氨等离子体离子注入改性Ti-O薄膜表面

在Ti-O薄膜表面固定粘连可以使其内皮化。然而欲在Ti-O薄膜表面实现生物分子固定，必须对Ti-O薄膜表面进行活化改性，比如引入具有反应性的官能团。采用非平衡磁控溅射设备制备了Ti-O薄膜，随后用等离子体浸没离子注入（PⅢ）技术对Ti-O薄膜表面进行等离子体活化改性，处理气体为氨气。并分别用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对注入后的样品表面形貌、表面成分进行分析。结果表明，有一定量的氨基被引入到材料表面。     

两种不同结构TiO2薄膜生物活化能力比较

采用非平衡磁控溅射法制备了2种不同结构的TiO2薄膜，对所得TiO2薄膜分别运用碱处理和酸处理2种化学方法进行表面处理，期望在材料表面获得羟基活性基团。运用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）等手段研究了薄膜的表面结构、成分等。利用傅立叶红外技术（FTIR）对活化处理前后样品表面的羟基基团进行检测，同时利用四探针测试仪对薄膜的电阻率进行了测量。结果表明，运用碱处理和酸处理2种方法，可以在锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜表面形成活性羟基基团；相比于金红石型TiO2薄膜，锐钛矿型具有较好的羟基活化能力。     

氧化钛薄膜表面羟基活化能力及对生物相容性的影响

采用非平衡磁控溅射法制备了3种不同结构的TiO2薄膜,对所得TiO2薄膜运用碱处理方法进行表面处理,期望在材料表面获得羟基活性基团.运用X射线衍射(XRD)研究了薄膜的表面结构.利用傅里叶红外技术(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等手段对活化处理前后样品表面的羟基基团进行检测,并对活化前后样品进行了内皮细胞培养和血小板黏附实验.结果表明,运用碱处理方法,可以在锐钛矿型以及金红石与锐钛矿的混晶结构TiO2薄膜表面形成活性羟基基团;相比于金红石型TiO2薄膜,混晶结构和锐钛矿型具有较好的羟基活化能力.生物相容性实验表明,碱活化处理后样品表面细胞生长数目多于活化前样品,血小板黏附数量少于活化前样品,表面活性基团的存在有利于提高TiO2薄膜材料的生物相容性.此外,影响TiO2薄膜表面生物活化性能的因素进行了初步探讨.     

Ti-O薄膜的溅射刻蚀微形貌表面对内皮细胞生长的影响

利用磁控溅射合成具有一定特性的Ti-O薄膜,并采用Ar离子溅射刻蚀该薄膜表面.运用原子力显微镜(AFM),X射线衍射(XRD)对刻蚀后的薄膜表面微观形貌、微结构进行表征.结果表明薄膜的结构未发生变化,表面的粗糙度减小.进一步的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)种植实验表明表面粗糙度的变化对内皮细胞的贴附、生长与增殖有很大的影响.     

APTE修饰钛氧膜并固定Ⅰ型胶原对内皮细胞生长的影响

在用磁控溅射合成具有一定特性的TiO2薄膜的基础上，使用一定浓度的NaOH溶液对其表面进行活化，并通过氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTE）偶联固定I型胶原，通过傅立叶红外光谱（PTIR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等检测手段进行材料处理前后表面性质表征．通过人脐静脉内皮细胞种植试验评价内皮细胞在样品表面的粘附和生长行为．研究结果表明：一定特性的TiO2薄膜经NaOH活化后，表面可产生活性的羟基基团；借助羟基，活化后的TiO2薄膜表面可以与硅烷偶联剂实现偶联固定，产生可以利用的活性氨基基团；进一步地，借助偶联剂的氨基基团，Ⅰ型胶原可以连接到TiO2薄膜表面形成涂层．体外内皮细胞培养实验表明，在处理后的TiO2薄膜表面，内皮细胞的粘附性和生长行为获得改善．因此，通过表面活化后涂覆APTE并固定Ⅰ型胶原修饰医用微弹簧圈，使其在体内更容易实现动脉瘤颈部的内皮化，以使动脉瘤与血液循环完全隔绝．     

固体润滑轴承用9Cr18不锈钢离子注入与磁控溅射改性真空摩擦学研究

为了提高空间固体润滑滚动轴承耐磨寿命,采用全方位离子注入和磁控溅射技术对空间固体润滑轴承用9Cr18材料进行耐磨减摩表面改性研究。首先对9Cr18不锈钢试样表面注入N+、Ti+、Ti++N+,对离子注入后试样采用磁控溅射技术沉积MoS2-Ti薄膜。通过测试注入前后试样粗糙度及硬度,评价不同注入离子及无离子注入不同基底材料下溅射MoS2-Ti薄膜的附着力、真空摩擦学、薄膜磨损率等性能。结果表明离子注入通过提高9Cr18不锈钢基底硬度,能够提高复合改性后9Cr18不锈钢材料真空摩擦学性能20%。     

APTE修饰钛氧膜并固定Ⅰ型胶原对其凝血性能的影响

在用磁控溅射合成具有一定特性的TiO2薄膜的基础上,研究了一种表面生物化学方法对其生物学性质的改善.先利用NaOH溶液活化TiO2薄膜表面,,使其产生羟基基团,再通过氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTE)偶联固定I型胶原.采用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对每步处理后的材料表面进行分析和测试.通过血小板粘附试验评价薄膜材料的血栓形成能力.研究结果显示:通过表面活化后涂覆APTE并固定Ⅰ型胶原修饰后的TiO2薄膜表面,其血栓形成能力得到明显提高.     

非平衡磁控溅射沉积TiN/Ti-O复合薄膜机械性能研究

本文利用非平衡磁控溅射设备,采用四种不同的TiN到Ti-O的过渡方式,在Si(100)和Ti6A14V基体上制备了TiN/Ti-O薄膜.采用X射线衍射(XRD)分析薄膜的结构;使用AMBIOSXP-2台阶仪检测薄膜应力;利用XDl000B knoop型显微硬度仪、瑞士CSEM销盘摩擦磨损实验机、WS-97系统划痕实验机对薄膜的力学性能进行检测.结果表明,在钛合金表面制备TiN薄膜后,逐渐降低N2流量至0 sccm,沉积一层Ti膜,再用逐渐通入O2制备Ti-O薄膜的工艺制备的TiN/Ti-N/Ti/Ti-O薄膜具有较好的力学性能.     

离子注入改善纳米二氧化钛薄膜光催化性能

利用直流磁控反应溅射技术在玻璃衬底上制备了透明的纳米TiO2光催化薄膜。利用离子注入技术将Sn离子注入到TiO2表面以提高其光催化活性。用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子谱（XPS）以及UV－VIS分光光度计对薄膜进行结构与性能表征。Sn离子注入后的薄膜具有更高的光催化活性，这是因为在TiO2和SnO2半导体的复合体系中，电子－空穴对的分离变得更加有效，从而提高了其催化性能。     

射频磁控溅射法制备Al2(WO4)3薄膜和负热膨胀性能研究

采用WO3和Al2O3陶瓷靶材,以双靶交替射频磁控溅射法,在石英基片上沉积制备了Al2（WO4）3薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,研究了退火温度对Al2（WO4）3薄膜的相组成和表面形貌的影响,采用表面粗糙轮廓仪和划痕仪测量薄膜厚度,探索了薄膜的制备工艺以及薄膜与基片的结合力,采用高温X射线衍射和晶胞参数指标化软件,初步研究了薄膜热膨胀特性。实验结果表明：磁控溅射沉积制备的这种薄膜为非晶态,表面平滑、致密,随着热处理温度的升高,薄膜开始结晶且膜层颗粒增大,在950℃热处理10min后得到Al2（WO4）3薄膜,薄膜与基片的结合力为13．6N,薄膜物质热膨胀特性呈各向异性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.