基于频率模型和时频分析的正弦信号频率高精度估计算法

利用时频分析方法估计信号瞬时频率,在低信噪比条件下估计性能较差,但在时频图中,信号频率的变化趋势具有一定的规律,基本上都是围绕着信号的真实频率。基于此,给出了一种结合时频分析和信号频率模型相结合的方法,以实现信号瞬时频率的高精度估计。利用时频分析具有的良好时频分布的特点,采用最大能量方法（ME）预先估计得到信号的预估计瞬时频率（EIF）;再利用瞬时频率连续性、平滑性的先验信息,建立了信号瞬时频率估计模型,并采用概率最大原理(MP)估计瞬时频率概率最大的统计变化,估计得到预估计瞬时频率的滤波起始点;最后利用卡尔曼滤波和平滑算法对预估计瞬时频率进行滤波和平滑,从而得到信号频率的精确估计。      

瞬时频率和时频分布

本文首先介绍了瞬时频率(IF)的概念和IF的传统计算方法解析信号法,然后从联合时频分析的角度讨论了IF的物理含义及其与时频分布之间的联系,指出二维时频分布的任务之一是对IF进行估计,并且通过对几种时频分布估计性能的比较说明分布形式的选择对估计效果有较大影响。最后,本文提出并初步论证了自适应旋转投影分解法(AOP)计算IF的有效性。     

双向高斯核函数时频分布及在瞬时频率估计中的应用

将双向高斯核函数时频分布引入到非平稳信号瞬时频率估计。通过控制时延、频移参数,该时频分布能够有效提高时频分辨率,同时对多分量信号检测时存在的交叉项能够得到很好的抑制。理论推导及计算机仿真均表明该分布具有良好的性能。     

基于改进时频分析方法的雷达信号瞬时频率估计

瞬时频率估计(Instantaneous Frequency, IF)在雷达信号处理中有着重要的研究意义,时频分布峰值检测是IF估计研究和应用中较为普遍和有效的方法,但由于噪声的影响,时频分布峰值往往偏离真实的IF曲线。针对低信噪比下的IF估计,文中首先对WVD及CWD的时频分布矩阵作Hadamard积,得到一种混合的时频分析方法,而后采用多样本信号时频能量累乘的方法,进一步抑制噪声在时频面上的分布;然后以时频分布峰值在信号自项时频聚集区域的分布概率为准则,计算出时频分布的数据窗长,并根据该窗长得到IF的初始估计;最后依据初始IF,采用交叉置信区间算法对时频分布峰值进行检测,得到信号的瞬时频率估计值。文中对NLFM、LFM和FSK信号的IF估计进行了研究,并与WVD峰值检测法和时频分布一阶矩法进行了比较,仿真结果表明了本文方法的有效性。      

局域波自适应时频分析特性研究

局域波自适应时频分析是处理非平稳数据较为有效的新方法.该文较系统地研究了局域波分析的瞬时频率估计、分解的物理意义、高于小波分析的时频分辨率、没有Wigner-Ville时频分布交叉项和分解二维图像的特性.     

广义S变换及其在复杂辐射源信号分析中的应用

该文提出一种基于修正 Hermite 函数的广义多窗 S 变换方法,并将之应用于复杂多分量辐射源信号的瞬时频率结构分析。该方法通过引入频率尺度因子修正正交 Hermite 函数,将多窗时频分析方法推广到 S 变换中,使得改进后的广义 S 变换既保留了多分辨特性,又很好地解决了高频区存在的频率分辨率低、易受噪声干扰等问题。与 S 变换和原始多窗时频分析方法相比,该方法在瞬时频率估计精度和时频聚集性等方面均有明显改善,具有很好的工程应用前景。     

基于条件对抗生成时频分布的多分量信号瞬时频率估计

瞬时频率（Instantaneous Frequency,IF）估计在多分量信号处理中具有重要意义,而现有方法在信号分量的IF曲线相近或相交时估计准确度不佳。针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于条件对抗生成时频分布的多分量信号IF估计方法。该方法首先采用时频分析产生信号的时频图像（例如掩膜维格纳分布）作为条件生成对抗网络（Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks, CGAN）的原始数据集,通过训练CGAN进行学习之后生成接近理想时频分布的时频图像。根据这些图像,本文利用一种改进的维特比算法提取出不同分量的IF曲线。其改进点在于增加了一个线段梯度的惩罚项,使维特比算法在分量相交的时频区域仍有准确的IF估计。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效且准确地估计分量相近或相交情况下信号的IF信息。      

微多普勒瞬时频率估计算法对噪声的适应性能研究

微多普勒特征提取的关键在于瞬时频率的计算,峰值检测法和一阶时间条件矩法是基于高分辨时频分布的两种瞬时频率估计算法.本文对两种瞬时频率估计算法对噪声的适应性能进行了理论分析和仿真计算,结果表明,当信号受噪声污染后,在一定的信噪比条件下,峰值检测法瞬时频率估计算法对能量分布的变化不敏感,但一阶时间条件矩法瞬时频率估计算法对时频域能量分布十分敏感,因此,峰值检测法较一阶时间条件矩法对噪声具有鲁棒性.实际中雷达接收到的信号都是受噪声污染的,分析两种算法对噪声的适应性能对工程实际应用具有重要参考价值.     

一种时频分布核函数构造方法

立足于信号的参数化模型—多分量多项式相位信号,提出了一种新的时频分布并给出了其构造方法.该方法根据待分析的瞬时相关函数中自项分量及交叉项分量相位的不同特点,采用相位匹配的方法估计各信号分量的瞬时频率.所构造的时频分布不仅具有理想的频率聚集性,而且实现了绝大多数交叉项分量的有效抑制,有效克服了多线性时频分析方法的局限性.     

基于时频分布的SAR相位误差估计方法

提出了一种新的基于时频分布的相位误差估计方法。相位误差的存在严重影响着合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像的质量,综合利用信号的不同时频分布的互补优势,获取具有强健于噪声且具有较高时频分辨率的时频分布图,在此基础上,利用曲线拟合获得瞬时频率进而获得相位误差的较高精度估计。实验结果表明,该方法简单易行,且具有较好的相位误差估计效果。     

基于短时傅立叶变换的跳频序列瞬时频率估计

采用了G函数的方法来模拟跳频序列，然后利用短时傅立叶变换对它进行分析与瞬时频率的估计。该方法能够有效地描绘出跳频信号的频率随时间跳变的规律（跳频图案），具有很高的时间一频率分辨率。计算机仿真验证了应用短时傅立叶变换分析跳频序列的有效性和实用性。     

基于中心矩特征的雷达HRRP自动目标识别

针对雷达高分辨距离像(HRRP)的方位敏感性和平移敏感性,对一定角域内的HRRP非相干平均,提取具有平移不变性的中心矩作为特征向量,采用Karhunen-Loeve变换进一步进行特征压缩,建立相应的支撑矢量机(SVM)分类算法.与基于原始距离像特征的最大似然(ML)方法和基于中心矩特征的ML方法识别结果比较,该方法在减少计算量的同时具有较高的识别率,具有良好的推广能力.     

Time-Frequency Analysis Using Local Taylor Series Expansion

We describe an approach to time-frequency analysis based on the local approximation of the signal by a first order Taylor series. We show that the Taylor approximation provides a representation of the signal in terms of its instantaneous frequency and instantaneous bandwidth. This representation can be translated into the frequency domain in a straightforward manner. The key to this approach is the local decomposition of the signal into its components, which is similar to the problem of estimating the parameters of of complex exponentials from observation of their sum. The resulting time-frequency representation (TFR) does not have the time and frequency marginal properties shared by many of the time-frequency distributions presented in the literature, but is additive over the signal components and, by its construction, does not have cross-terms.     

Viterbi algorithm for chirp-rate and instantaneous frequency estimation

An instance of the Viterbi algorithm has been applied to the cubic phase function and chirp-rate estimation. The proposed algorithm has shown excellent performance for high noise environment. The obtained chirp-rate estimate is used in the instantaneous frequency estimation. The proposed instantaneous frequency estimator gives superior performance with respect to the state-of-the-art techniques for signals with non-linear instantaneous frequency.     

Carrier frequency estimation method of time-frequency overlapped signals based on cyclic correntropy spectrum

According to the performance degradation problem of the carrier frequency estimation method of time-frequency overlapped BPSK signals in Alpha-stable distribution noise,a novel carrier frequency estimation algorithm of the time-frequency overlapped BPSK signals based on the cyclic correntropy spectrum was proposed.The relationship between cyclic frequency and carrier frequency on the zero frequency section of the cyclic correntropy spectrum was deduced,which could be utilized for carrier frequency estimation.The proposed method can suppress the impulse noise and has better estimation performance than that of the contrastive methods.Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.     

An analysis of instantaneous frequency representation usingtime-frequency distributions-generalized Wigner distribution

This paper presents an analysis of the representation of instantaneous frequency using time-frequency distributions of energy density domain. Similarity to the “ideal” instantaneous frequency presentation is chosen as a criterion for comparison of various distributions. Although all the commonly used distributions suffer from the artifacts along frequency axis, it is shown that the Wigner distribution is the best among them, with respect to this criterion. The generalization of Wigner distribution-LWD-is introduced to decrease the artifacts. The properties of the LWD are analyzed. It is shown that, at the expense of an insignificant increase in computation time, much better results are obtained. The theory is illustrated by a numerical example with the frequency modulated signals     

脉冲噪声下跳频信号时频图修正

为了在α稳定分布噪声的环境下获得清晰的跳频信号时频图,提出一种基于分数低阶SPWVD(Smoothed Pseudo Wigner-Vile Distribution)与形态学滤波相结合的跳频信号时频图修正算法。首先,根据接收到的多跳频信号建立跳频信号的模型和α稳定分布噪声模型;然后,采用低阶SPWVD变换抑制时频图中脉冲噪声;最后,根据形态学滤波处理方法对残留噪声进一步抑制进而得到清晰时频图。理论分析和仿真结果表明,所提算法在广义信噪比为-5 dB时仍可以得到清晰可靠的跳频信号时频图,并且基于时频图的参数估计性能优良。     

Instantaneous frequency and conditional moments in thetime-frequency plane

The conditional moments of frequency of a time-frequency distribution are discussed, and it is shown that they may be related to the derivative of the log of the corresponding signal, a complex function whose imaginary part is the instantaneous frequency. For the complex energy spectrum, a general form for the moments is obtained. For a signal which is the sum of several other signals, the instantaneous frequency will always demonstrate erratic behavior