性镀液中Ac-HAc共轭缓冲体系的反应速率提高,可以有效抑制铜单质的生长;镀液中铜离子的浓度...     

烷基硫醇自组装铜镀层及其树脂基复合材料界面性能研究

为改善金属转移法制备的铜镀层与碳纤维增强氰酸酯树脂基复合材料的界面粘附性能,选用4种烷基硫醇偶联剂自组装膜(SAMs)改性铜镀层.通过表征改性前后镀层表面形貌、表面极性变化、烷基硫醇与铜镀层之间的化学键合情况,研究不同烷基硫醇对铜镀层与复合材料界面结合强度的影响.结果表明：4种烷基硫醇不同程度地提高了铜镀层与复合材料的界面结合强度,具有反应活性基团和长链结构的11巯基-十一烷酸(MUA)和11巯基-十一烷醇(MUOL)因与复合材料产生化学键连接和分子链缠结作用,形成铜镀层-SAM-复合材料的界面结构,使界面结合强度提高超过70%.     

单体流量对大气压等离子体枪沉积二氧化硅薄膜的影响

大气压非平衡等离子体枪是近年来发展的一种新型的薄膜沉积方法,由于其相较于传统的气相镀膜方法,具有常压、低温、沉积速率快、设备简单等优点,一直以来受到了人们的广泛关注。利用这种类型沉积设备,以四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)为先驱体,研究常压下沉积的二氧化硅薄膜的性质和规律。实验中,以氮气和少量氧气组成的混合气体作为等离子体的发生气体,以氮气作为单体的载气,并调节载气流量在60~160mL/min之间。通过光学椭偏仪、红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)对所沉积的薄膜进行表征。结果表明,在硅衬底表面沉积的薄膜为包含OH基团的二氧化硅薄膜,且在薄膜的表面嵌有球状颗粒。随着TEOS流量的增加,薄膜中OH基团含量、表面颗粒含量和尺寸都显著增长。分析认为,TEOS流量增加引起的薄膜组分和表面形貌的变化,是由沉积速率变大引起的。     

Cu电极保护膜层氧化铝的原子层沉积工艺研究

介绍了硅功率器件Cu电极保护钝化膜层氧化铝的制备方法。采用热法ALD工艺和等离子增强ALD工艺在铜上沉积氧化铝薄膜,研究了不同ALD工艺、氧化剂种类、沉积温度和载气对氧化铝膜层质量及铜抗氧化保护效果的影响。结果表明：氧化剂对原子层沉积氧化铝薄膜的质量和铜电极的保护性能起着决定性作用;以臭氧(O₃)作为氧化剂,氧化铝薄膜极易脱落,与铜表面的结合力很差;以氧等离子体(O-)作为氧化剂,铜表面被氧化形成了氧化铜(CuO_x)层;而以水蒸气(H₂O)作为氧化剂,在低温100℃下,得到的Al₂O₃薄膜致密,无明显缺陷,且与铜金属层的结合力较优,对铜抗氧化保护效果良好;当沉积温度高于200℃时,原子层沉积氧化铝薄膜的缺陷明显增多;等离子增强ALD工艺中,当载气为Ar时,所得氧化铝膜厚度不均匀,铜电极发生强烈氧化。     

连续式离子层吸附与反应法沉积CuSCN薄膜及其微观结构、光学特性研究

采用乙二醇作溶剂,以连续式离子层吸附与反应法(SILAR)实现硫氰酸亚铜(CuSCN)薄膜在ITO、TiO2薄膜以及玻璃衬底上的沉积.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和紫外-可见光透过谱等手段表征薄膜结晶性、表面和断面微观形貌以及光学特性.结果表明,衬底以及溶剂性质均对SILAR法薄膜沉积过程存在重要影响.ITO衬底上获得的CuSCN薄膜更为致密,呈结晶态,而TiO2薄膜衬底上的CuSCN薄膜主要由颗粒组成,为非晶态.随沉积次数增加,薄膜表面粗糙度增大,光学透过率逐渐下降.在优化条件下(ITO衬底,20次沉积循环),所得CuSCN薄膜表面致密均匀,可见光透过率约60%.     

四方相BaTiO3薄膜的自组装制备与表征

以(NH₄)₂TiF₆、 Ba(NO₃)₂ 和H₃BO₃为主要原料, 采用自组装单层膜(SAMs)技术, 以三氯十八烷基硅烷(octadecyl-trichloro-silane, OTS)为模版, 在玻璃基片上制备了四方相钛酸钡晶态薄膜. 改性基板的亲水性测定与原子力显微镜（AFM）测试表明, 紫外光照射使基板由疏水转变为亲水, 能够对OTS-SAM起到修饰作用. 金相显微镜观察结果显示,OTS单分子膜指导沉积的薄膜样品表面均匀, 表明OTS SAM对钛酸钡薄膜的沉积具有诱导作用; X射线衍射（XRD）与扫描电镜（SEM）表征显示, 空气中600℃下保温2h实现了薄膜由非晶态向四方相BaTiO₃晶态薄膜的转化过程, 制备的钛酸钡薄膜在基板表面呈纳米线状生长, 线长约在500～1000nm之间, 相互连接的晶粒大小约为100nm. 文章同时对自组装单层膜和钛酸钡薄膜的形成机理进行了探讨.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。