碳／锡青铜／聚苯酯／二硫化钼填充聚四氟乙烯的摩擦磨损性能

介绍了几种含碳材料一石墨、碳、碳纤维,锡青铜粉ZQSn6—6—3,聚苯酯、二硫化钼对其填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料在干摩擦、油润滑、水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能的影响,简要介绍了复合材料在液压气动密封等方面的应用。     

SiC一石墨填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

在聚四氟乙烯（ＰＴＦＥ）中分别填充碳化硅（ＳｉＣ）,石墨及不同配比的ＳｉＣ－石墨混合物,制备了具有不同力学和摩擦学性能的ＰＴＦＥ基复合材料。探讨了填料组成对材料硬度及干摩擦条件下与不锈钢环对磨时摩擦磨损性能的影响,并研究了ＰＴＦＥ基复合材料的磨损表面和磨屑形貌。结果表明,填充适量的ＳｉＣ－石墨混合物既能增加ＰＴＦＥ的承载能力,又可保持良好的摩擦学性能;不同复合材料的磨损机理不同,磨损表面有磨屑形貌     

纳米Al2O3填充PTFE复合材料的制备及性能研究

通过机械搅拌和超声分散制备了纳米Al2O3填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料。研究了Al2O3用量、表面改性等因素对复合材料密度、硬度、力学性能、摩擦磨损等性能的影响。结果表明:当改性Al2O3的质量分数小于5%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、硬度要高于相同用量未改性Al2O3填充的复合材料;对改性Al2O3,当其质量分数为1%和9%时,复合材料的磨耗量较纯PTFE分别下降了55倍和286倍,而对未改性Al2O3,当其质量分数为1%和9%时,复合材料的磨耗量较纯PTFE分别下降了7倍和420倍;复合材料的密度与Al2O3的用量,表面是否经KH560改性关系不大;复合材料的摩擦因数随Al2O3用量的增加先减小后增大,对未改性Al2O3,当其质量分数为1%时,复合材料具有最低摩擦因数,而对于改性Al2O3,当其质量分数为3%时,复合材料具有最低摩擦因数。     

聚四氟乙烯填充聚醚醚酮及其复合材料的研究

利用熔融共混工艺制备了ＰＥＥＫ／ＰＴＦＥ共混物及其复合材料,研究了ＰＴＦＥ对ＰＥＥＫ共混物及其复合材料力学性能和耐磨性的影响,结果表明,ＰＥＥＫ经１０％￣ＰＴＦＥ填充改性,玻纤／碳纤混杂增强后,由于磨损方式的改变,使该复合材料不仅保持了良好的物理力学性能,而且具有较低的摩擦系数,耐磨性也得到明显改善。     

聚合物基复合材料摩擦与磨损性能的研究进展

介绍了聚合物及其复合材料的摩擦与磨损性能,包括聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、含PTFE及其他聚合物基复合材料的耐磨性能,讨论了填料的种类、尺寸、含量以及填料的协同作用对聚合物基复合材料耐磨性能的影响.结果显示:填料能较好地改善聚合物基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能.并总结了聚合物基复合材料摩擦磨损性能的研究方向.     

填充改性聚四氟乙烯复合材料研究进展

介绍了近几年国内外对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)进行填充改性以提高PTFE综合性能的研究进展,对填料的种类以及PTFE复合材料性能的研究现状进行了阐述。     

玻璃纤维填充改性PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

为改善聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)高磨耗的缺点,通过冷压烧结成型工艺制备了玻璃纤维(GF)填充改性PTFE复合材料,探究了不同GF添加比例的PTFE/GF复合材料在不同转速下的摩擦磨损情况。采用三维视频显微镜观察了样品的表面磨痕深度,并借助扫描电子显微镜观察摩擦表面形貌同时分析磨损机理。结果表明,填充GF后的PTFE复合材料其摩擦系数虽有一定程度的升高,但其体积磨损率却大幅降低。当GF质量分数为20%时,复合材料的体积磨损率降到最低,并在转速为80 r/min时较纯PTFE降低了93.56%。观察分析微观形貌发现,随着GF含量的增大,复合材料的磨损机理逐渐由纯PTFE的犁耕磨损和粘着磨损向磨粒磨损转变,当GF含量为25%时,出现轻微的疲劳磨损。     

PPS／PTFE复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

研究了聚苯硫醚（PPS）／聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）复合材料的摩擦因数、磨损体积、磨损后表面的微观形貌及损耗因子峰值、储能模量对摩擦因数的影响。结果表明，PTFE的加入显著改善了复合材料的摩擦学性能，摩擦因数由纯样的0．35降至复合材料的0．11。随着PTFE含量从5％（质量分数，下同）增至15％，复合材料的摩擦因数从0．26降至0．11；复合材料损耗因子峰值越大，摩擦因数越小；初始储能模量越大，摩擦因数越小。     

聚四氟乙烯改性聚酮摩擦磨损性能的研究

研究了不同聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微粉质量分数改性聚酮(PK)的力学性能及摩擦磨损性能,并分析了其在不同润滑条件下的摩擦磨损机理。结果表明:填充PTFE微粉后PK的拉伸强度、压缩强度和邵氏硬度下降;在干摩擦条件下,随着PTFE微粉质量分数的增加,PK复合材料的摩擦因数和磨痕宽度呈下降趋势,当PTFE微粉质量分数为6%时,转移膜最连续,磨痕宽度最低,磨损过程以黏着磨损为主;在油润滑条件下,润滑油和PTFE微粉协同作用,PK复合材料的摩擦因数和磨痕宽度均较干摩擦时明显下降。     

质子注入聚芳醚砜/PTFE复合材料的摩擦性能

用110keV剂量分别为1×1014ions/cm2、5×1014ions/cm2、2.5×1015ions/cm2和1.25×1016ions/cm2的质子对聚芳醚砜/聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料进行注入,并研究了其摩擦磨损性能。结果表明质子注入能够改变PESC/PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,在低剂量下,其摩擦系数有所下降,在较高剂量下,其摩擦系数则逐渐增大;随注入剂量增大,PESC/PTFE复合材料的磨损率逐渐降低,说明质子注入能够提高其耐磨性。未注入样品的磨损主要表现为脱层剥落,而注入样品主要表现为塑性变形,这种磨损机理的变化是由于质子注入引起的复合材料的结构变化。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.