双氧水活化剂OD在棉织物前处理中的应用

用新型双氧水漂白活化剂OD对纯棉织物进行冷轧堆一浴法前处理。讨论了H_2O_2用量、NaOH用量、活化剂OD用量、堆置时间对前处理效果的影响,确定了双氧水活化剂OD在冷轧堆前处理中的最佳工艺为:27.5%H2O230 g/L,NaOH 25 g/L,活化剂OD 10 g/L,前处理助剂5 g/L,稳定剂硅酸钠8 g/L,堆置时间10 h。该工艺条件下,织物白度达到80.9,毛效8.7 cm/30 min,断裂强力516.1 N。新型双氧水活化剂OD可使堆置时间、耗能减少,耗碱量下降,并有效改善了纯棉织物前处理的品质。     

金属配合物/H_2O_2体系棉针织物温堆工艺研究

将自制的金属配合物应用于棉针织物双氧水轧堆工艺中,采用单因素实验,探究了金属配合物用量、双氧水用量、轧余率、硅酸钠用量以及堆置温度和时间对织物白度、毛效及强力的影响,确定了棉织物轧堆的最佳工艺条件:金属配合物6g/L,30%H_2O_230mL/L,硅酸钠8g/L,精练剂0.4g/L,渗透剂JFC 3g/L,轧余率100%,70℃下堆置60min。并与TAED低温轧堆工艺、传统轧蒸工艺进行了比较,结果表明,经金属配合物/H_2O_2体系轧堆工艺漂白棉织物的白度以及毛效值显著提高,效果优于活化剂TAED/H_2O_2体系低温轧堆漂白工艺;织物的毛效值与传统轧蒸工艺相近,只是白度略低于传统轧蒸工艺,织物损伤明显低于传统轧蒸工艺。     

棉织物冷轧堆前处理加工

采用漂白活化剂MB、烧碱和双氧水体系对棉织物进行冷轧堆前处理.通过正交试验,分析了各因素对织物白度、毛效和断裂强力的影响,得出最佳的工艺条件:NaOH 60 g/L,H2O260 g/L,漂白活化剂MB6 g/L,堆置时间8 h.处理后织物各项性能与传统的冷堆时间24 h相当,显著提高了生产效率.     

亚麻/棉织物的冷轧堆前处理工艺

针对亚麻/棉织物前处理过程中强力损失较大、能耗高等难题,采用冷轧堆工艺取代常规前处理工艺。考察了不同工艺对亚麻棉织物强力损失、麻皮残留数量和白度的影响。结果表明,织物采用先碱氧冷轧堆工艺煮漂处理,再进行氧漂的前处理工艺,织物强力下降最少,白度与常规工艺相当,麻皮残留少。优化的煮漂冷轧堆工艺条件为:30%双氧水40 g/L,活化剂10 g/L,冷堆时间24 h。     

针织物冷轧堆前处理工艺研究

介绍了针织物冷轧堆漂白工艺,分析了其对针织物强力和毛效的影响。测试并比较了双氧水、氢氧化钠、活化剂TAED用量和堆置时间等因素对织物白度的影响,通过正交试验得出最佳工艺条件,并对H2O2/TAED活化体系与传统H2O2漂白体系处理后织物的白度和强力进行比较。结果表明,针织物冷轧堆漂白最佳工艺条件为:室温下H2O2用量18 g/L,NaOH用量15 g/L,TAED用量1 g/L,渗透剂JC-1用量10 g/L,稳定剂JD-22用量4 g/L,堆置时间为24 h;与传统煮漂一浴法和常规冷轧堆前处理工艺相比,H2O2/TAED冷轧堆前处理新工艺大大降低了H2O2和NaOH用量,在织物获得足够白度的基础上,降低了织物的强力损失,耗能少、成本低。     

棉针织物高效冷堆前处理工艺

因传统棉织物冷轧堆前处理精练剂含磷高、堆置时间长,采用无磷耐碱精练剂进行复配,并加入双氧水活化剂铜配合物,开发新的棉针织物冷堆工艺.单因素和正交实验得到的优化工艺为:30％双氧水60 g/L,氢氧化钠40 g/L,精练剂24 g/L,活化剂4 g/L,堆置时间6 h.在该条件下处理的半制品白度为81.3％,毛效为14....     

双蛋白纤维混纺纱线H2O2/TAED低温漂白

采用四乙酰乙二胺(TAED)作为双蛋白混纺纱线双氧水漂白的活化剂,探讨了双氧水浓度、硅酸钠和碳酸钠用量、漂白温度和漂白时间对漂白纤维白度和黄度的影响。研究表明,在双氧水与TAED物质的量之比2∶1、30%双氧水10 g/L、碳酸钠3 g/L、硅酸钠3 g/L和70℃漂白60 min的条件下,漂白纤维白度高于常规双氧水漂白工艺,不仅避免了纤维的降解损伤,而且有利于节能减排。     

丝/棉织物冷轧堆前处理工艺探讨

采用冷轧堆前处理工艺在低温下对丝/棉织物进行精练和漂白,能大幅度降低能源消耗。着重探讨了丝/棉的冷轧堆前处理工艺,综合考虑处理后织物的毛效、白度及断裂强力,得出较适宜的工艺条件为:氢氧化钠12 g/L,30%的过氧化氢25 g/L,高效精练剂HE-A 6 g/L,氧漂稳定剂OL 6 g/L,堆置时间为18 h。在该工艺条件下,丝/棉织物毛效、白度较好,断裂强力下降的幅度较小。     

棉织物的双氧水丝素蛋白活化漂白工艺

将废弃丝素溶解制备成蛋白助剂,应用于棉织物双氧水漂白工艺中。探讨了丝素蛋白及其与硅酸钠复配对双氧水漂白织物白度、毛效、分解率和强度的影响。结果表明,丝素蛋白可以有效地提高双氧水在较低温度和较低碱性条件下的漂白效果,实现双氧水低温低碱漂白。优化的漂白工艺为:硅酸钠2 g/L,丝素蛋白1 g/L,30%双氧水20 mL/L,NaOH 1 g/L,70℃漂白50 m in。     

棉织物双氧水/乙酰胍低温活化漂白

采用双氧水/乙酰胍(ACG)活化体系替代传统工艺对棉织物进行漂白.通过考察活化剂种类、ACG的用量、漂白温度和时间,以及漂白pH值对漂白效果的影响,并与双氧水、双氧水/TAED漂白体系进行比较.结果显示,在30%双氧水3 g/L、ACG用量1.6 g/L、pH值约为8和温度60℃的条件下处理60 min,可获得很好的漂白效果.     

Drinking water microbiology--new directions toward water quality enhancement

Drinking water microbiology has emerged from decades of relative complacency to recognize there can be major concerns with potable water quality. Many of these issues are a result of an explosion of information on new waterborne agents, treatment problems with raw-source water qualities, biofilm development in some distribution systems and specialized requirements in water quality unique to hospitals and industries. Protozoan cyst survival after some disinfection practices involving surface water impoundments and virus occurrence in poorly protected groundwaters have provided reasons for expanding minimum treatment of surface waters and for requiring disinfection of all groundwaters unless there is a demonstrative data base to support exceptions in treatment requirements. Official monitoring of small water supplies must be increased on a monthly basis and a rapid alert established to inform water plant operators of unsatisfactory water qualities. As an option, application of operational tests to analyse water quality in terms of chlorine residual, turbidity, total coliforms and heterotrophic bacterial counts in small water plant operations should be encouraged. This would provide the operator at remote locations with the opportunity to utilize the information to make necessary treatment adjustments or corrections in water distribution deficiencies promptly and be a supplement to the official regional monitoring program. Application of drinking water alternative sources (bottled water and water from point-of-use treatment devices) should be viewed by the health authorities as only a temporary solution, not as a permanent fix for a public water supply known to present some established health risk to consumers. The public must also recognize that bottled water is not frequently monitored by health laboratories for acceptable quality and the use of home treatment devices places the responsibility of proper maintenance on the user. Microbial quality improvements in drinking water to hospitals and food industries can frequently be achieved through a routine, systematic flushing program for building plumbing networks and associated attachment devices. In other situations, use of booster disinfection or point-of-use devices may provide the important special water quality requirements for certain industrial applications. In any event, these supplemental treatment measures will require careful in-plant monitoring and maintenance to prevent reversals in water quality enhancement.     

纯化水系统水质控制分析

本文介绍了纯化水系统制备方法与流程,堆纯化水系统制备过程中的检测数据进行了回顾和总结,并对纯化水系统制备过程的微生物进行了分析,以便对纯化水系统的过程控制,同时对纯化水系统型号、制备过程、微生物检测以及制水过程(工艺的温度、压力、流量、电压、电解质等)进行控制,加强对石英砂、活性炭、EDI、保安过滤器的检查频率,加强对水系统流量、压力、污染指数、余氯、硬度、电导率等的检测和控制分析,有效地控制产水水质,保证产品质量。     

日本最新的用水及废水处理装置

使用在各种饮料制造出的纯水,当要维持饮料产品味道及香味等品质要求时,需使用杀菌消毒装置所制造出无味无臭的安全纯水。现在的一般纯水制造装置,会有从阴离子交换树脂而来的溶出物及高温下造成交换基的脱落及分解等缺点,因此无法从高温杀菌     

Determination of total water and surface water in sugars

A clear distinction between differently bound water fractions by drying techniques is usually not possible. The Karl Fischer titration was used to achieve such a differentiation. As this technique is based on a chemical reaction, water is only determined when it comes into direct contact with the reagents. Surface water can therefore be detected easily. To limit the determination to this fraction, dissolution of the sample must be avoided. If, on the contrary, the total water is to be determined, the sample must either be dissolved completely or measures must be taken to liberate the water from the sample matrix. The aim of this work was to find titration parameters and working conditions that allow the distinction between the total water content and the surface water of sugars.     

利用马蹄粉厂废水生产马蹄汁风味饮料的研究

研究了利用马蹄粉厂制粉废水生产马蹄汁饮料的工艺,对影响产品色泽、澄清度、风味的因素进行了探讨。实验表明最佳生产工艺为:将经浓缩的产粉废水离心除沉淀,在100℃下加热3min,经过滤,调节马蹄汁的糖酸比(每100mL的马蹄汁加入1.0g白糖和0.2g碳酸氢钠),在93℃杀菌3min,可制成色泽淡黄、风味浓郁的马蹄汁饮料,其品质与由鲜马蹄加工的饮料相当。     

印染厂水网系统的优化及节水措施

对印染厂的水网系统进行优化,发现中水回收与逐格倒流节水技术有很好的节水效果;在节水工艺中,冷轧堆前处理工艺的节水效果最好,其次分别为冷轧堆染色、涂料染色和涂料印花工艺.     

番茄冰糕与番茄冰糕粉的研制

通过番茄冰糕的研制,确定了番茄冰糕和冰糕粉的配方,冰糕复合乳化稳定剂的组合与用量,制得番茄冰糕产品组织结构细腻润滑,口感清凉爽口。