Developing and distributing network based engineering solutions

The need to have easy access to the solutions of a variety of frequently occurring engineering problems, has resulted in the development of a wealth of tools ranging from engineering handbooks to sophisticated desktop engineering software. In this paper, we examine the use of internet/intranet-based methods for providing the tools that are commonly needed by engineers in their daily work. Using the World Wide Web as the distribution medium and the Internet browser as the execution environment, Sun Microsystem's Java technology provides the foundation for the development of an Engineer's Tool Box (ETB) that provides a framework whereby independent engineering software tools are linked, managed, and accessed globally via the Internet. Individual applications are developed to address specific engineering problems using simple, straightforward interfaces and are linked into the distributed ETB framework to solve more complex problems. The capabilities and limitations of the Java platform for developing and supporting such Internet based distributed engineering software tools are discussed herein.     

Grids and Grid technologies for wide‐area distributed computing

The last decade has seen a substantial increase in commodity computer and network performance, mainly as a result of faster hardware and more sophisticated software. Nevertheless, there are still problems, in the fields of science, engineering, and business, which cannot be effectively dealt with using the current generation of supercomputers. In fact, due to their size and complexity, these problems are often very numerically and/or data intensive and consequently require a variety ofheterogeneous resources that are not available on a single machine. A number of teams have conducted experimental studies on the cooperative use of geographically distributed resources unified to act as a single powerful computer. This new approach is known by several names, such as metacomputing, scalable computing, global computing, Internet computing, and more recently peer‐to‐peer or Grid computing. The early efforts in Grid computing started as a project to link supercomputing sites, but have now grown far beyond their original intent. In fact, many applications can benefit from the Grid infrastructure, including collaborative engineering, data exploration, high‐throughput computing, and of course distributed supercomputing. Moreover, due to the rapid growth of the Internet and Web, there has been a rising interest in Web‐based distributed computing, and many projects have been started and aim to exploit the Web as an infrastructure for running coarse‐grained distributed and parallel applications. In this context, the Web has the capability to be a platform for parallel and collaborative work as well as a key technology to create a pervasive and ubiquitous Grid‐based infrastructure. This paper aims to present the state‐of‐the‐art of Grid computing and attempts to survey the major international efforts in developing this emerging technology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无线传感器网络云仿真平台架构设计

无线传感器（WSN）已经成为当前的研究热门,但是仿真实验平台的建设较为滞后。受资金、环境、信息的局限,当前对传感器网络的研究多停留在理论上,实验方法和实验结果不具有通用性,权威性,影响了传感器网络协议的标准化、工业化进程。本文在详细分析现有仿真软件利弊的基础上,提出一个无线传感器网络云仿真平台,利用互联网技术和虚拟化技术,构建了包含交互中心、计算中心和存储中心的分布式云架构,从根本上解决现有软件在可用性、兼容性、易部署管理性上存在的问题,总结并提出传感器网络协议仿真平台未来的发展趋势和开发任务。     

Editorial: Internetware in Motion

The Internet provides a global open infrastructure for exchanging and sharing of various resource all over the world. The rapid development and wide application of the Internet makes it a new mainstream platform to use, develop, deploy and execute software systems and applications. With the vision of "Internet as a computer", many technical initiatives such as pervasive computing, grid computing, service computing and cloud computing emerges on this open and dynamic environment. In order to support the various new application styles and accommodate the fundamental change of the underlying infrastructure, many specific software technologies such as service-oriented architecture are proposed for current practices. While these technologies are useful and widely accepted, they have not formed a systematic solution as matured as the object-oriented technology, as a uniformed software methodology and technology system is yet to be developed.     

Networked Knowledge and Complex Networks: An Engineering View

Along with the development of information technologies such as mobile Internet, information acquisition technology, cloud computing and big data technology, the traditional knowledge engineering and knowledge-based software engineering have undergone fundamental changes where the network plays an increasingly important role. Within this context, it is required to develop new methodologies as well as technical tools for network-based knowledge representation, knowledge services and knowledge engineering. Obviously, the term “network” has different meanings in different scenarios. Meanwhile, some breakthroughs in several bottleneck problems of complex networks promote the developments of the new methodologies and technical tools for network-based knowledge representation, knowledge services and knowledge engineering. This paper first reviews some recent advances on complex networks, and then, in conjunction with knowledge graph, proposes a framework of networked knowledge which models knowledge and its relationships with the perspective of complex networks. For the unique advantages of deep learning in acquiring and processing knowledge, this paper reviews its development and emphasizes the role that it played in the development of knowledge engineering. Finally, some challenges and further trends are discussed.      

基于以太网和PCIe的多核DSP开发平台

多核数字信号处理器（DSP）在航空、航天等领域的信号处理系统中应用较广泛,在实际工程应用时,由于JTAG接口的性能限制,存在速度慢、不稳定、难操作等问题,导致开发效率低下并严重影响项目进度。建立了一种以千兆以太网和PCIe作为加载和调试接口的多核DSP软硬件开发平台,包括标准化的硬件模块和软件开发环境,具有易重构、易扩展、不再依赖JTAG接口、兼容多个软件操作系统、资源占用低等优点。以多核DSP TMS320C 6678为例,描述了多片DSP组成的信号处理系统开发中的关键技术,包括商用标准（COTS）模块、系统架构、硬件诊断、软件加载、软件调试等。用该平台可以显著降低使用门槛,大幅度提高开发效率。     

面向服务体系架构的研究

在基于分布式应用的互联网技术高速发展的今天,为解决异构平台互联、不同协议系统之间的通信、遗留系统和新增系统接口等等传统技术较难解决的问题,一种被称为"面向服务的体系架构SOA"的软件工程方法应运而生。SOA由于具有基于标准、松散耦合、共享服务、粗粒度和联合控制等优势,比以前的面向过程、面向对象、面向构件的方法能够更好地解决前述问题而日益受到软件理论界和业界的青睐。该文从概念介绍开始,逐步深入探讨SOA作为一种新型软件架构的基本特征和优点,详细介绍了SOA参考架构中的三个角色和三种操作,以及组成SOA的四个关键元素;然后把SOA与传统的软件架构进行比较,说明了SOA的必然性。     

基于可见光视觉图像的路面裂缝识别深度学习方法述评

基于可见光视觉图像的表面裂缝识别为非接触式,不受被测对象材质限制,可在线自动检测,具有速度快、成本低和精度高等优势.首先较为全面地搜集了典型的路面裂缝公开数据集,整理归纳了样本特征及其随机可变影响因素,并比较了传统手工设计特征工程、机器学习和深度学习3种主要裂缝识别方法的优缺点.然后,从网络架构、性能和效果方面着重评述...     

国家气象网络计算应用平台成都分节点的构建与应用

为解决全国气象计算资源地理上分布不均,偏远地区计算资源相对不足的问题,利用网格软件UNICORE部署到成都区域气象中心高性能计算机上,并作为分节点加入到在国家气象网络计算平台,为平台内用户提供计算资源。用户通过宽带网络访问网络计算平台资源。实际应用表明,该平台发挥了良好的资源整合与共享效益,为气象系统防灾减灾气象服务做出了贡献。     

关于云计算的几点思考

云计算是以虚拟化技术为基础,以网络为载体提供基础架构、平台、软件等服务为形式,整合大规模可扩展的计算、存储、数据、应用等分布式计算资源进行协同工作的超级计算模式。云计算技术的出现使得人们可以直接通过网络应用获取软件和计算能力,这一新的模式将会给传统的IT产业带来一场巨大的变革,云计算正在成为一种发展趋势。本文就云计算的发展前景和存在的风险谈几点思考。     

A Modular Collaborative Parallel CFD Workbench

Simulation of physical phenomena on computers has joined engineering mechanics theory and laboratory experimentation as the third method of engineering analysis design. It is in fact the only feasible method for analyzing many critically important phenomena, e.g., quenching, heat treating, full scale phenomena, etc. With the rapid maturation of inexpensive parallel computing technology, and high performance communications, there will emerge shortly a totally new, highly interactive computing/simulation environment supporting engineering design optimization. This environment will exist on the Internet employing interoperable software/hardware infrastructures emergent today. A key element of this will involve development of computational software enabling utilization of all HPCC advances. This paper introduces the concept and details the development of a user-adapted computational simulation software platform prototype on the Internet.     

支持现场建档系统的异质数据传输软件平台

普适计算是计算模式的发展趋势。现场建档系统是其中一类重要应用，这通常需要在多台设备间互通性质不同的数据。为实现功能重用，加快建档系统的开发，提出一种支持异质数据通讯的软件平台，采用“订阅/发布”模式支持传输关系的动态调整及系统的易扩展性；针对异质数据设计不同传输结构保证传输的高效；平台的调用接口屏蔽了数据传输的实现细节，简单易用。该平台已成功用于课堂建档系统，验证了它在现场建档系统构建中的功用。     

互联网时代软件技术的现状与趋势

互联网的快速发展和延伸引发了信息技术和信息产业的新一轮变革,把软件和互联网紧密结合在一起,互联网环境下软件即服务的理念已经开始改变软件研发乃至整个产业的格局。本文回顾现有基于网络的新型计算范型和应用模式,探讨了软件模型、软件运行平台和支撑机制、软件开发方法和软件质量评价与保障体系的现状发展与趋势,讨论并开展了展望下一步的研究工作。     

Software environment for implementing engineering applications on MIMD computers

In this paper the concept for a software environment for developing engineering application systems for multiprocessor hardware (MIMD) is presented. The philosophy employed is to solve the largest problems possible in a reasonable amount of time, rather than solve existing problems faster. In the proposed environment most of the problems concerning parallel computation and handling of large distributed data spaces are hidden from the application program developer, thereby facilitating the development of large-scale software applications. Applications developed under the environment can be executed on a variety of MIMD hardware; it protects the application software from the effects of a rapidly changing MIMD hardware technology.     

基于XML/Web服务的分布式电子商务系统的研究

传统分布式计算技术CORBA,DCOM和RMI不适合于在松散耦合、异构的、有防火墙的Internet网络环境下进行电子商务应用系统的设计开发,而基于XML/Web服务的分布式电子商务系统则满足了远程的数据交互、异构平台上不同应用间相互通讯以及穿越防火墙等一系列复杂的功能需求。文中主要针对电子商务系统结构、异构数据集成、公共数据格式等几个关键性问题进行了深入的研究,从而解决在Internet/Intranet环境下构建基于XML/Web服务的跨平台的分布式电子商务应用系统中所存在的问题。     

Distributed computing for multidisciplinary design optimization using Java

The programming language Java (recently referred to as the computer language of the Web) offers substantial possibilities for the type of complex engineering problems typically encountered in multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) problems. In order to demonstrate the potential uses of Java for MDO problems, this paper presents the development of the Web Interface for complex engineering design (WICkED) software, which simulates the convergence of a decomposed complex system in a distributed computing environment and computes the sensitivity derivatives of the system with respect to the independent input variables using the GSE method or the finite difference method. In this application, one computer is designated as the server and sends out required inputs to a number of client subsystems over the Internet. A number of client computers can connect to the server and then receive the inputs necessary to calculate the solution to their model. As the code necessary to solve the model already exists at the client, only the inputs have to be sent over the network. When the client has solved the calculation, it returns the results to the server which processes the result to produce new inputs.WICkED is written entirely in the Java programming language which allows server and clients to exist on completely different computer types and in heterogeneous, distributed networks. A number of parametric studies on the behaviour of complex systems in a distributed environment are performed and the results are reported in this paper. This research serves to identify potential problems as well as advantages in using Java for MDO applications.     

基于云计算平台的物联网数据挖掘研究

随着社会的不断发展,信息产业已经逐渐成为了国民经济发展的重要支柱,而物联网作为新一代信息技术的重要组成部分成为推动人类文明向智能化方向发展的关键技术。物联网中的数据挖掘是物联网技术中重要的一环,是未来物联网应用数量大规模增长后对物联网产业的强力补充,本文分析了物联网数据的特点以及物联网数据挖掘存在的困难,以及云计算的出现为物联网数据挖掘提供了重要思路,文中论断云计算为物联网提供了最具计算力和存储力的平台,并创新性的提出物联网云的概念。另外,在对平台可行性及性能进行分析的过程中,本文提出了数据转换器、开放平台接口等思路,使整个平台有更好的扩展性,方便第三方开发和测试。目前,物联网应用的整体生态系统面临很多挑战,产业链中的不同人群也面临着不同问题,本文也给物联网中这些问题的解决提供了很好的思路。     

高通量众核处理器设计

【目的】随着云计算、物联网以及人工智能等新型高通量应用的迅速兴起,高性能计算的主要应用从传统的科学与工程计算为主逐步演变为以新兴数据处理为核心,这给传统处理器带来了巨大的挑战,而高通量众核处理器作为面向此类应用的新型处理器结构成为重要的研究方向。【方法】针对上述问题,本文分析了高通量典型应用特征,从数据处理端、传输端以及存储端三个核心环节开展了高通量众核处理器关键技术设计探讨,包括实时任务动态调度、高密度片上网络设计、片上存储层次优化等。【结果】实验结果显示上述机制可以有效确保任务的服务质量,提升网络的数据吞吐率,以及简化片上存储层次。【结论】随着万物互联时代对高并发强实时处理的迫切需求,高通量众核处理器有望成为未来数据中心的核心处理引擎。     

Industrial Design and Development Software System Architecture Based on Model-Based Systems Engineering and Cloud Computing

Oriented to the new generation of cyber-physical manufacturing, this paper introduces two breakthroughs of industrial design and development software system: model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and cloud computing. Based on the classic V model for product development, an MBSE double-Vs model is refined which takes both model life-cycle and product life-cycle into consideration for design process re-engineering. Then cloud computing and its re-structuring on traditional industrial software system are discussed. Shift from classic single approach, this research proposes an industrial design and development software system architecture based on model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and cloud computing. The new architecture is shown in a stereoscopic way which amply utilizes the respective advantages of MBSE and cloud computing. At the end of the paper, as an example of actual cases, a flight management system (FMS) design and development platform is detailed to verify the effectiveness of this new architecture. The implement of new system architecture creates an efficient collaborative mechanism for FMS developing.