共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 984 毫秒
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在肉制品贮藏和加工过程中,脂质水解是影响肉制品质量和风味的重要影响因素之一。脂质水解主要是由于脂肪酶的作用,不同的内源性脂肪酶作用于不同的脂质位点,进而使得脂质水解形成不同的醛类、醇类、酯类、烃类等物质,这也在很大程度上影响肉制品风味。适当的水解有利于改善肉制品的风味,但是过度水解会导致肉制品的品质下降,出现蛋白氧化、哈喇味等现象。同时,脂质水解和脂质氧化之间具有一定的联系,脂质水解所形成的游离脂肪酸会发生氧化,导致肉制品的品质下降,风味物质减少。控制脂质水解程度有利于提高肉制品的品质,确定更加有利于肉制品贮藏和加工的条件。脂质水解对不饱和脂肪酸影响较大,脂肪酶对脂质位点的作用也受到众多学者的关注。本文综述肉及肉制品中脂质水解及其发生机制、肉品中脂质水解所导致的化学变化、脂质水解对肉及肉制品品质和风味的影响。 相似文献
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本文介绍了明串珠菌的一般特性、分类状况以及参与食品发酵的情况;从柠檬酸代谢和风味化合物的生成、加速干酪熟化过程等方面,阐述了明串珠菌在发酵乳制品当中的重要作用;对明串珠菌能够代谢生成葡聚糖、甘露醇、K族维生素、细菌素以及水解(-半乳糖苷等益生特性进行了归纳总结,旨在为明串珠菌的规模化生产,拓展其在功能性食品中的应用效果提供技术思路。 相似文献
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利用保温方法促进传统发酵后期鱼露的熟化,分析保温过程中的总可溶性氮(TSN)、氨基酸态氮(AA-N)、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)含量、pH值、细菌总数的变化情况,利用顶空进样法(HS)结合GC-MS法和感官分析法研究保温过程中鱼露风味的变化规律。结果表明,保温法可促进鱼露熟化,其TSN、AA-N含量随保温温度升高和保温时间的延长逐渐增加,TVB-N含量、pH值、细菌总数变化较小,描述性定量感官分析表明传统鱼露发酵后期保温能显著性改善鱼露风味,60℃保温后鱼露风味整体可接受性较好。顶空进样法结合GC-MS分析认为经60℃保温8d后鱼露中特征香味的挥发性酸、2-甲基丙醛、2-甲基丁醛、二甲基三硫等含量有显著性增加。2年鱼露60℃保温8d后风味物质的种类及含量达到3年鱼露水平。 相似文献
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食盐是发酵肉制品加工过程中不可或缺的腌制材料,具有提供咸味、抑菌、提高加工及品质特性等作用。为了抑制发酵过程中致病菌和腐败菌生长,保证产品安全性,发酵肉制品常需高含量盐分。但摄入过多的食盐会对人体健康产生负面影响,因此,降低发酵肉制品中食盐的添加量势在必行。本文简单介绍了食盐在发酵肉制品中的作用及其对微生物的影响,论述了低盐处理对肌肉蛋白和脂质水解、氧化作用以及品质形成的影响,最后综述了常用的减盐手段,以期为发酵肉制品减盐研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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微生物及微生物酶作用于脂肪和蛋白质发生水解氧化反应,反应及反应产物相互影响使发酵肉制品呈现出复杂的体系。发酵肉制品中的微生物对其产生的作用具有两面性。一方面,微生物的酶作用于肉中的各成分,降解了大分子物质使发酵肉制品营养物质更易吸收,且蛋白质和脂肪适度水解氧化呈现出特殊发酵风味;另一方面,微生物可能产生有毒物质,还可能导致脂肪和蛋白质过度氧化,从而产生食用危险,危害人体健康。调控肉制品的水解氧化程度对其品质具有重要意义。本文主要综述了微生物对发酵肉制品中脂肪及蛋白质的水解氧化作用及益生菌和益生素对发酵肉制品氧化稳定性的影响等。 相似文献
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发酵肉制品因生产周期较长、营养物质丰富,极易受到微生物的污染,从而影响产品品质并对人体健康带来不利的影响。由于消费者对发酵肉制品风味以及安全性的关注日益增加,因此对肉制品的安全性以及风味特征的研究非常重要。乳酸菌是最早从发酵肉制品中分离出来的微生物,是传统发酵肉制品中重要的优势菌群,与产品品质密切相关。在发酵肉制品中,乳酸菌不仅可以产生具有抑菌作用的物质抑制有害微生物生长,提高肉制品的安全性;还可以通过影响碳水化合物代谢、蛋白质以及脂质的分解氧化,从而改善发酵肉制品的风味。本文主要从乳酸菌影响发酵肉制品中有害微生物的生长、提高产品安全性及其对风味形成的影响方面进行综述,以期为今后发酵肉制品的研究提供新思路。 相似文献
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发酵肉制品中脂肪的适度氧化能够赋予产品独特的风味,而脂肪和蛋白质的过度氧化则会对产品的风味、色泽、质地等产生不利影响,甚至产生有毒物质。天然和人工抗氧化剂因来源或安全性问题而使用受到限制,发酵剂作为发酵肉制品的生产原料其抗氧化能力逐渐受到关注。本文探讨了发酵肉制品中脂肪与蛋白质的氧化及发酵剂的抗氧化作用,同时概述了微生物主要的抗氧化酶系,对抗氧化评价方法进行了比较,并对近年来发酵剂在发酵肉制品中的抗氧化活性研究进行了梳理和总结,以期为功能性发酵剂在发酵肉制品中抗氧化性的研究及应用提供理论参考。 相似文献
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Juan A. Ordóñez Eva M. Hierro Jose M. Bruna Lorenzo de la Hoz 《Critical reviews in food science and nutrition》1999,39(4):329-367
Several chemical changes occur during the ripening of dry-fermented sausages that determine the flavor and odor of the end product. The phenomena that take place during fermentation, that is, both acidification of the sugars by lactic acid bacteria and reduction of nitrates and nitrites to nitric oxide by micrococci have been known for several years. However, the chemical changes involved in this process, and, particularly, the agents responsible have not yet been established, although they have been attributed to changes in the majority components (proteins and lipids) and to the ingredients added (spices and condiments) in the preparation of the original mixture. The typical flavor and odor of dry-fermented sausages cannot be attributed to volatile substances alone, but to a large number of volatile and nonvolatile compounds present in the product in suitable proportions. Microbial growth in the sausage together with activity of the meat endogenous enzymes are undoubtedly partially responsible for the development of a number of aromatic and sapid compounds. However, lipid autooxidation reactions are also an important source of these substances, and it is not yet known which of these processes is more important in sausage ripening. Much research has focused on the break up of triglycerides into free fatty acids, diglycerides, and monoglycerides during ripening and the progressive increase in the amounts of different carbonyl oxidation products. Carbonyl compounds probably play a significant role in determining the flavor because, in general, these have very low perception thresholds, in the ppm and ppb range. Similarly, the protein breakdown to yield peptides and amino acids has been studied extensively, the latter being substrates of several microbial and chemical reactions that generate many flavor compounds. 相似文献
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发酵肉制品营养丰富、风味独特,深受广大消费者的喜爱。肉制品在发酵过程中受组织内源酶和微生物共同作用会发生一系列复杂的生物化学变化,其中最重要的是蛋白质降解。蛋白质降解既可以增加肉制品风味物质的种类,又提高了蛋白质的消化率,提升了产品的营养价值,并且蛋白质降解生成的部分肽类物质具有一定的生物活性及生理功能,如抗氧化、抗菌、降血压、提高人体免疫力等,因此对生物活性肽的制备与功能研究具有重要的理论与应用价值。发酵肉制品是生物活性肽的一个良好来源,本文主要综述发酵肉制品中蛋白质降解生成生物活性肽的种类、分离纯化方法及生物活性肽的功能利用,旨在为功能性发酵肉制品的研发和生产提供理论支持。 相似文献
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Development of aroma-active compounds during fermentation in the preparation of fermented fish-meat paste product (fish miso) from horse mackerel meat was quantitatively determined and characterized by olfactometric and organoleptic assessments. The critical ripening time was estimated by quantitative and/or qualitative analyses of volatile compounds, peptides, amino acids, product color, and total phenolics of the fish miso matrix throughout fermentation. The results confirmed that the application of koji for the fermentation of horse mackerel meat to produce fish miso significantly reduced the fishy off odor and promoted the development of highly acceptable fish miso with a nutty, cheesy, and fruity aroma. Ethyl acetate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl decanoate, 2-methylpropanal, 3-methylbutanal, 2,3-butanedione, dimethyl trisulfide, and 3-(methylthio) propanal were identified as key odor-active compounds in fish miso prepared from horse mackerel meat. Among the volatiles, 2-methylpropanal, 3-methylbutanal, and 2,3-butanedione were identified to serve as potential indicators of the maturation of fish miso. Amino acid content could also be a potential indicator of maturation of protein-rich, fermented products such as fish miso. In addition, surface color analysis of fish miso revealed a high correlation between sensory attributes and color components. Specifically, r and b values were considered potential indicators of maturation. Practical Application: Variability is a major drawback in fermented products such as fish miso and it requires establishing the optimum ripening time, defined as that providing the aroma attributes qualitatively and quantitatively mostly appreciated by consumers. We have carried out this work for comprehensive determination of the critical ripening time by applying several instrumental and sensory tools including quantitative and/or qualitative analysis of volatile compounds, peptides, amino acids, product color, and total phenolics of the fish miso matrix throughout the fermentation period. The outcome of the present study can be efficiently applied for detection of maturation in similar types of fermented product for large-scale production. 相似文献