灵芝孢子油缓解小鼠体力疲劳的作用及其机制研究

为了评价灵芝孢子油缓解小鼠体力疲劳的作用并探究其可能机制。将144只SPF级雄性KM小鼠随机分为4组,即溶剂对照组、灵芝孢子油低、中、高剂量组,每组36只,灌胃30 d。共分为4批,分别用于负重游泳实验(Ⅰ)、肝糖原(Ⅱ)、血乳酸(Ⅳ)以及血清尿素氮、肌糖原及其他指标(腓肠肌HE染色、PAS染色和TUNEL染色)测定(Ⅲ)。结果表明,与溶剂对照组相比,灵芝孢子油中剂量组小鼠负重游泳时间极显著延长(P<0.01);灵芝孢子油各剂量组小鼠的血清尿素氮水平均极显著降低(P<0.01);各组小鼠的肝糖原和肌糖原含量无显著差异(P>0.05);灵芝孢子油各剂量组小鼠的血乳酸曲线下面积均极显著降低(P<0.01)。腓肠肌HE染色结果显示各组均未见明显病理改变。PAS染色结果显示灵芝孢子油高剂量组肌糖原阳性面积显著增加(P<0.05)。TUNEL染色结果显示灵芝孢子油低剂量组凋亡细胞阳性率显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,在本实验条件下,灵芝孢子油具有缓解体力疲劳的作用,其机制可能与减少机体糖原消耗、减轻肌细胞凋亡有关。     

硅藻土吸附梨果汁中棒曲霉素的动力学模型研究

目的寻找一种有效去除梨果汁中棒曲霉素(patulin,PAT)的方法。方法以硅藻土作为吸附剂对梨果汁中棒曲霉素进行吸附,分析了吸附等温线,吸附热力学和动力学特征。结果在35℃下AG-3000#型硅藻土对梨果汁中棒曲霉素具有较好的吸附作用,最高吸附量为1066.152μg/g,最大吸附率为88.8%,且吸附为自发吸热过程。吸附等温线结果显示,棒曲霉素的吸附量随着棒曲霉素初始浓度的增大而增大;吸附热力学特征符合Langmiur吸附等温线模型。吸附动力学结果显示,硅藻土对梨果汁中棒曲霉素的吸附符合准二级速率方程模型。结论 AG-3000#硅藻土适合梨果汁中棒曲霉素的吸附。     

姜黄素光动力技术对扩展青霉生长及分泌棒曲霉素的抑制效果

该研究探究了姜黄素介导的光动力技术对扩展青霉菌丝生长及分泌棒曲霉素的影响。结果表明，固体培养扩展青霉菌丝5 d后活力旺盛，棒曲霉素分泌量增长6.5倍。仅姜黄素短暂处理可轻微抑制菌丝生长及棒曲霉素分泌；而在0.275 W/cm2光剂量下，50~300 μmol/L浓度的姜黄素可显著降低固体培养扩展青霉的菌落直径（0.84 cm）和菌丝质量（68.37 mg），同时棒曲霉素分泌抑制率约为83.85%。接种菌丝的红富士苹果经光动力处理并培养8 d后，病斑直径抑制率与姜黄素浓度呈正相关性，最大抑制率为49.38%；而棒曲霉素在果实内分布与菌丝扩展能力密切相关，病斑比重和棒曲霉素含量分别为0.09%、18.02%。综上，姜黄素介导的光动力技术可显著抑制扩展青霉菌丝生长以及棒曲霉素分泌。     

基于微流控技术的橙黄决明素对HepG2细胞的体外安全性评估

目的 本研究将微流控技术运用到HepG2细胞模型构建及对橙黄决明素的潜在体外安全性评估中。方法 以鼠尾胶原Ⅰ型（1.3 mg/mL）+明胶（7.5%）构建仿真人体微环境,对乙酰氨基酚（APAP）作为阳性对照组,通过不同浓度橙黄决明素对HepG2细胞的增殖活性、活/死细胞染色和功能性生化指标进行体外安全性评估。结果 该平台实现了HepG2细胞的稳定培养与应用,经72 h培养,细胞成团增殖。橙黄决明素连续处理48 h后计算细胞存活率,结果表明随着橙黄决明素浓度的增加,0、50、100和200μmol/L细胞存活率分别为100.0%、95.3%、90.3%和81.6%,与空白对照组比较,尤以200μmol/L差异最为显著（P<0.05）;红色标记的死细胞数量随橙黄决明素浓度增加逐渐增多,绿色标记的活细胞数量则逐渐减少;尿素氮（BUN）含量随着浓度的增加而显著降低,与空白对照组（0μmol/L）比较,50～200μmol/L组差异具有显著性（P<0.05）,且200μmol/L与APAP组BUN含量接近;谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性之间随着浓度的变化均无显著性差异。结论 ...     

姜黄素对幽门螺杆菌及其诱导人胃GES-1细胞损伤的影响

对姜黄素抑制幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,Hp）及其诱导人胃GES-1细胞损伤的影响进行研究。抑菌实验结果显示,姜黄素可明显抑制Hp生长,其最低抑制浓度为200 μmol/L。采用Berthelot显色法检测Hp脲酶活力的变化情况,发现姜黄素对其也有明显的抑制作用,半数抑制浓度为1.735 mmol/L。通过噻唑蓝实验分析姜黄素对人胃GES-1细胞和Hp感染人胃GES-1细胞的影响。结果显示,短时间内（12 h）较低浓度（68 μmol/L）姜黄素对人胃GES-1细胞增殖无明显影响,但姜黄素浓度的增加和作用时间的延长可使细胞存活率明显下降。经68 μmol/L姜黄素作用12 h后,损伤模型组细胞形态有一定程度的复原,细胞存活率略有升高,但不显著（P＞0.05）;高浓度（136、680 μmol/L）姜黄素会导致细胞存活率明显下降。因此,姜黄素对Hp生长和脲酶活力有明显的抑制作用,但不足以缓解Hp对人胃GES-1细胞的损伤作用。     

元宝枫籽油改善脂多糖诱导的小鼠肠道炎症

该研究探讨元宝枫籽油对脂多糖（LPS,3.5 mg/kg）诱导雄性ICR小鼠肠道炎症的改善作用机制。连续7 d灌服元宝枫籽油后观察小鼠体重、结肠的变化,玉米油为对照。酶联免疫法测定血清及结肠中白介素（interleukin,IL）-1β、IL-6、IL-18和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平。qRT-PCR法检测结肠内NOD样受体蛋白3（Nlrp3）,凋亡相关斑点样蛋白（Asc）,半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1（Caspase-1）和Il1β的mRNA水平。元宝枫籽油显著抑制LPS致小鼠体重下降,降低小鼠结肠重量与长度比（p<0.05）。元宝枫籽同时抑制LPS致损伤小鼠血清炎性因子（L-1β：155.66 ng/L、IL-6：75.42 ng/L、IL-18：90.31 ng/L和TNF-α：47.97 ng/L）及结肠炎性因子（IL-1β：188.85 ng/L、IL-6：57.88 ng/L、IL-18：52.29 ng/L和TNF-α：85.69 ng/L）水平;显著降低小鼠结肠髓过氧化物酶水平至81.53 ng/L（vs损伤组：113.59 ng/L,p<0.05）,丙二醛水平至1.04 μmol/g protein（vs损伤组：1.60 μmol/g protein,p<0.05）。此外,与损伤组相比,元宝枫籽油分别抑制Nlrp3（41.80%）、Asc（49.85%）、Caspase-1（31.28%）和Il1β（39.83%）的mRNA表达。综上所述,元宝枫籽油能改善LPS致小鼠肠道炎症反应的机制可能与其抑制结肠内NLRP3小体过度活化有关。     

活性氧与蜡样芽孢杆菌菌膜形成的相关性

为阐明活性氧（ROS）与蜡样芽孢杆菌菌膜形成的相关性,以市售原料奶中分离的蜡样芽孢杆菌分离株为目标菌,以细菌中NADPH氧化酶介导产生的ROS为主要靶点,用外源ROS补充剂过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、ROS清除试剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）、NADPH氧化酶抑制剂二苯基氯化碘盐（DPI）处理蜡样芽孢杆菌,测定分析ROS变化与菌膜形成之间的关系。结果表明,0.01 μmol/L H₂O₂、1 μmol/L H₂O₂、100 μmol/L H₂O₂处理组平均菌膜形成量均显著高于对照组平均菌膜形成量（P<0.05）,0.1 μmol/L H₂O₂、10 μmol/L H₂O₂处理组平均菌膜形成量与对照组平均菌膜形成量相比无显著性差异（P>0.05）,随着H₂O₂浓度的升高,ROS逐渐下降。NAC各处理组平均菌膜形成量均显著高于对照组平均菌膜形成量（P<0.05）,随着NAC浓度的升高,ROS逐渐下降。DPI浓度≤1 μmol/L时,随着DPI浓度的升高,平均菌膜形成量均显著高于对照组平均菌膜形成量（P<0.05）,ROS逐渐下降;DPI浓度>5 μmol/L时,随着DPI浓度的升高,平均菌膜形成量显著低于对照组平均菌膜形成量（P<0.05）,ROS含量升高。表明在不影响蜡样芽孢杆菌生长和细胞活性的前提下,一定浓度的H₂O₂、NAC和DPI处理菌株能够诱导ROS减少,增强蜡样芽孢杆菌菌膜的形成。激光共聚焦显微镜结果显示,与对照组相比处理组具有更强的染色效果,呈现红色的网络结构,而未经处理组呈现松散的结构和更少的菌膜生物量,这表明ROS对蜡样芽孢杆菌菌膜的形成存在抑制作用。     

活性染料染色废水回用研究

为达到保护环境、治理印染废水的目的,活性染料染色采用自来水和回用水为介质,考察了回用水对纯棉机织物的染色可行性,建立了以表面深度、色差、上染固色曲线等因素组成的评价体系.结果表明:在自来水介质和回用水介质中,不同氯化钠浓度对表面深度和色差的影响大致相同;固色过程和最终固色率趋势一致;直接性、上染性和固色率也大体相同;随着循环次数的增加,染色样表面深度逐渐增大,与自来水样的K/S曲线趋势差距逐渐增大.与自来水样相比,染色样的色差随着循环次数的增加逐渐增大.     

醋蛋液对巨噬细胞RAW264.7免疫调节活性的影响

采用细胞计数试剂盒（CCK）-8法检测不同剂量的醋蛋液对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7免疫调节活性的影响,倒置显微镜及荧光显微镜下分别观察不同分组条件下对RAW264.7细胞形态的影响及细胞核的损伤程度,探讨醋蛋液对RAW264.7细胞分泌免疫因子的影响及其免疫调节活性的机理。结果表明,当醋蛋液浓度为40 μL/mL时,RAW264.7细胞活性极显著升高为（145.3±23.02）%（P＜0.01）。醋蛋液高剂量组（20 μL/mL）巨噬细胞体积变大并逐渐伸出伪足,与正常细胞有明显差异,但未达到炎症相关形态学特征;醋蛋液高剂量组（20 μL/mL）可以促进巨噬细胞分泌白介素-1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和一氧化氮（NO）分泌,可以有效缓解巨噬细胞细胞核损伤、细胞膜电位降低造成的细胞损伤及细胞凋亡;醋蛋液高剂量组（20 μL/mL）可以上调蛋白激酶B（AKT）以及核因子-κB（NF-κB）的表达量,进而激活巨噬细胞,调节机体免疫力。     

原花青素B2诱导乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡及其作用机制

本研究旨在探讨原花青素B2（procyanidin B2,PCB2）对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的抗肿瘤作用及其机制。采用噻唑蓝法分析PCB2在不同浓度和不同处理时间下对MCF-7细胞存活率的影响;通过激光共聚焦显微镜检测细胞内Ca2＋浓度变化并观察Hoechst 33342染色后的细胞凋亡形态;采用流式细胞分析仪检测PCB2对MCF-7细胞凋亡率、周期、胞内活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）水平及线粒体膜电位变化的影响;通过Western blot检测PCB2对MCF-7细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达量的影响。结果表明,当浓度在10～80 μmol/L范围内时,PCB2能显著降低MCF-7细胞的存活率（P＜0.05）,且呈浓度依赖性,处理24、48、72 h时对MCF-7细胞存活率的半抑制浓度分别为114.82、57.15 μmol/L和55.64 μmol/L。PCB2能显著增加MCF-7细胞凋亡率、胞内ROS水平（P＜0.05）、细胞核荧光强度,并破坏Ca2＋平衡,同时显著降低线粒体膜电位（P＜0.05）,并将细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1期进而诱导细胞凋亡。PCB2可上调Bax、细胞色素c、Caspase-12和Caspase-3蛋白的相对表达水平,下调Bcl-2蛋白相对表达水平。综上可知,PCB2具有抗肿瘤作用,其机制与激活线粒体和内质网介导的凋亡通路、周期阻滞和细胞内ROS水平增加有关。     

糖水樱桃罐头罐染加工的研究

樱桃果实由于加工性状不好,保持形状、质地、色泽、改进风味是加工中的难题。本研究从保持果品天然形状出发,采用创新的罐染工艺代替缸染老工艺,解决了人工染色中产品色素留量超标,果品性状破坏大等难题。较好地保持了樱桃天然的色、形、香、味;简化了工序;降低了生产成本。     

肌纤维类型分类及转化机理研究进展

肌纤维作为骨骼肌的基本组成单位,其类型组成的差异与产肉动物的产肉量及其肉品的质量密切相关,故肌纤维成为近年来国内外的研究热点。本文先对肌纤维ATP酶染色法、免疫组化染色法等肌纤维类型的分类方法进行综述,进一步对肌纤维特性进行简要概述,最后回顾了肌纤维类型转化的外界因素及分子调控通路研究进展。以期为今后的肌纤维类型及转化机理研究提供参考。     

Atypical manifestation of upper lid margin staining in silicone hydrogel lens wearers with symptoms of dry eye.

PURPOSE: To report an atypical manifestation of upper lid margin staining (ULMS) that occurred in adapted silicone hydrogel (SH) contact lens wearers who complained of ocular surface dryness. METHODS: Sequential staining with sodium fluorescein (FL) and lissamine green (LG) strips was performed in 38 SH lens wearers. The "wiper area" of the upper lid was examined with the slit lamp, at 8x and 12x magnifications. RESULTS: Four out of 38 subjects (10.5%) showed fimbriated or "feathery" extensions from the superior margin of the subtarsal fold onto the upper tarsal plate. The extent of these feathery extensions varied between subjects, with a mean (+/-S.D.) length of 2+/-0.8 mm. In all cases a broad band of staining with both FL and LG was demonstrated, which extended along the entire length of the lid margin. CONCLUSION: The staining patterns shown on the subjects' upper lid margins and tarsal plates suggest that ULMS may include more complex variants. The putative tissue damage revealed through the staining, points to a mechanism not simply restricted to the upper lid margin.     

Mechanisms of superficial micropunctate corneal staining with sodium fluorescein: The contribution of pooling

Purpose

To establish if sodium fluorescein (SFL) dye accumulation within intercellular spaces on the ocular surface contributes to the appearance of superficial punctate corneal staining.

Methods

Thirteen subjects bilaterally wore PureVision™ lenses that had been pre-soaked in ReNu MultiPlus^® multipurpose solution. After 1 h of lens wear, corneal staining with SFL was assessed using a standard slit-lamp technique. Participants who presented with bilateral, corneal staining were selected for further evaluation. A randomly selected eye was rinsed with saline three times. Fellow eyes (control) received no rinsing. After each rinse, the appearance of SFL staining was recorded without any further instillation of the dye. To eliminate any confounding effects of staining due to residual fluorescein in the tear menisci, corneal staining was induced in freshly excised, isolated, rabbit eyes by topical administration of 0.001% PHMB and staining, rinsing and grading were performed as above.

Results

Nine out of 13 subjects presented with bilateral diffuse corneal staining (mean grade ± SD: 2.4 ± 0.7). The mean staining grades in test and control eyes respectively after each of the three rinses were (1) 2.41 ± 0.41, 2.25 ± 0.69 (p = 0.9); (2) 2.34 ± 0.79, 2.1 ± 0.83 (p = 0.8); and (3) 1.71 ± 0.65, 1.60 ± 0.79 (p = 0.6) there was no significant reduction in staining with rinsing (p > 0.05) and no difference was observed between test and control eyes at any sampling-point. Similar observations made in ex vivo rabbit eyes replicated these results.

Conclusions

Pooling or accumulation of SFL solution within intercellular spaces does not appear to contribute to the appearance of superficial micropunctate corneal staining.     

减轻后水洗中的靛蓝再沾色

本文就后水洗步骤从棉织物上去除物理吸附的靛蓝以及减轻靛蓝以及减轻靛蓝对织物回染（“粘色”）的可能性作了研究。试验并比较了各种不同的化学药品和纺织助剂的作用。研究结果表明，在研究的范围内去沾染效果与表面活性剂的化学结构无关，但在乙氧基化程度和净洗力之间存在着近乎直线的关系。应用复配的常规净洗剂可以获得最好的结果。     

An acute clinical comparison of corneal staining and comfort associated with contact lens care solutions

PurposeThis study compared the biocompatibility and comfort of 4 lens care solutions currently marketed in France.MethodsThis was a randomized, interventional, double-masked, single-center crossover study assessing balafilcon A silicone hydrogel contact lenses, bilaterally, straight from the blister pack solution (control) and pre-soaked in the following lens care solutions: Regard^® (containing sodium chlorite), ReNu^® (containing a PHMB [polyhexamethylene biguanide] derivative), CyClean™ and MeniCare™ Soft (both containing PHMB). Subjects were randomized to the order of test solution use. For each of the 5 solutions tested, subjects attended a baseline/lens dispensing visit and an intervention visit 2 h later. At both visits, evaluation included slit-lamp examination, corrected-distance visual acuity, corneal staining, and subject-assessed photophobia, ocular comfort, and ocular redness.ResultsThirty subjects were enrolled and 28 were evaluable. Corneal staining severity was significantly worse than baseline after 2 h of wearing lenses soaked in CyClean, MeniCare, or ReNu (P ≤ 0.001). The MeniCare group alone demonstrated a significant improvement in ocular comfort after 2 h of lens wear (P = 0.02). No group demonstrated significant changes in ocular redness or photophobia. Corrected-distance visual acuity was similar between baseline and intervention visits for each test solution. No adverse events were reported during the study.ConclusionsSilicone hydrogel contact lenses presoaked in lens solutions containing PHMB or a PHMB derivative produced an increase in corneal staining after 2 h of lens wear. The higher levels of corneal staining in the 2 solutions did not correlate with increased discomfort within this 2-h timeframe.     

Activity Staining of Pacific Whiting (Merluccius products) Protease

An activity staining method using SDS-substrate gel was used to determine Pacific whiting proteolytic activity. The most active protease band was resolved at an apparent M, of 39,500 corresponding to the activity of cathepsin L. The activity was more pronounced for ocean-caught Pacific whiting than Puget Sound Pacific whiting or ocean-caught arrowtooth flounder. Gel electrophoresis activity staining of proteolytic enzymes in Pacific whiting was not as sensitive as the TCA-azocasein assay but provided information on the molecular properties of the enzyme and a semi-quantitative estimation of activity.     

茶多酚诱导癌细胞凋亡结果的几种快速检测方法比较

比较几种常规染色方法在茶多酚体外诱导EJ细胞的凋亡检测的效果。以同剂量茶多酚诱导膀胱癌EJ细胞凋亡,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳的方法确认细胞凋亡,比较苏木精、盼兰、吉姆萨染色方法在光学显微镜下细胞凋亡形态的检测效果。结果表明,经苏木精、台盼兰、吉姆萨染色方法染色的标本均可在显微镜下找到凋亡细胞形态,而以苏木精染色方法处理的标本染色效果最好。结论是用苏木精染色方法加琼脂糖凝胶电泳是检测茶多酚诱导的膀胱癌EJ细胞凋亡的最佳方法。     

蛋白质凝胶电泳的快速染色技术

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶薄层垂直平板电泳技术检测“紫花”芒果蛋白,将考马斯亮蓝染色与水浴或微波处理相结合,建立快速蛋白组分检测方法。该法可以有效地缩短分析所需时间。     

Daily versus monthly disposable contact lens: Which is better for ocular surface physiology and comfort?

Purpose

To investigate the effect of soft contact lenses (SCL) wearing modality and lens materials on the changes in conjunctival bulbar and limbal redness and conjunctival and corneal staining after two months of SCL wear. Comfort level was also analyzed.