苏尼特羊肉肌纤维特性与肉质相关性研究

以6 月龄苏尼特羊（6 只）的股二头肌为实验材料,同时以同月龄的巴美肉羊（10 只）、小尾寒羊（10 只）为对照,用ATP酶（ATPase）组织化学法染色,对比其肌纤维密度、不同类型肌纤维的数量比例和面积比例、单根肌纤维直径及肌纤维横截面积,并分析了苏尼特羊肌肉组织学特性与肉品质之间的相关关系,揭示了苏尼特羊的肉质特性。结果表明：3 个品种的股二头肌中ⅡB肌纤维比例均为最多;苏尼特羊Ⅰ型肌纤维的数量比例、面积比例和肌纤维直径均显著小于巴美肉羊（P＜0.05）,横截面积显著小于巴美肉羊和小尾寒羊（P＜0.05）;苏尼特羊ⅡA型肌纤维面积比例显著小于巴美肉羊和小尾寒羊（P＜0.05）;ⅡB型肌纤维横截面积显著小于小尾寒羊（P＜0.05）。苏尼特羊股二头肌的肌纤维密度与粗脂肪含量呈显著正相关,与剪切力呈负相关,ⅡB型肌纤维数量比例与极限pH值显著负相关（P＜0.05）。     

年龄对伊犁马肉食用品质和肌纤维特性的影响

为了研究不同年龄段对伊犁马肉食用品质、肌纤维特性的影响,试验选取18匹不同年龄段伊犁马,采集三角肌及背阔肌肌肉样本测定失水率、熟肉率、剪切力及肌纤维横截面积、肌纤维平均直径、肌纤维密度,对不同年龄段数据进行差异性检测分析。结果表明：1岁～2岁组三角肌及背阔肌部位剪切力、肌纤维横截面积、肌纤维平均直径极显著低于5岁～6岁组（P<0.01）,而失水率、肌纤维密度极显著高于5岁～6岁组（P<0.01）。三角肌及背阔肌部位年龄与各指标相关性表明,年龄与剪切力呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与肌纤维横截面积及肌纤维平均直径显著正相关（P<0.05）,与失水率及肌纤维密度呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。通过分析发现,1岁～6岁伊犁马随着年龄的增大,三角肌及背阔肌部位肌纤维横截面积、平均直径增大,单位面积内肌纤维的个数随之减少,剪切力增加,失水率变小。通过灰色关联分析显示,试验中1岁～2岁组伊犁马三角肌及背阔肌肉质最优。     

云南武定鸡肌肉组织学特性与嫩度分析

从肌肉组织学特性的角度分析武定鸡肌纤维直径、密度与嫩度的变化规律,以期为武定鸡的养殖及深入研究提供重要参考依据。对230日龄武定鸡公鸡、母鸡及阉母鸡胸部和腿部的肌纤维直径、密度和嫩度进行测定分析。结果表明:(1)性别和部位影响武定鸡肉质;(2)阉割使武定鸡肉质更细嫩;(3)武定鸡肌纤维直径与剪切力呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而肌纤维密度与剪切力呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。     

冻融次数对牦牛肉胶原蛋白特性及品质的影响

为探究冻融次数对牦牛肉胶原蛋白特性和品质的影响。以牦牛肉为研究对象,分析不同冻融次数下牦牛肉剪切力、pH、解冻损失、蒸煮损失、色差、质构、胶原蛋白含量及溶解性、酶活性及微观结构的变化规律。结果表明,随着冻融次数的增加,牦牛肉剪切力下降了59.72%,牦牛肉胶原蛋白溶解性、β-半乳糖苷酶和β-半乳糖醛酶活力、解冻损失、蒸煮损失和b^*值显著上升(P<0.05),胶原蛋白含量、剪切力、pH、L^*值、a^*值以及质构显著下降(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明:剪切力与L^*值、a^*值、pH、胶原蛋白含量和溶解性、质构指标呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与解冻损失、蒸煮损失、b^*值、β-半乳糖苷酶活性和β-葡糖醛酸酶活性呈极显著负相关(P<0.001);pH与胶原蛋白特性呈极显著正相关(P<0.001);胶原蛋白特性与质构指标呈极显著正相关(P<0.001)。牦牛肉组织结构随冻融次数增加表现为破坏严重,肌纤维边界模糊。综上,冻融次数增加,...     

不同质量等级延边黄牛肉肌纤维的组织特性

选取36月龄延边黄牛的眼肉作为肉样,对剪切力、肌纤维组织特性及各指标的相关性进行分析,结果表明:剪切力整体呈现下降趋势,成熟时间和质量等级对剪切力影响显著(P＜0.05).随成熟时间延长,肌纤维密度和肌原纤维小片化指数(MFI)增大,肌纤维直径和肌纤维面积减小,嫩度得到提高.成熟时间和质量等级对肌纤维组织特性影响显著(P＜0.05),各质量等级延边黄牛肉嫩度大小为:特级1+＞优一级＞优二级＞普通级,说明成熟对牛肉嫩度有所提高,质量等级越高牛肉嫩度越好.     

来航鸡生长过程中肌肉内胶原纤维结构与性质的变化

本实验用细胞消化-扫描电镜法、胶原纤维染色-光学显微镜法、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法以及胶原纤维模型等方法详细研究了AA肉用鸡在生长过程中肌肉内胶原蛋白及胶原纤维的性质、结构、剪切力等的变化规律.肌肉中胶原蛋白的含量没有大的变化,但是其热溶解性随年龄的增加而显著减少,同时胶原蛋白分子β链以上高分子成分增加、α链的比率减少,反映了分子间架桥结构的增加;胶原纤维的两种结构肌内膜和肌周膜随年龄的增加而增大、变厚、致密度增加;开发出胶原纤维模型,并利用其模型测定了胶原纤维的剪切力在生长过程中显著增加的变化规律.胶原蛋白性质、结构、剪切力的变化是导致鸡肉在生长过程中逐渐变硬的重要原因.     

鸡肉复合生物保鲜剂的筛选及其保鲜效果

采用鸡胸肉为原料,以总挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）含量为指标,通过五元二次通用旋转组合试验设计对鸡肉复合生物保鲜剂的配比进行优化,并对鸡肉冷藏期间的品质变化进行研究。结果表明：确定出的复合生物保鲜剂最佳配比组合为羧甲基纤维素质量浓度0.81 g/100 mL、茶多酚质量浓度0.57 g/100 mL、抗坏血酸质量浓度0.03 g/100 mL、山梨糖醇质量浓度1.79 g/100 mL、生姜汁体积分数25.07%,此条件下测得鸡肉TVB-N含量为（14.18±0.13） mg/100 g;以未添加保鲜剂的鸡肉为对照组,对（4.0±0.5） ℃条件下冷藏鸡肉的菌落总数、剪切力、色差和微观结构等品质变化进行测定,结果表明,冷藏期间保鲜剂处理组鸡肉的菌落总数和剪切力下降显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,其冷藏18 d后的菌落总数仍符合冷鲜肉未变质的国家标准,且处理组保持了较大的红度值,变化显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,扫描电镜分析显示处理组的鸡肉纤维仍排列整齐,结构紧密。     

优质鸡肉质性状相互关系的研究

本试验研究了优质鸡胸肌和腿肌肌肉性状间的相互关系,并对肉质性状进行了主成分分析。结果表明,肌肉IMF与pH1、pH2、肌纤维密度呈正相关,而与烹饪损失、肌肉剪切力、肌纤维直径呈负相关。肌肉pH与烹饪损失、剪切力、肌纤维直径呈负相关,而与肌纤维密度呈极显著正相关。滴水损失与烹饪损失、肌纤维密度呈负相关,而与剪切力、肌纤维直径呈正相关。肌肉烹饪损失、剪切力与肌纤维直径呈正相关,而与肌纤维密度呈显著负相关。另外,主成分分析表明,胸肌肉质性状可以用4个主成分因子进行表示,腿肌肉质性状可以用2个主成分因子进行表示。     

水煮中心温度对鸡胸肉食用品质的影响

以鸡胸肉为原料,研究水煮中心温度对鸡胸肉感官品质、蒸煮损失、剪切力、肉色等食用指标的影响,为鸡肉在加工时选择合适的煮制温度提供参考。结果表明:水煮中心温度为90℃时,鸡胸肉的感官品质最佳;在70～90℃时蒸煮损失显著增加,持水性下降速率较快;80℃是鸡胸肉剪切力值改变的关键温度点;70,90℃是鸡胸肉肉色改变的关键温度点。     

不同部位猪肉肌纤维类型组成与品质特性比较研究

为比较不同部位猪肉肌纤维类型组成与品质特性的差异,选取9 头6 月龄杜长大三元杂交猪背最长肌（Longissimus dorsi）、半膜肌（Semimembranosus）和半腱肌（Semitendinosus）3 个部位猪肉作为研究对象,通过烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸四唑氧化还原酶（nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase,NADH-TR）染色法研究不同部位猪肉的肌纤维类型组成,并分析肌纤维类型数量比例、平均直径、横截面积、密度等肌纤维特性;测定不同部位猪肉的品质特性（pH值、色泽、蒸煮损失率、剪切力以及质构特性）。结果表明,背最长肌和半膜肌中主要为ⅡB型肌纤维（P＜0.05）,数量比例分别为82.03%和53.22%,半腱肌则主要由Ⅰ型（45.44%）和ⅡB型（39.01%）肌纤维组成。半膜肌中各类型肌纤维的平均直径和横截面积较大,总肌纤维密度最小（P＜0.05）,为42.15 根/mm2。背最长肌的亮度值和蒸煮损失率最高（P＜0.05）,pH值和红度值最低（P＜0.05）;半膜肌的剪切力最高（P＜0.05）;半腱肌的pH值和红度值最高（P＜0.05）,亮度值、剪切力和蒸煮损失率最低（P＜0.05）。     

云岭牛不同部位肉的品质特性分析

为了探索云岭牛不同部位肉品质特性的差异,选用30月龄云岭牛霖肉、臀肉、肩肉、牛腱、黄瓜条和牛腩6个部位肉,对水分、脂肪、蛋白质和胶原蛋白含量、p H值、色差、质构、剪切力、蒸煮损失、解冻损失、凝胶特性及乳化特性进行测定。结果显示:相较于其它品种的牛,云岭牛具有蛋白质含量高,脂肪含量低的特点。肩肉的水分(75.80%)、蛋白质(24.00%)和胶原蛋白含量(13.68%)高,脂肪含量(1.05%)低,凝胶特性、嫩度和保水性均较好,但乳化特性较差;霖肉的蛋白质含量(21.30%)最低,但脂肪(5.13%)和胶原蛋白含量(17.91%)最高;臀肉的凝胶特性和乳化特性较好。结果表明,云岭牛不同部位肉间的品质特性有显著性差异,肩肉适合块状产品开发;霖肉适合烤制产品的开发;臀肉适合肠类产品开发。     

Relationship between collagen characteristics,lipid content and raw and cooked texture of meat from young bulls of fifteen European breeds

Variations in texture were determined for 10 day aged raw and cooked Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle from 436 bulls of 15 European cattle breeds slaughtered at an age of 13–16 months. Variations in texture were related to differences in pH 24 h post-mortem, sarcomere length, collagen characteristics and lipid content. The shear force of cooked meat samples varied from 43.8 to 67.4 N/cm². Simmental, Highland and Marchigiana cattle had the highest shear force values and Avileña-Negra Ibérica, Charolais, Casina and Pirenaica cattle had the lowest values. Cooked meat toughness showed a weak negative correlation to lipid content (P < 0.001) but no correlation to collagen characteristics. Raw meat texture measured by compression correlated positively (P < 0.001) with total and insoluble collagen. In conclusion, collagen characteristics showed correlation to raw meat texture but not to cooked meat toughness of LT muscle in European young bulls.     

不同养殖模式下清远麻鸡的组织学评价标准研究

目的研究不同养殖模式下清远麻鸡的组织学评价标准。方法测定不同养殖模式下清远麻鸡肌肉的肌节长度、肌纤维直径、肌纤维密度、肌纤维面积比例、结缔组织面积比例和脂肪面积比例。结果不同养殖模式出产的清远麻鸡组织学性状差别较大,农户散养模式出产的清远麻鸡肌节最长、肌纤维直径最粗、肌纤维面积比最大,走地鸡养殖模式次之,笼养模式出产的清远麻鸡肌纤维直径最小、密度最大、结缔组织面积比和脂肪组织面积比最大。结论依据组织学特性对清远麻鸡的鸡肉品质进行了分级,初步制定了清远麻鸡组织学分级评价标准。     

金川牦牛与麦洼牦牛舍饲育肥条件下肉品质的比较研究

本研究旨在比较在相同舍饲育肥条件下金川牦牛与麦洼牦牛肉品质的差异。选取年龄体重相近的金川牦牛与麦洼牦牛各24头,饲养100 d后各选取8头牦牛屠宰,采集背最长肌,分别进行TA-XT Plus质构仪在质地多面分析(texture profile analysis,TPA)模式下质构特性测定和肉品质测定。结果表明:金川牦牛肌肉滴水损失比麦洼牦牛低37%(p<0.05),生肉的剪切力比麦洼牦牛低49%(p<0.05)、弹性显著高于麦洼牦牛(p<0.05),煮熟金川牦牛肌肉的弹性显著低于麦洼牦牛(p<0.05),其他质构特性差异不显著(p>0.05)。金川牦牛背最长肌肌内脂肪含量显著高于麦洼牦牛(p<0.05),但背最长肌中脂肪酸的含量均无显著差异(p>0.05);麦洼牦牛背最长肌中缬氨酸、组氨酸以及脯氨酸的含量显著高于金川牦牛(p<0.05),其他氨基酸含量差异均不显著(p>0.05)。综上所述,与麦洼牦牛相比,金川牦牛肌肉的滴水损失、剪切力更低,而肌内脂肪含量更高,具有更好的肉制品开发潜力。     

DECORIN AND FIBROMODULIN EXPRESSION IN TWO BOVINE MUSCLES (M. SEMITENDINOSUS AND M. PSOAS MAJOR) DIFFERING IN TEXTURE

Biochemical composition of muscle is an important factor that affects meat quality. Studies have revealed that the collagen content alone cannot be considered a reliable parameter for textural properties. This study focuses on the expression of two collagen interacting proteoglycans, decorin and fibromodulin, in two muscles differing in texture , M. semitendinosus (ST) and M. psoas major (PM). The difference in texture was confirmed by Warner Bratzler shear force measurements. The proteoglycan expression level was determined both on protein and mRNA level by SDS-gel electrophoresis and Northern blots, and related to the collagen expression. The tougher muscle, ST contained more decorin than the tender muscle PM, but less decorin per collagen. However, the difference in fibromodulin level per collagen was not significant between the two muscles, indicating that decorin is a better parameter to study in relation to textural properties in bovine muscle.     

肌肉组织学特性与肉品质的关系

畜禽的肉品质受多种因素的影响,其中与肌肉组织学特性关系最为密切。骨骼肌是主要的可食性肉,它由肌纤维、结缔组织和肌内脂肪组成。本文综述了肌纤维类型、肌纤维直径、肌纤维密度、肌纤维面积比例、肌节长度、结缔组织特性、肌内脂肪含量与分布等肌肉组织学特性与畜禽肉品质的关系。     

Quality Characteristics of Broiler Chicken Meat on Salt at Different Temperatures

The aim of this investigation was to compare the quality characteristics and muscle structure of broiler chicken meat stored at different temperatures in the retail market in Oman. The meat quality characteristics of broiler breast meat were analysed. Ten samples were randomly selected from each group of fresh, frozen, and chilled chicken meat. Colour L?, a?, b?, pH, expressed juice, cooking loss, sarcomere length, W-B-shear force and muscle structure (using scanning electron microscopy) were determined. Fresh meat samples had significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH values and lightness L? than those of chilled and frozen samples. The chilled meat samples were significantly (P < 0.05) lighter and had lower shear force values than fresh and frozen samples. Frozen samples had significantly (P < 0.05) higher expressed juice and cooking loss values than either fresh or chilled samples. The pH values of fresh, chilled, and frozen breast samples were related to colour and expressed juice. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the changes in the physical properties of the chilled meat were related to breakdown of the muscle fiber bundles. The quality characteristics of broiler meat from different storage temperatures varied significantly.     

Comparison of texture and biochemical characteristics of three rabbit lines selected for litter size or growth rate

Meat texture and some biochemical characteristics that could influence meat tenderness were studied in rabbit loins. Rabbits from three synthetic lines were compared, lines V and A selected for litter size at weaning and line R selected for growth rate between weaning and slaughter time. The activities of cathepsins, collagen content and textural properties measured by Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear device and by the texture profile analyses (TPA) test were measured. Line R was more tender than line V and line A had an intermediate tenderness, Rabbit meat from line R had higher activity of cathepsins B and B + L, lower total collagen content and lower cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness, shear force and total work (area under the curve obtained with WB device) than line V. Line A had an intermediate texture between lines R and V. Our results show evidence of genetic variation between lines in rabbit meat tenderness.