PLLA/PBLG嵌段共聚物的合成及其结构表征

以L-丙交酯(LLA)为原料,在催化剂辛酸锡酯Sn(Oct)2的作用下,利用聚(γ-谷氨酸苄酯)的活性端氨基引发LLA进行开环聚合,合成了聚L-丙交酯 (PLLA)与聚(γ-谷氨酸苄酯)(PBLG)的共聚物,对反应条件的各项因素进行了讨论,确定了最佳反应条件是:m(催化剂):m(PBLG)=1:1;反应温度120℃;反应时间6h.并利用红外、核磁和凝胶渗透色谱方法对产物的结构进行表征.结果表明,所制备的共聚物为PLLA/PBLG/PLLA三嵌段共聚物.     

聚谷氨酸苄酯与丙烯酰胺共聚物的制备与性能研究

用烯丙基胺引发γ-苄酯-L-谷氨酸-N-羧酸酐(Bz-L-Glu-NCA)开环聚合得到了端烯丙基的聚谷氨酸苄酯(A-PBLG),A-PBLG不仅具有聚谷氨酸苄酯良好的生物相客性及降解产物无毒等优点,还拥有了可与药物或者其它基体材料可反应的功能基团.采用紫外光聚合法将亲水性能良好的丙烯酰胺(AM)引入A-PBLG制备出两...     

聚L-谷氨酸酯手性膜制备及其拆分对羟基苯甘氨酸

采用N-羧基内酸酐合成法,分别合成了不同分子量的聚L-谷氨酸甲酯、聚L-谷氨酸乙酯以及聚L-谷氨酸苄酯.将聚L-谷氨酸甲酯、聚L-谷氨酸乙酯以及聚L-谷氨酸苄酯制备成手性固膜,利用扫描电镜表征其结构.研究了不同分子量的聚L-谷氨酸酯、渗析溶剂中不同乙腈含量、原料液浓度、渗析时间、温度等对拆分对羟基苯甘氨酸外消旋体的影响.在优选的实验条件下,这些膜对对羟基苯甘氨酸的手性拆分的e.e.值可达45%以上,且聚L-谷氨酸甲酯聚L-谷氨酸乙酯聚L-谷氨酸苄酯.该研究为对羟基苯甘氨酸外消旋体的分离制备,提供了新的研究途径.     

端烯丙基-聚谷氨酸苄酯的合成与表征

γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸-N-羧酸酐(Bz-L-Glu-NCA)在二烯丙基胺的引发作用下进行阴离子开环聚合得到端烯丙基-聚谷氨酸苄酯(A-PBLG).通过红外、氢谱、GPC等手段对A-PBLG进行了表征,结果表明Bz-L-Glu-NCA在二烯丙基胺的引发作用下主要按照"胺中间体"机理进行阴离子开环聚合得到A-PBLG.     

两亲聚L-丙氨酸-聚乙二醇单甲醚嵌段共聚物的合成及表征

利用L-丙氨酸和三聚光气反应制备了N-羧基-丙氨酸-环内酸酐(NCA)。以聚乙二醇单甲醚(M PEG)为原料,制备了端氨基聚乙二醇单甲醚(M PEG-NH2),并以此作为大分子引发剂,引发NCA开环聚合,合成了不同含量的聚L-丙氨酸-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物(PLAM)。利用IR、NM R、DSC等方法对共聚物结构进行了表征,同时利用圆二色光谱(CD)考察了聚合物材料在水溶液中的二级结构。结果表明,M PEG-NH2引发NCA开环聚合得到的是嵌段共聚物,CD测试结果表明共聚物在水溶液中主链以α-螺旋构象存在,聚L-丙氨酸分子中引入亲水性聚乙二醇单甲醚能够改善材料的亲水性能。     

端基保护法制备端羟基聚四氢呋喃-环氧乙烷二嵌段共聚醚

以高氯酸银/苄溴(Ag Cl O4/C6H5CH2Br)引发四氢呋喃(THF)阳离子开环聚合制备出苄基单端保护聚四氢呋喃(Bn O-PTHF)。以氢化钠(Na H)改性端基保护的PTHF制备大分子醇钠引发剂,引发环氧乙烷(EO)阴离子开环聚合。通过脱除保护基,制备了相对分子质量可控、窄分布的端羟基聚四氢呋喃-环氧乙烷二嵌段共聚醚(PTHF-PEG)。研究了反应条件对相对分子质量的影响,并确定了聚合工艺——0℃避光引发制备Bn O-PTHF;1379 k Pa,75℃反应8h制备PTHF-PEG。用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱等对产物结构进行了分析测定,并采用凝胶渗透色谱-多角度激光光散射联用仪对聚合物相对分子质量进行了表征。结果表明,产物相对分子质量可控(珚Mn=7880,珚Mw/珚Mn=1.12),制备的二嵌段共聚醚与设计结构一致。     

POSS为核的高臂数星型杂化聚乳酸的合成

首先合成了含有8个羟基、结构极为对称的八聚[2-(2-羟基乙氧基)二甲基硅氧基]倍半硅氧烷,再以其为核引发D,L-丙交酯发生开环聚合,制备了含有八臂聚乳酸的星型有机-无机杂化POSS-PDLLA材料,通过FTIR、1H-NMR、GPC、DSC和TGA等手段对八羟基倍半硅氧烷和POSS-PDLLA杂化材料的化学结构和性能等进行了表征。结果表明,成功合成了单分散性的八羟基倍半硅氧烷,而POSS-PDLLA杂化聚合物分子量分布极窄(小于1.1)、玻璃化转变温度为43.6℃、热稳定性良好,具有与线性聚乳酸截然不同的特性。     

端氨基聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物的合成及表征

以聚乙二醇为原料,采用四步反应,合成了二碳酸二叔丁酯单保护的氨基聚乙二醇(BOC-PEG-NH2);并以DOe-PEG-NH2为引发剂,引发丙交酯开环聚合,得到了叔丁氧基酰胺基聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物(BOC-PEG-PLA).在三氟乙酸二氯甲烷溶液中,脱去保护基团,得到了端氨基聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物(NH2-PEG-PLA).采用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、紫外光度仪(UV)表征各聚合物的结构,由凝胶色谱仪(GPC)测定嵌段共聚物的分子量以及分子量分布.结果表明:合成的氨基引发在无催化剂条件下能够引发丙交酯开环聚合,制得分子量高、分子量分布窄的双亲性共聚物.通过三氟乙酸脱保护得到了端氨基聚乙二醇-一聚乳酸(NH2-PEG-PLA),且对分子量没有影响.     

聚(天冬氨酸-co-乳酸)的合成及结构与性能

由聚(琥珀酰亚胺-乳酸)的碱溶液水解反应制备了含有亲水性羧基的聚(天冬氨酸-co-乳酸)(PAL)。用IR、NMR、DSC、元素分析等方法表征了PAL的组成和结构。结果表明,PAL中的聚乳酸链段为间同立构或无规立构,由此推断丙交酯在开环聚合反应时发生了酯交换或链转移反应,导致聚乳酸链段产生消旋现象;聚合反应机理是羟基引发的聚合,获得了无定型态聚合物PAL。由于共聚反应中丙交酯熔体的蒸发损耗,合成的PAL中聚天冬氨酸的含量高于理论值。     

聚己内酯/聚磷酸酯嵌段共聚物的合成及胶束的制备

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,N-叔丁氧羰基乙醇胺(Boc-NHCH2CH2OH)为引发剂引发ε-己内酯(ε-CL)开环聚合制备了端羟基聚己内酯(Boc-PCL-OH),然后用Boc-PCL-OH引发磷酸酯(EEP)单体开环聚合制备了聚己内酯/聚磷酸酯(BocPCL-b-PEEP)嵌段共聚物。利用核磁共振(1H-NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对共聚物结构进行了表征。以芘作荧光探针,研究了嵌段共聚物胶束的形成及临界胶束浓度(CMC)),利用动态光散射(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)分别研究了胶束的粒径分布和形态。结果表明,Boc-NHCH2CH2OH能够引发ε-CL得到Boc-PCL-OH,Boc-PCL-OH能引发EEP开环聚合得到相对分子质量分布在1.08~1.09的嵌段共聚物,在一定条件下嵌段共聚物能够形成单分散的100nm左右的球形胶束,临界胶束浓度(CMC)和胶束粒径随着PEEP链段的增长而减小。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.