电渗析回收鱼粉蛋白的实验

通过电渗析回收鱼粉蛋白的实验研究，考察了不同类型离子交换膜在等电点状况下电渗析脱盐率与有机物损失率之间的关系，并确定了浓差扩散的有效控制方式。     

含盐乙二醇溶液电渗析脱盐工艺研究

针对陆域油气体开采过程中产生的乙二醇盐溶液,设计了处理规模为100 L/h的3级串联电渗析连续化脱盐工艺,在不同操作电压条件下分析了系统脱盐率、能耗、乙二醇损失率以及各级电渗析脱盐率的变化特性。结果表明,操作电压为80 V时,脱盐率可达到90%,能耗仅为0.792 kW·h/m3,此时乙二醇损失率为0.51%。操作过程中当前2级电渗析以较大操作电压运行时,可通过适当降低第3级电渗析的操作电压以减少能耗。     

亚氨基二乙酸母液的电渗析脱盐实验

在对亚氨基二乙酸母液(IDA)进行调等电点的基础上,采用电渗析技术对该母液进行了脱盐的实验研究,考察了电渗析运行电压、料液循环流量等工艺参数对电渗析脱盐工艺过程的影响. 结果表明:均相离子交换膜电渗析技术能有效脱除亚氨基二乙酸母液中的盐,而且具有较高的亚氨基二乙酸回收率,在料液流量为300 L/h、运行电压为30 V时,IDA回收率为92.4%.     

1,3-丙二醇发酵液离子交换耦联电渗析脱盐的中试研究

对1,3-丙二醇发酵液离子交换耦联电渗析脱盐工艺进行了初步研究,在发酵液小试脱盐研究的基础上,主要研究了电渗析脱盐实验、离子交换树脂的选型和离子交换耦联电渗析工艺。结果表明,单独采用电渗析脱盐1,3-丙二醇损失率为11.41%;通过比较多种阴阳离子交换树脂的pH、电导率以及处理能力,确定耦联中试实验采用树脂LSI296和LSI010;采用离子交换耦联电渗析两步脱盐,效率提高到96.2%,损失率降低到5.88%。     

α-癸基甜菜碱两性表面活性剂的电渗析脱盐

采用电渗析法对油脂基两性表面活性剂α–癸基甜菜碱进行脱盐纯化,考察了操作电压、淡室流量、溶液pH值等操作条件对电渗析脱盐的影响。实验表明,电渗析可有效脱除两性表面活性剂中的无机盐,在α–癸基甜菜碱两性表面活性剂的等电点pH值7.50,操作电压10 V,淡室流量20 L/h的条件下,α–癸基甜菜碱粗产品脱盐率达到92%,回收率92.3%。     

亚氨基二乙酸制备研究

采用亚氨基二乙腈水解制取亚氨基二乙酸二钠,用正交试验设计法探讨了水解反应的影响因素;采用电渗析法制备亚氨基二乙酸,对电极材料及阳离子交换膜进行了筛选,设计了双阳膜三室电渗析器.结果表明,亚氨基二乙腈在过量碱液中水解较彻底,最佳工艺参数为:n(NaOH)∶n(亚氨基二乙腈)=2.2∶1,w(NaOH)=15%,投料温度75℃,105～110 ℃下脱氨90min,亚氨基二乙酸二钠收率可达96.27%;以不锈钢板为阴极、钛基镀铱钌板为阳极,上海膜为阳极室膜、北京膜为阴极室膜构成电渗析器,制得产品亚氨基二乙酸的质量分数99.38%,总收率94.7%,电流效率66.7%,能耗3.02 kWh/kg.     

电渗析用于高含盐葡萄糖溶液的脱盐处理

采用电渗析技术对葡萄糖盐溶液进行脱盐处理,通过单因素实验探究了电流、葡萄糖浓度以及淡室初始盐浓度对电渗析脱盐效果的影响,确定了脱盐最佳操作工艺条件。实验结果表明,在电流为5 A,葡萄糖浓度为0.05mol/L,淡室初始盐浓度为1.0 mol/L,电渗析处理90 min时脱盐效果最佳。在该操作条件下脱盐率为87.3%,葡萄糖回收率为96.8%,电流效率为80.3%,能耗为27.6 kWh/m~3。因此,葡萄糖溶液通过电渗析实现了盐与葡萄糖的高效分离,为糖类产品的脱盐处理提供了参考和依据。     

电渗析处理焦化废水反渗透浓水的工程应用研究

结合某焦化废水深度处理与回用工程项目,考察了电渗析处理焦化废水反渗透浓水的状况和不同工艺参数对膜性能的影响,明确电渗析处理焦化废水反渗透浓水的脱盐率和能耗。结果表明,焦化废水反渗透浓水污染物对电渗析膜污染较重,可用1%稀盐酸洗涤恢复膜性能。2台电渗析膜堆串联组合处理焦化废水反渗透浓水,脱盐率和吨盐能耗随操作电压的增大而增大。固定操作电压为250 V,淡化液流量为9 m3/h,在此条件下膜堆脱盐率为51%,吨盐能耗为625 k W·h。     

电渗析对飞机除冰废水脱盐性能的研究

通过电渗析对飞机除冰废水的脱盐性能进行了初步研究,采用电导率来表征废水的脱盐率,并考察了其影响因素。结果表明,电渗析对废水的脱盐率不低于90%,乙二醇收率约为99%。操作电压对脱盐时间影响明显,适宜电压为12~14 V,废水中的乙二醇浓度越高,废水的脱盐时间越长,而脱盐时间越长,脱盐过程中乙二醇的损失越大。     

双极膜电渗析法处理天然碱卤水的工艺条件优化

采用阴离子交换膜和双极膜组成的两隔室双极膜电渗析处理天然碱卤水,考察了膜堆电压、物料流量、温度和进料浓度对脱盐率、电流效率以及耗电量的影响.通过单因素实验和正交实验确定两隔室双极膜电渗析脱盐的最佳工艺条件为:膜堆电压24 V、物料流量5.0L·h-1、温度40℃、进料浓度2.0 mol·L-1,在此条件下,脱盐率、电流效率较高,耗电量较低,脱盐效果最好.     

双极性膜电渗析技术在亚氨基二乙酸制备中的应用

报道了双极性膜电渗析取代现行工艺中亚氨基二乙酸钠转化成亚氨基二乙酸的酸化过程的研究。亚氨基二乙酸钠的转化率达 99 2 % ,亚氨基二乙酸钠溶液转化的收率达 98 5 % ,平均电流效率达 75 % ,平均耗电低于 0 80kW·h/kg亚氨基二乙酸 ,制得的亚氨基二乙酸产品的纯度≥ 99% ,达到或超过进口亚氨基二乙酸产品的质量要求     

无机高盐废水电渗析规律的研究

考察了自制一级一段式电渗析装置在焦化厂的高盐、高硬度废水中的脱盐效果和规律。为了防止结垢对膜组件的影响,首先对高盐、高硬度废水进行了软化处理,随后确定了该软化废水的分解电压,最后详细考察了运行时间、电压、中间室废水流量及阴、阳极室废水流量对电渗析脱盐效率的影响规律。结果表明,电渗析脱盐效率随运行时间的延长而逐步下降,随着电压的升高而增大,随中间室流量的减小而增加,随阴、阳极室流量的增大而升高。当操作电压为2.8 V,中间室流量为78 mL·h^-1,阴、阳极室流量为42 mL·h^-1,连续运行30和60 min时的平均脱盐效率分别为6.7%和6.4%。     

电渗析法处理高盐度高COD废水矿化度的试验研究

运用电渗析技术,采用聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）阳离子交换膜、纳米二氧化硅（SiO₂）/PVDF阳离子交换膜、改性SiO₂/PVDF阳离子交换膜和商品阳离子膜处理高盐度、高COD废水。研究发现,电压、流量、脱盐时间和聚丙烯酰胺的黏附量对其脱盐效果有一定的影响,并通过比较改性SiO₂/PVDF阳离子交换膜和商品阳离子膜的脱盐实验,证明改性SiO₂/PVDF阳离子交换膜脱盐能力强、抗污染程度高。     

电渗析法处理丙烯腈废水的研究

为了去除丙烯腈废水中的硫酸铵,采用电渗析法对丙烯腈废水进行脱盐处理。脱盐率随流量的升高而降低,随电压的升高而升高,但达到一定值后,脱盐率基本不随电压的变化而变化。流量升高,能耗降低;电压越高,能耗越高。在电压为10V、流量为50L/h的条件下,具有较好的电渗析效果,能耗在16.81kJ/g左右,温度提高有利于电渗析过程的进行。实验结果表明,该法切实可行。     

谷氨酸发酵废水电渗析脱盐

采用普通电渗析脱除谷氨酸发酵废水中的无机盐,用活性炭对废水进行预处理,考察了预处理前后废水的电渗析性能. 结果表明,活性炭用量为100和200 g/L时,在60℃下处理30 min,废水的脱色率分别达61%和75%. 预处理前及100和200 g/L活性炭预处理后乳酸迁移量依次降低,谷氨酸迁移率分别为24%, 35%和39%, SO42-迁移率分别为77%, 80%和84%, NH4+迁移率分别为89%, 86%和84%,膜堆电阻依次增加,SO42-脱除率达85%时,能耗分别为4.88, 3.93和3.64 kW×h/kg.     

焦化废水膜法组合深度处理工艺设计与应用

针对煤化工企业焦化废水的二级生化出水可生化性差、含盐量与COD高,以及废水中包含多环芳香族化合物、脂肪族化合物等难生物降解污染物的特点,采用Fenton氧化+电渗析+超滤+反渗透膜法组合深度处理工艺对废水进行处理。运行结果表明,产水水质达到并优于《工业循环冷却水处理设计规范》(GB 50050—2007)中再生水水质要求,产水可作为厂区生产补充新水使用,废水回收率稳定达到75%。采用Fenton氧化与电渗析粗脱盐技术相结合的强化预处理设施,可以有效缓解反渗透装置的膜污染,延长反渗透膜的清洗周期至3个月。     

Recent advances in reverse osmosis and electrodialysis membrane desalting technology

The potential impact of recent developments in both reverse osmosis and electrodialysis membrane desalting technology are summarized.Particular emphasis is given to the status of advanced technology reverse osmosis membranes with chlorine resistance having single pass seawater desalination capability. Membranes capable of using low operating pressures for brackish water desalting are also reviewed.Results obtained with large prototype reverse osmosis modules and their potential effect on lowering plant capital costs are presented.Possible elimination of acid and use of ultrafiltration as the predominant pretreatment step in seawater desalination plants are also described.Recent developments in the high temperature electrodialysis program for seawater desalting and in the use of newly developed anion membranes for brackish water desalination are reviewed.Finally, the effect of recent budget cut-backs imposed on the office of Water Research and Technology (OWRT) and potential impacts on future membrane desalination R&D activity are discussed.     

Structural effects of ion‐exchange membrane on the separation of L‐phenylalanine (L‐Phe) from fermentation broth using electrodialysis

The effects of membrane structure on the separation of L ‐phenylalanine (L ‐Phe) by electrodialysis from a fermentation broth and on the fouling tendency were investigated in this study. Two anion‐exchange membranes (Neosepta AFX and AM‐1, Tokuyama, Japan) were selected and characterized using the chronopotentiometry method. For a fresh membrane, AFX showed a lower electrical resistance and a lower permselectivity than AM‐1. After being fouled with humic acid, however, the electrical resistance of AFX was higher than that of AM‐1. The L ‐Phe selectivities for both membranes were lower than those of the fresh membranes. The result may be attributed to the structural difference between AFX and AM‐1 membranes. AFX has a lower repulsion force against the co‐ion and could be more strongly affected by the foulants than AM‐1 because AFX has a more porous structure than AM‐1. Experiments on the separation of L ‐Phe from the fermentation broth were carried out using two different stack configurations, ie desalting electrodialysis and water‐splitting electrodialysis. It was observed that the recovery efficiency of L ‐Phe through electrodialysis for 100 min reached 95% for AFX and 85% for AM‐1. In the desalting configuration of electrodialysis, the solution pH must be adjusted to alkaline conditions to recover the L ‐Phe through the anion‐exchange membrane. On the contrary, it was possible to recover the L ‐Phe without adjustment of the solution pH in the water‐splitting electrodialysis because OH^? generated from the bipolar membrane converted neutral L ‐Phe into an anion. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Relation between mass transfer and operation parameters in the electrodialysis recovery of acetic acid

The recovery of acetic acid from dilute wastewater by means of bipolar membrane electrodialysis is studied in more detail. The current efficiency of the electrodialysis recovery of acetic acid from dilute wastewater is related to the current density and other operation parameters. There exists a highest value of current efficiency at optimal current density. The highest concentration of recovered acid is also related to current efficiency. The experimental data are analyzed on a theoretical basis.