金属复合极薄带制备工艺研究进展

随着电子工业、微型机器人等相关产业向智能化、微型化发展，工业产品对金属复合材料厚度提出了更高要求，研发性能优良的金属复合极薄带具有重要意义。金属极薄带轧制过程受到最小可轧厚度的限制，这增加了异种金属复合极薄带的制备难度。目前，制备金属复合极薄带的主要方法有喷射沉积法、磁控溅射法、扩散焊接法和轧制复合法。喷射沉积法和磁控溅射法工艺复杂，成本较高，通过扩散焊接法得到的金属复合极薄带结合强度较低，难以大规模生产。轧制复合法可分为“先复合后减薄”和“先减薄后复合”组合工艺。“先复合后减薄”组合工艺在较为成熟的异种金属中厚板轧制复合技术基础上进行后续减薄过程，但此工艺复杂，成本较高;“先减薄后复合”组合工艺直接采用极薄带材作为原料，复合工艺较简单，但对设备要求较高。本文归纳了金属复合极薄带的制备方法，重点评析了轧制复合组合工艺在金属复合极薄带材制备的应用，综述了金属复合极薄带材制备过程方面的研究新进展，并预测了金属复合极薄带材制备工艺研究的发展方向。     

无溶剂复合--一种值得高度关注的生产工艺

简要地介绍了无溶剂复合工艺，通过与干法复合的比较，阐明了无溶剂复合的主要优点；介绍了无溶剂胶粘剂的品种及产品例，并以列表的形式介绍了无溶剂复合类复合薄膜的相关性能；在剖析国内无溶剂复合现状的基础上，提出了加速我国无溶剂复合工艺的一些建议。     

关于涂布量对干法复合软包装产品质量影响之浅析

干法复合是软包装复合材料最传统的生产加工方法之一，尽管近年无溶剂复合得到了长足发展，水溶性的黏合剂在逐步推广其应用领域，但是溶剂性的黏合剂及其干法复合依然占据牢固的复合主流领导地位，如何深化干法复合的技术工艺研究，从更深层次，更广反系统全面的研究复合工艺对产品质量持续稳定的影响，     

我国复合包装废物回收体系和回收对策研究

复合包装具有比其他传统包装更良好的特性，在我国越来越广泛地使用，但也具有回收和利用更困难的特点，资源浪费和环境污染问题不可忽视。在调研的基础上，总结了复合包装回收特性，分析了我国复合包装回收利用的现状，阐述了我国复合包装回收模式和体系的状况，论述了复合包装回收过程中初步实行生产者责任延伸制度的经验和形式，提出了复合包装废物回收过程中存在的问题和今后的对策措施。     

探讨复合正弦筛在选煤厂原煤分级中的应用

本文主要介绍了复合正弦筛在选煤厂原煤分级的应用，通过对其工作原理和结构特征的分析，比较了复合正弦筛和传统原煤分级筛的不同，阐述了复合正弦筛在选煤厂原煤分级中的优势，为复合正弦筛在选煤厂的推广提供了可靠的实践经验。     

多孔硅和有机半导体复合的发光特性研究进展

综述了多孔硅和有机半导体复合的发光特性的研究进展，阐述了多孔硅和有机半导体复合的体系及其发光特性，详细介绍了影响多孔硅和有机半导体复合的发光特性的因素和制备多孔硅和有机半导体复合体系的方法，并讨论了多孔硅和有机半导体复合的发光特性的发光机理，最后综述了目前有待于进一步深入研究的问题及发展趋势。     

复合环境试验技术研究进展

为保证被检测产品在实际使用环境中的可靠性，必须进行复合环境试验。复合环境试验技术是在单参数环境试验技术基础之上发展起来的一种交叉性明显的试验技术，涉及多种环境参数的综合作用。复合环境试验技术能够充分检测产品在复合环境下的性能，能够发现单参数环境试验不能检测出的问题。本文介绍了复合环境试验技术的概念，分析了复合环境试验技术的国内外现状，指出了复合环境试验的发展趋势和关键技术。     

锌-聚四氟乙烯复合镀

研究了Zn-PTFE复合镀工艺，能得到PTFE含量达38％（vol)的复合镀膜。测量了复合镀膜的摩擦性能，摩擦系数μs=μk=0．11，复合镀膜具有自润滑性能。     

刚性桩复合地基研究进展

刚性桩复合地基是目前我国发展较快的复合地基形式，本文从刚性桩复合地基的特点及其基本理论和研究现状等方面进行了各方面的阐述，并列举了国内现有的各种计算方法，对其优缺点等各个层面进行了论证，以及对刚性桩复合地基褥垫层厚的确定进行了论证，最后介绍了作者的研究成果，今后需要开展的研究工作以及刚性桩复合地基的发展方向。     

H90/Q195板带复合工艺及结合机制的研究

研究了H90/Q195板异温轧制复合工艺，借助了金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针、X-射线衍射分析了复合工艺参数对轧制复合后的复合板结合强度的影响，确定了最佳复合工艺，并对结合机制进行了探讨。     

基于几何因子的复合材料气动弹性剪裁设计

实现了基于几何因子的复合材料层合板建模,解决了几何因子与Natran的参数输入问题,并根据工艺约束中的最小铺层比例对几何因子可行空间进行了推导补充。在此基础上,提出了一种基于几何因子和Nastran的复合材料气动弹性剪裁优化设计方法。首先以总厚度和几何因子作为设计变量以及以Nastran作为求解器,以强度、刚度、颤振和发散速度以及几何因子相关性约束作为约束条件进行结构寻优,得到最优的铺层总厚度和几何因子。其次,以最优几何因子作为目标,进行铺层结构逆问题求解,约束条件为复合材料铺层工艺约束。因几何因子为铺层厚度和铺层顺序的表达式,与传统的多级优化相比,以几何因子作为设计变量可以避免铺层厚度和铺层顺序的解耦,进而获得更大的设计空间,且得到的铺层结构可以满足工艺约束。最后,对一矩形悬臂复合材料层合板进行剪裁设计,使得铺层结构满足气动弹性约束且质量最小。结果显示,运用该优化方法可以得到质量更小且满足工艺约束的铺层结构。     

Buckling characteristics and layup optimization of long laminated composite cylindrical shells subjected to combined loads using lamination parameters

The buckling characteristics and layup optimization of long laminated composite cylindrical shells subjected to combined loads of axial compression and torsion are examined on the basis of Flügge’s theory. In the buckling analysis of long laminated composite cylindrical shells, 12 lamination parameters are introduced and used as design variables for layup optimization. Applying a variational approach, the feasible region in the design space of the 12 lamination parameters is numerically obtained. The buckling characteristics are discussed in the design space of the 12 lamination parameters. In the layup optimization, the optimum lamination parameters for maximizing the buckling loads and the laminate configurations for realizing the optimum lamination parameters are determined by mathematical programming methods. It is found that in case of combined loads of axial compression and torsion, the optimum laminate configurations are unsymmetric.     

Finite element failure analysis of wires for civil engineering applications with various crack-like laminations

This paper presents the finite element (FE) failure predictions and analyses of a typical wire for civil engineering applications with various crack-like lamination types (Single and double), geometries (straight-end and inclined-end) and orientations (longitudinal, lateral and transverse). FE prediction and analysis of the failure of notched pre-cracked wires with a surface across-the-thickness crack-like lamination validated with experimental results are also presented. The FE predicted fracture shape for the notched pre-cracked wires that consists of a cup and cone fracture shape below the bottom tip of the surface across-the-thickness crack-like lamination agrees with the experimental fracture shape. Wires with the double straight-end and double inclined-end crack-like/line-type laminations exhibit a “slant-middle W” and a “zigzag” fractures respectively. Above and below the lateral mid-width across-the-thickness lamination, the wires with the lateral mid-width across-the-thickness lamination exhibit a combination of a transverse mid-thickness flat fracture that is perpendicular to the lateral mid-width across-the-thickness lamination and negatively inclined slant fractures on each side of the mid-thickness flat fracture at the remaining outer edges of the wire's thickness. On both the front and back sides of the transverse mid-thickness across-the-width lamination, the wires with the transverse mid-thickness across-the-width lamination exhibit a combination of transverse flat fractures parallel to the transverse mid-thickness across-the-width lamination and positively inclined slant fractures at the outer edges of the wire's thickness. FE failure analysis reveals that fracture initiations do not always begin at the termini of every longitudinal crack-like/line-type lamination as reported in a published fractographic failure analysis report of wires with longitudinal crack-like laminations. Fracture initiation only begins at the termini/tip of longitudinal inclined-end crack-like laminations and at the termini/tip of transverse and lateral laminations. FE failure analysis also reveals that wires with single straight-end, double straight-end and double inclined-end longitudinal crack-like/line-type laminations do not exhibit cup and cone fractures as reported. This work further demonstrates the need to employ FE failure analysis as a complimentary or alternative failure analysis approach where the destruction/alteration of the fracture markings by corrosion could affect the accuracy of fractographic failure analysis.     

基于几何因子的复合材料层合板颤振特性

首先实现了基于几何因子的复合材料层合板建模方法,解决了几何因子与Natran的参数输入问题,并通过一个简单算例进行验证。其次,在基于几何因子的层合板建模方法的基础上,采用p-k法计算颤振速度和发散速度,进行基于几何因子的悬臂复合材料层合板颤振和发散特性分析研究,重点研究了主轴刚度和弯扭耦合效应对颤振速度的影响。分析结果表明:相对于弯曲刚度,扭转刚度的改变对颤振速度的影响更显著,且扭转刚度越小,颤振速度越低;颤振模式随着刚度特性的改变有可能发生转变,导致颤振速度的突然变化和几何因子空间内颤振速度等高线的不连续;在正则化刚度矩阵不变的情况下,层合板厚度增加会同时提高颤振速度和发散速度,且颤振速度与发散速度与厚度大致呈线性关系。     

焊接钢管端面分层的磁粉检测工艺

采用常规的磁粉检测工艺检测焊接钢管端面分层存在着局限性,通过对焊接钢管端面分层特点以及对钢管端面磁粉检测特殊性的分析,研究设计了一套采用窄磁极间距并结合单侧斜向分段磁化的磁轭法检测工艺,该工艺为焊接钢管端面分层磁粉检测提供了一套有效的工艺方法。     

Stacking-sequence optimization using fractal branch-and-bound method for unsymmetrical laminates

The fractal branch-and-bound method has been developed by the authors for stacking-sequence optimizations of symmetric and balanced composite laminates comprise of two in-plane and two out-of-plane lamination parameters. Cylindrical structures such as tanks or pipes, however, are usually made from balanced laminates. In the present study, therefore, we focus on the stacking-sequence optimizations of unsymmetrical composite laminates. In the unsymmetrical laminates, nine lamination parameters including three coupling-lamination parameters exist, and its feasible design region of fractal pattern is unrevealed. The paper clarifies the feasible region in which the in-plane, out-of-plane and coupling lamination parameters create fractal patterns of tetrahedrons or tetradecahedrons. Using the fractal patterns of lamination parameters, the improved fractal branch-and-bound method is proposed for unsymmetrical laminates including coupling lamination parameters. This new method is applied to stacking-sequence optimization problems of maximization of buckling load of cylindrical laminated shells. As a result, the method is successfully applied, and a practical optimal stacking sequence is obtained with low computational cost.     

A32/A36船板钢拉伸试验分层缺陷原因分析及冶炼工艺改进

A32/A36船板钢在拉伸试验后出现了分层缺陷。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪对分层缺陷严重的部位进行了分析。结果表明:分层缺陷主要与铸坯中存在元素偏析形成的铌、钛碳化物和硫化物夹杂有关。提出了改进冶炼和轧制工艺等相关措施并应用于实际生产,使废品率由12%降低到5%。     

A design of laminated composite plates using graded orthotropic fiber-reinforced composite plies

A new lamination scheme is proposed through the design of a graded orthotropic fiber-reinforced composite ply for achieving continuous variations of material properties along the thickness direction of laminated composite plates. First, a micro-structure of graded unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite ply is designed and its effective graded elastic properties are estimated using finite element procedure. Next, the new lamination scheme is demonstrated through the conversion of a conventional laminated composite plate (CLCP) into a conventional-graded laminated composite plate (CGLCP) utilizing presently designed graded orthotropic composite ply. The suitability of this conversion/proposed lamination scheme is substantiated through the bending analysis of both the plates (CLCP and CGLCP).     

一种新型的多层复合软包装材料

综述了高阻隔性层合食品软包装的现状及发展趋势。介绍了以ＰＣ为结构层的新型多层复合材料ＰＣ／ＥＶＯＨ／ＰＰ，并评价了它在高阻隔性、高温、高湿、共挤加工等方面的综合性能及用于层含软包装的可行性。     

Graphite-epoxy laminates with almost null coefficient of thermal expansion under a wide range of temperature

A lamination tailoring technique is proposed in order to control a coefficient of thermal expansion of graphite-epoxy composites in a principal direction. This technique consists of two concepts of the thermoelastic invariants and the lamination parameters. The expansion free condition yields to a parabola in the feasible region of the lamination parameters. The calculated curves for a wide range of temperatures intersect almost at a point. A laminate with the lay-up construction corresponding to this point will exhibit an approximately null coefficient of thermal expansion in one direction in that temperature range. Some preliminary experimental results indicate that the present procedure is possible and promising. The tailored material will be appropriate for the space station structure.