硫酸盐掺杂对KDP晶体生长的影响

SO2-4是KDP原料中一种常见的杂质离子,通过传统降温法和“点籽晶”快速生长法研究了掺杂K2SO4的KDP晶体的生长.实验表明,硫酸根低浓度掺杂时可提高溶液的稳定性,促进晶体的生长,造成柱面扩展;高浓度时溶液稳定性遭到破坏,出现杂晶,晶体生长速度变慢,晶体出现开裂,柱面发生“楔化”.     

DCTA对KDP晶体的快速生长与光学性能的影响

环己二胺四乙酸(DCTA)作为一种新型添加剂被加入到KDP晶体生长溶液中。采用“点籽晶”快速生长技术, 在掺杂100×10^-6 DCTA的饱和溶液中, 生长了KDP晶体, 生长速度达20 mm/d。研究了这种新型添加剂DCTA对快速生长的KDP晶体的生长习性和光学质量的影响, 并与常用添加剂EDTA的影响效果进行了对比。研究发现, 在KDP晶体生长溶液中添加100×10^-6 DCTA使生长溶液的亚稳区宽度提高了约10℃, 晶体(100)面的生长速度提高了3~10倍; 生长出的晶体在紫外波段的透过率上升了2~8倍, 晶体内部的光散射大大减轻, 激光损伤阈值也有所提高。添加剂DCTA对KDP晶体生长及性能的改善作用比同等浓度的EDTA更加显著。     

Ca2+离子对 KDP晶体生长习性及性能的影响

Ca^2＋是KDP原料中一种常见的杂质离子，通过传统降温法和“点籽晶”快速生长法研究了Ca^2＋离子对KDP晶体生长习性及性能的影响、实验表明，Ca^2＋低浓度掺杂时对溶液的稳定性及生长过程没有明显的影响；高浓度时溶液稳定性有所降低，经常出现杂品；快速生长时，晶体柱面易出现包藏，晶体的紫外透过呈下降趋势，晶体中散射颗粒密度随掺杂浓度的增加而增大、     

Co2+或Sn4+对MnZn功率铁氧体磁特性的影响研究

用普通陶瓷工艺制备了掺Co2+及Sn4+的MnZn功率铁氧体材料,研究了Co2+及Sn4+杂质掺入对MnZn功率铁氧体磁性能的影响.研究结果表明,由于Co2+具有大的正的磁晶各向异性常数K1,所以可与MnZn功率铁氧体负的K1进行补偿.当CoO掺入量为2×10-3时,可得到在20～120℃温度范围内具有非常平坦功率损耗-温度特性的MnZn功率铁氧体.Co2+的掺入还可以大大改善MnZn功率铁氧体的起始磁导率的温度特性.由于Sn4+掺入MnZn功率铁氧体时,Sn4+进入晶格中,减少了Fe3+Fe2+之间的电子跳跃,提高了材料电阻率.当SnO2掺入量为4×10-4时,可得到具有很低功率损耗的MnZn功率铁氧体材料.     

Na~+对KDP晶体热膨胀及硬度的影响

Na+是KDP原料中一种常见的杂质离子,采用"点籽晶"快速生长法生长了一系列掺杂Na+的KDP晶体,研究了不同掺杂浓度下Na+对KDP晶体热膨胀及硬度的影响。实验表明,随着Na+掺杂浓度的增大,KDP晶体Z向热膨胀系数逐步增大;KDP晶体(001)面的显微硬度整体大于(100)面的硬度,随着Na+掺杂浓度升高,KDP晶体各晶面硬度显著降低。     

掺杂甲紫对KDP晶体溶液稳定性及生长速度影响的研究

首先测定了掺杂不同浓度甲紫条件下KDP晶体的溶解度曲线,发现随着掺杂浓度的增大,KDP晶体的溶解度逐渐减小;进而通过测定不同掺杂条件下KDP溶液的成核诱导期,发现随着甲紫掺杂浓度的增大,溶液的诱导期先增大后减小,说明适量浓度的甲紫掺杂能够增加溶液的稳定性。最后进行了掺杂不同浓度甲紫条件下KDP晶体的生长实验,测量了晶体各向的生长速度,发现晶体各向生长速度均随着掺杂浓度的增大先减小后增大,最终减小,当甲紫掺杂浓度为0.1%mol/L时,KDP晶体各向生长速度最快。     

硫酸盐掺杂导致KDP晶体开裂的研究

采用传统降温法生长了掺杂不同浓度的SO42-离子KDP晶体,研究分析了晶体的宏观缺陷及开裂形式,从晶体生长角度初步分析了硫酸盐掺杂导致KDP晶体开裂的主要原因。实验表明,随着SO42-离子掺杂浓度的增大,KDP晶体的主要开裂形式是垂直于生长层{101}面的裂纹;晶体中裂纹存在的区域都分布有大量层层平行于生长层的母液包藏。随着SO42-离子掺杂浓度的进一步增大,晶体内包藏呈云雾状分布,裂纹不规则,晶体质量严重下降,透明度降低。     

L-丙氨酸掺杂下KDP晶体成核特性及生长实验研究

通过实验测定了L-丙氨酸掺杂下KDP溶液的亚稳区和诱导期,根据经典成核理论计算了晶体成核的热力学和动力学参数,分析了L-丙氨酸对KDP溶液成核特性的影响。结果表明,随着掺入的L-丙氨酸浓度的增大,KDP的溶解度减小,亚稳区变宽,诱导期变长,溶液更加稳定。采用吊晶法进行了KDP晶体生长实验,发现其(100)面法向生长速度随掺杂浓度增大而减小,在过饱和度σ>0.04时,晶体(100)面的生长以二维成核生长机制为主。     

Cr3+掺杂对快速生长KDP晶体的生长习性和光学性能的影响

采用快速法生长了掺杂不同Cr3+浓度的KDP晶体,测试了KDP晶体(100)面在不同Cr3+掺杂浓度下的生长速度及死区,表征了Cr3+掺杂的KDP晶体的Cr3+元素分布、透过光谱、散射颗粒分布和光损伤阈值.实验表明Cr3+易吸附在晶体(100)面,从而增大了(100)生长死区,并降低了(100)面生长速度.Cr3+使快...     

添加剂DTPA对KDP晶体快速生长及性能的影响研究

在添加1×10^-4 (mol/mol KDP) 二乙烯三胺五乙酸(DTPA)的溶液中, 利用“点籽晶”快速生长法生长了KDP晶体. 实验发现, 添加少量DTPA即可使不同饱和温度下的KDP生长溶液的亚稳区宽度均得到提高. 利用激光偏振干涉装置研究了不同浓度的DTPA对KDP晶体(100)面生长动力学的影响. 发现随DTPA掺杂量增加, 临界过饱和度(死区)一直降低, 生长速度则是先增加经过一个最大值后减小. 表征了晶体的光学透过率和晶体内部的杂质金属离子含量, 发现掺杂1×10^-4 (mol/mol) DTPA大幅提高了快速生长的KDP晶体在紫外区的透过率, 并有效地减少了进入晶体内部的杂质金属离子含量.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。