红外隐身纤维的性能分析

通过熔融纺丝,制备了一种红外隐身纤维。对红外隐身纤维力学性能及其红外发射性能进行了研究。结果发现:随着拉伸倍数的提高,纤维的强度增加;随着粉体质量分数的增加,纤维的力学性能降低,聚合物组分的结晶度、熔融温度降低;金属粉体和纳米氧化锌粉体都有利于纤维红外发射率的降低,二者在复合使用时具有协同作用;隐身纤维的最低红外发射率可达0.60。     

自卷曲复合长丝PET/PTT纺丝工艺及性能

根据PET、PTT聚合物的特点,介绍了PET/PTT复合长丝的纺丝成形工艺,测试分析了PET/PTT长丝的截面与纵向形态、卷曲形态、热收缩率及其拉伸力学性能。实验结果表明：制得的PET/PTT长丝是以PET和PTT平行并列的双侧结构构成的复合长丝;该长丝经热处理后形成了永久性三维卷曲形态及结构;沸水处理后PET/PTT复合长丝的初始模量、断裂强度有所降低,断裂伸长增大;该复合长丝中PET与PTT的比例对其卷曲性能、弹性回复率、拉伸力学性能、沸水收缩率等都有较大的影响。     

Preparation and characterization of carbon black/polybutylene terephthalate/polyethylene terephthalate antistatic fiber with sheath–core structure

In this study, antistatic sheath–core composite fibers with the core composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer and a sheath composed of carbon black/polybutylene terephthalate (CB/PBT) polymer were fabricated using a conjugate spinning process. CB powders of various particle sizes were compounded with PBT polymers to prepare the antistatic CB/PBT pellets, and their electrical resistivities strongly depended on the intrinsic properties and dispersion of CB powders. The CB/PBT/PET fibers consisted of well-mixed CB powders within the polymer matrix showed an outstanding antistatic function, and they were employed to manufacture an antistatic glove with commercial acrylic yarns for practical applications. The antistatic glove with a reliable washing fastness is capable of being used on capacitive touch panels of smart phones, tablets, and other wearable electronic devices. This approach offers new possibilities for a variety of textile applications requiring antistatic properties.     

A comparative study on performance characteristics of multicomponent core-spun yarns containing cotton/PET/elastane

Abstract

This paper experimentally investigated the characteristics of different (filament and multicomponent) core-spun yarn type. Filament core-spun yarns comprised cotton covered drawn textured (DTY) polyester (PET) filaments with four different filament finenesses. Regarding the production of multicomponent (dual) core-spun yarns, both PET with four different filament finenesses and elastane with four levels of draft variable were fed simultaneously. Yarn samples were produced with modified ring spinning system at the same spinning conditions. As a control group, 100% cotton ring-spun yarn was also manufactured. Tensile properties, unevenness, imperfections and hairiness of yarn samples were determined. Also, fatigue characteristics of yarn samples were examined at two different loading of cycles. The results showed that filament fineness had a significant effect on all yarn properties being determined. Dynamic modulus and dynamic strain properties of yarns, filament fineness, elastane draft and number of cycle were found to be statistically significant at 0.05 level.     

导电炭黑/聚酯复合材料的性能

为探讨导电纤维的纺丝工艺,通过差示扫描量热分析、热重分析、电阻仪、流变仪等对聚酯及导电炭黑填充聚酯复合材料的性能进行表征和测试。结果表明:随着炭黑质量分数的增加,炭黑/聚酯复合材料的玻璃化温度和熔点稍有降低,但结晶温度下降显著,复合材料的热稳定性提高,导电复合材料的表面电阻值趋于饱和;导电复合材料的导电性与炭黑粒子在载体中的分散状态有关,导电复合材料的纺丝成形性能随着炭黑质量分数的增加变得越来越差。     

涤纶弹力纬纱的研制

介绍了子午轮胎帘子布用涤纶弹力纬纱（芯纱）的制造技术。在普通纺丝设备上，合理选择聚酯原料，通过添加改性母粒及选择最佳工艺，生产出具有特殊性能的聚酯长丝，经棉纱包芯后可制成适用于子午轮胎涤纶帘于布用的弹力纬纱。     

涤长丝含量对毛涤嵌入式复合纱性能的影响

研究了涤纶长丝含量对嵌入式复合纺成纱性能的影响.以40 dtex涤纶长丝和毛粗纱为原料,其他纺纱工艺不变,在细纱小样机上通过改变嵌入式复合纱的线密度纺制各种毛涤嵌入式复合纱.随着毛涤嵌入式复合纱线密度的减小,复合纱中的涤纶丝含量逐渐增大,复合纱的断裂强力呈现逐渐减小的趋势,断裂伸长率处于波动的状态,条干CV值有振荡且逐步增大的趋势,毛羽指数变化也呈现出波动状态.相同线密度和捻度的毛涤嵌入式复合纱的成纱强伸性能比纯毛环锭纱优越.     

Reflectance-yarn geometry relation of false-twist textured olive hue poly(ethylene terephthalate) mass dyed yarn in visible–near-infrared region

This study was conducted on the visible–near-infrared camouflage properties of olive hue poly(ethylene terephthalate) multifilament mass dyed yarn textured by two texturizing method (simultaneous and conventional). The effect of thermal process and structural changes on the reflectance, mechanical, and crimp properties of these yarns was studied using the DSC, XRD, and birefringence analyses. It was observed that simultaneously textured mass dyed multifilament yarns have higher crimp properties and lower mechanical properties. Furthermore, the effect of yarns’ geometry in the fabric structure on the reflectance properties was investigated using images of fabric structure. The results showed that the reflectance behavior of fabric sample is affected by two major factors, namely structural and geometrical factors; it is clear that the geometrical factor has a significant effect on the reflectance properties.     

Impact of structural variations in hollow yarn on heat and moisture transport properties of fabrics

The use of hollow/microporous yarns plays an important role in enhancing the thermo‐physiological comfort properties of fabrics. Depending on structural variations in hollow yarn, heat and moisture regulation behaviours of fabrics can be affected significantly. In this study, three types of hollow cotton yarn fabrics, produced by introducing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filament in the core, PVA staple fibres in the blend and PVA filament in doubling with cotton spun yarn, are studied. All three types of pre‐hollow yarns and reference yarns are made with a variation in spinning technique (single roving/double roving) to prepare eight single jersey knitted fabrics. The hollow/microporous structure of the yarn is created by dissolving the PVA fibres using hot washing of the fabrics. On overall evaluation of the fabric’s thermo‐physiological comfort properties, the doubled hollow yarn fabrics are found to be better than other fabrics. In general, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, wicking and drying properties of all types of hollow yarn fabrics increase after repeated laundering, while air permeability, water vapour permeability and water absorbency of hollow yarn fabrics mostly decrease. In contrast with fabrics made from yarn produced through single roving technique, use of double roving technique only improves fabric water vapour permeability.     

皮芯结构微纳米纤维复合纱线的制备及其性能

为探究纺丝液质量分数对皮芯结构微纳米纤维复合纱线结构与性能的影响,利用双针头水浴静电纺丝法连续制备了以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)长丝为芯、外包聚酰胺6(PA6)的皮芯结构微纳米纤维复合纱线,通过扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪和万能材料试验机对其形貌结构、热性能和力学性能等进行测试与表征。结果表明:不同PA6纺丝液质量分数制备的微纳米纤维复合纱线均具有良好的皮芯结构;当PA6纺丝液质量分数从10%提高到20%时,纳米纤维复合纱线的平均直径从(61.99±13.08) nm增加到(150.22±21.53) nm,结晶度由16.28%提高至20.63%;当PA6纺丝液质量分数为20%时复合纱线的结晶度达到了常规PA6纤维的结晶范围,增加纺丝液质量分数一定程度上可提高复合纱线的力学性能。     

Comparison of the properties of Ring,Solo, and Siro core‐spun yarns

In this research, core‐spun yarns with an acrylic sheath fiber and a nylon flat core have been produced on the Ring, SIRO, and Solo spinning systems and the effects of some factors were investigated. The studied factors consist of filament pre‐tension (i.e. 1, 7/5, 10, 15, 50, and 100 g), spinning system (Ring, SIRO, and Solo), and feed position of the core filament in the strands of sheath fibers (six types of feed positions). Also, their physical and mechanical properties, including strength, elongation percentage, abrasion resistance, percentage of coefficient of variation (CV%), and hairiness, were all investigated. Finally, in each stage, the best case was determined. The results show that the quality of the core‐spun yarns produced by the SIRO spinning system is better than that of the Ring and Solo core‐spun yarns.     

钛系聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的增黏行为及其性能

为了拓宽钛系聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)在聚酯工业丝领域的应用,通过超高效聚合物色谱-多角度激光光散射联用法研究其在不同温度下的增黏行为,建立增黏温度与钛系PET分子质量及其分布的关系,并利用紫外-可见分光光度计和差示扫描量热仪研究增黏PET的色相和热性能。结果表明:钛系PET分子质量随增黏温度的升高而升高,且色相受温度影响明显;增黏所需时间随温度升高而下降,270 ℃反应20 min的钛系PET重均分子量与220 ℃反应10 h时的相当,分子质量升高导致聚酯结晶性能和熔点下降;增黏温度超过熔点后,分子质量分布随温度升高而变窄,且分子质量可达到聚酯工业丝要求,高分子质量窄分布钛系聚酯的研究对其在工业丝领域的应用具有重要意义。     

亲水抗静电共混聚酯母粒的制备及其性能

为改善聚酯纤维的吸湿性和抗静电性,将具有高吸水性的纳米级聚丙烯酸钠粒子与常规聚酯混合制备共混母粒,对共混母粒的热性能、熔融结晶性能、亲水性能和流变性能进行了表征。结果表明,高吸水性微粉的加入明显改善了聚酯的亲水性,且其热稳定性与普通聚酯相近。然后用一定比例共混母粒与常规聚酯混合进行熔融纺丝,并研究了共混纤维的吸湿性和抗静电性。高吸水性微粉的加入使共混聚酯结晶速率提高,亲水性改善,纤维的吸湿性、抗静电性提高;当聚丙烯酸钠的添加量为0.4%时,可制得力学性能优良且回潮率达到2.09%、体积比电阻达到2.3 ×10⁹Ω?cm的纤维。     

长丝超喂率对转杯纺复合纱外观与结构的影响

介绍了转杯纺复合纱的纺纱原理,并在经过改装的转杯纺纱机上,通过调整涤纶长丝的超喂率生产不同外观和结构的转杯纺复合纱。经纱线外观和结构的测试分析,表明长丝超喂率对转杯纺复合纱中长丝的几何位置和空间形态有显著的影响。     

摩擦纺包芯纱织物性能测试分析

对棉包涤纶长丝摩擦纱、棉包锦纶高弹丝摩擦纱、棉包锦纶全牵伸丝摩擦纱以及棉包粘胶长丝摩擦纱四种平纹织物的性能进行了试验研究 ,并将它们与纯棉环锭纱和纯棉摩擦纱的平纹织物的性能进行了比较分析。研究结果表明 ,棉包涤纶长丝摩擦纱织物和棉包锦纶高弹丝摩擦纱织物在服用、舒适等方面均优于环锭纱织物。这两种摩擦纺包芯纱织物作为服用织物具有良好的发展前景     

Investigating the production and properties of Ag/TiO2/PP antibacterial nanocomposite filament yarns

In this research, investigating the possibility of producing, processing and also characterization of antibacterial organic/inorganic nanocomposite polypropylene fiber has been presented. For this purpose, PP powder and inorganic nanocomposite filler were mixed using a twin screw extruder and modified granule was produced. After producing as-spun filament yarns by a pilot plant melt spinning machine at the take-up speed of 2000 m/min, samples were drawn, textured and finally weft knitted. Physical and structural properties of as-spun and drawn yarns with constant and variable draw ratios were investigated. The experimental results revealed that the crystallinity reduction of modified as-spun yarns could be compensated by drawing process. Tensile properties of modified drawn yarns with the variable draw ratio were higher than the pure PP, whereas the inverse observation was noticed in the case of constant draw ratio. The investigation of antimicrobial activity showed a high percentage of biostatic efficiency on the modified samples.     

丙纶/玄武岩包缠纱的研制

利用平行纺纱技术,选择合理的工艺参数,研制成包覆效果好且性能较优异的丙纶/玄武岩包缠纱。对丙纶/玄武岩包缠纱进行强力、耐磨性能等测试,结果表明包缠纱的强力、耐磨性、纱线表面毛羽、手感等性能均较其单一长丝的性能优异。将丙纶/玄武岩包缠纱用于热塑性复合材料的制备有利于提高材料的各项均匀性。     

Structures and flammability properties of polyethylene terephthalate(PET) fibers containing encapsulated carbon materials

In this paper, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon microspheres (CMSs) have been microencapsulated to obtain microencapsulated carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) and microencapsulated carbon microspheres (MCMSs). Moreover, a series of PET fibers with CNTs/CMSs or MCNTs/MCMSs were prepared by melt spinning. Morphologic structures, mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties of MCNTs/MCMSs /PET fibers have been studied by TEM, SEM, electronic tension meter, DSC, TG, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and vertical flammability instruments. The results show that the tensile strength of MCNTs/MCMSs/PET fibers are increased because of better dispersion and compatibility of MCNTs/MCMSs in PET and enhanced orientation degrees of fibers, compared with CNTs/CMSs/PET fibers. Moreover, the highest values of mechanical properties are observed with 0.4 wt% content. Meanwhile, the MCNTs/MCMSs/PET fibers have good thermal stabilities and their fabrics have higher LOI value of 25.3%, reaching B1 class of China standard GB 17591-2006. Overall, this method endowed the MCNTs/MCMSs/PET fibers with the good mechanical and flame-retardant properties.     

聚酯长丝/棉复合纱斜纹织物的保形性及服用性能

为研究聚酯(PET)长丝/棉复合纱斜纹织物的保形性及服用性能,利用PET长丝与纯棉纱开发了3种线密度为9.8 tex的纱线,并以二上二下斜纹组织织造了4种织物。对织物进行了折皱回复性、免烫性、尺寸稳定性、悬垂性等保形性能,强伸性、拉伸弹性、顶破性等抗变形性测试,以及手感风格、透湿性、透气性等服用性能测试。对比分析了纯棉纱织物与复合纱织物的保形性与服用性能。结果表明:PET长丝/棉复合纱可改善纯棉织物的折皱回复性、悬垂性,提高免烫等级,同时又不影响织物的服用性能;包芯纱织物比包缠纱织物有更好的保形性,更高的免烫等级,是免烫衬衫面料的理想选择。     

白色导电涤纶的开发

通过含金属盐的聚醚酯粉末与PET切片的共聚反应制得导电母粒,导电母粒与PET切片以不同的配比共混纺丝制备出导电PET纤维。研究导电母粒质量分数对纤维电阻率的影响以及导电纤维的力学性能、水洗失重率、结晶度和染色性能等,探讨纤维的结构和导电机制。结果表明:纤维中导电母粒质量分数为38%、导电粉末质量分数为9.5%时,由工业纺丝机制得的导电纤维的电阻率为1.43×105Ω.cm,且力学性能、水洗失重率、染色性能优良,具有工业化前景。