霍尔离子源制备类金刚石薄膜研究

采用霍尔离子源沉积类金刚石薄膜是近年来新出现的一种方法，本文研究了自行研制的霍尔离子源的性能以及采用此离子源制备类金刚石薄膜及工艺参数的影响。结果表明，霍尔离子源在较低的电压即可起辉，可提供稳定的能量较低的离子束流。采用霍尔离子源沉积类金刚石薄膜的沉积速率约为O．5nm/s。随着霍尔离子源灯丝电流的升高，离子源放电电压下降，制备的类金刚石薄膜的硬度下降。放电电流的变化对类金刚石薄膜的硬度影响不大。     

霍尔离子源制备类金刚石薄膜研究

采用霍尔离子源沉积类金刚石薄膜是近年来新出现的一种方法 ,本文研究了自行研制的霍尔离子源的性能以及采用此离子源制备类金刚石薄膜及工艺参数的影响。结果表明 ,霍尔离子源在较低的电压即可起辉 ,可提供稳定的能量较低的离子束流。采用霍尔离子源沉积类金刚石薄膜的沉积速率约为 0 5nm/s。随着霍尔离子源灯丝电流的升高 ,离子源放电电压下降 ,制备的类金刚石薄膜的硬度下降。放电电流的变化对类金刚石薄膜的硬度影响不大。     

中性束注入器Tank充气特性对离子源放电的影响

利用对PV-10型压电阀定标实验,研究了中性束注入器Tank内补充气体的参数对离子源放电弧电流的影响,对比压电阀脉冲电源的脉宽和幅值,显示后者对Tank内补充气体量具有更显著的线性关系.据此进行的中性束注入器离子源放电实验结果表明,采用压电阀定标值计算获得的参数,可以稳定重复地获得最大放电脉宽达到400 ms的等离子体弧电流,为下一步向托卡马克装置注入高能中性粒子束奠定了应用基础.     

用于薄膜制备的射频宽束离子源的设计

采用射频宽束离子源进行离子束辅助镀膜可以获得高性能的光学薄膜,已越来越得到人们的共识.本文对射频感应线圈的匹配、起弧及三栅离子光学的关键技术进行了重点考虑，并获得了稳定运行的高性能离子源.     

阳极真空弧及其特性研究

介绍阳极真空弧设备和现象。对弧等离子体特性、阳极的蒸发和起弧方式进行了实验研究。在25A弧电流下，电子温度0．4～0．7eV，电子浓度1015～1017m-3，离子通量1018～1020m－2s-1。     

聚变强磁场下真空测量电离规结构及阴极灯丝优化研究

基于强磁场环境中托卡马克装置偏滤器中性粒子压力快速测量,使用普通热阴极电离计,难以实现托卡马克偏滤器实验运行的原位精确测量.文章针对普通热阴极电离计的结构特点,首先探究了强磁场下,阴极发射电子的运动轨迹受磁场约束对规管灵敏度的影响.应用有限元方法,计算分析了阴极灯丝受电动力以及热应力和电动力耦合作用下发生形变的规律,得到阴极灯丝应力、总变形量和轴向变形量数据以及阴极灯丝的热力性能不受加热电流变化影响的结论.提出可在强磁场下稳定工作的规管结构设计方案,得到阴极灯丝优化结果,为聚变装置强磁场下真空测量快规的优化设计提供参考.     

NBI离子源源头电源控制系统研究与设计

中性束注入(NBI)加热被国际聚变界公认为最有效的加热手段,其离子源源头电源控制系统的研制是中性束注入器的关键技术之一。通过研究高电压、高磁场环境对控制系统的影响,综合系统灵活性、易维护性、稳定性等诸方面因素设计了离子源源头电源控制系统,并开发了上位机监控程序、PLC程序和相关的硬件接口电路以及现场模糊控制系统。离子源源头电源控制系统为用户提供了良好的人机操作界面,经在测试平台的离子源起弧实验证明,有效地提高了NBI离子源放电实验的效率,为今后的NBI束线装置工程设计和研制奠定了基础。     

直热式钽基铂网氧化物灯丝特性的研究

阐述了钽基铂网氧化物灯丝的工作机理、性能、制造工艺。对其放电特性的研究表明该灯丝性能良好、工作稳定可靠、放电波形平整而光滑。在１１００Ｋ工作温度时，灯丝发射电流密度超过６Ａ／ｃｍ２，四根这种灯丝可产生３５０Ａ弧流（脉冲宽度３０ｍｓ）。     

强流离子源新型LaMo阴极的制备

作为强流离子源新型的ＬａＭｏ阴极，其用于强流离子源阴极的实验结果表明ＬａＭｏ阴极是一种有效的热阴极发射体，且该阴极用于强流离子源时，离子源放电起弧正常，使用寿命大大延长（相对于ＬａＢ６阴极）。本试验对ＬａＭｏ阴极材料的制备进行了探索性的尝试，取得了较好的实验结果，但与样品ＬａＭｏ阴极材料（美国）还存在着一定的距离。     

全元素离子注入及应用

ＴＩＴＡＮ离子源是一种新的能够同时产生强金属和气体离子束流的离子源，利用它我们已经得到了Ａｌ，Ｔｉ，Ｔａ，Ｃｒ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｚｎ，Ｓｎ，Ｙ，Ｃ，Ｓｉ，Ｈｅ，Ｎ，Ａｒ等气体和金属元素离子束，利用阴极斑真空弧可以获得金属离子，利用气体集中弧放电获得气体离子，引出电压为１０－８０ｋＶ，气体和金属离子脉冲流强分别为０．２５Ａ和０．５０Ａ，工作频率为１０－５０Ｈｚ，束斑面积２００ｃｍ＾２。本文并对该离     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.