相位噪声标准的研制

为解决相位噪声测量系统校准无法溯源的问题,设计一套相位噪声标准系统,把相位噪声溯源到可调高斯白噪声源上.该系统可用来测试相位噪声测量系统的准确度及其本底噪声,解决传统比对方法各相位噪声测量系统之间精度较低的问题.利用不同频点的带通滤波器对相位噪声测试系统PN9000在5,10,100 MHz频点下的相位噪声测量结果进行校准,验证方案和整套系统的准确性.     

相位噪声标准的研制

为解决相位噪声测量系统校准无法溯源的问题,设计一套相位噪声标准系统,把相位噪声溯源到可调高斯白噪声源上。该系统可用来测试相位噪声测量系统的准确度及其本底噪声,解决传统比对方法各相位噪声测量系统之间精度较低的问题。利用不同频点的带通滤波器对相位噪声测试系统PN9000在5,10,100 MHz频点下的相位噪声测量结果进行校准,验证方案和整套系统的准确性。     

相位噪声测量系统能力验证中发现的问题

相位噪声是时间频率计量的基本参量。近20年来,我国先后引进了多台HP3047/3048A、E5500系列、PN9000等型号的相位噪声测量系统,集中分布在航天、航空、电子、兵器、邮电、海军、总装等部门。对于这种大型、精密、复杂的测量系统,国外也没有量值传递标准,只是对系统做功能性测试。但对同一传递源进行测量时,不同的相位噪声测量系统得到的相位噪声测量结果可能存在较大的离散性。     

相位噪声测量软件的优化与扩展

针对美国惠普仪器公司在相位噪声测量领域较高水平的一套相位噪声测量软件进行了优化及功能扩展，应用于组建相位噪声的自动化测量系统，提高了原有软件的自动化程度和工作效率。     

自身相位噪声测量的分析

本文分析一种不需要参考（标准）信号源的相位噪声测量系统，该系统在被测通道里插入窄带晶体滤波器滤除被测信号的大部分噪声，作为参考信号再与被测信号进行比较，实现了信号源自身相位噪声的测量．本文还介绍一种自动相位噪声谱测量装置     

关于典型相位噪声测量技术的应用研究

相位噪声是评价无线电信号纯度的重要研究内容,随着各类频率信号生成设备的快速发展,对相位噪声测量技术提出更多应用需求和更高的技术要求,出现不同的测量方法,为熟练掌握不同测量方法的原理和具体应用场景,开展直接频谱仪法、鉴频器法和相位检波器法三种典型相位噪声测量方法的应用研究,以相位检波器法为例建立测量方法模型进行理论推导,详细分析基于相位检波器法的相位噪声测量不确定度来源,计算得到测量标准不确定度和扩展不确定度,同时针对不同方法进行重复性测试,已基于相位检波器法的相位噪声测量不确定度分析为例计算分析不同方法的测量不确定度,论证典型相位噪声测量方法的优缺点,提出方法择选方案,为相位噪声测量技术应用提供参考。     

相位噪声测量的不确定度分析及评定

本文依据测量不确定度的定义,以HP3048A相位噪声测量系统作为标准器对相位噪声标准装置的测量不确定度和测量结果的测量不确定度进行了分析和评定。     

相位噪声测试结果的分析与应用

本文简单介绍了相位噪声测量的各种方法,主要对相位噪声测试结果的正确分析与应用方法进行了介绍,并就工程技术人员关心的相位噪声与阿伦方差和时域抖动的换算方法进行了描述。     

K_u波段介质谐振器稳频振荡器相位噪声理论及测试

如今,在射频和微波系统中,测试和确定相位噪声特性已经变得越来越重要,在如卫星通讯、无线电传输、雷达系统等应用中,相位噪声经常是最重要的限制因素。介质振荡器在无线电通信系统、电子产品中应用非常广泛,作为核心器件,它的相位噪声大小是衡量振荡器的性能好坏的绝对性因素,直接影响整机系统或仪器的性能,因此,对振荡器相位噪声的测量和分析有着广泛的用途和重大实用价值,文章以Ku波段介质谐振器稳频振荡器为例,对相位噪声的产生及如何改善进行了分析,并给出了相位噪声的测试结果及分析。     

低功耗低相位噪声4.8GHz CMOS压控振荡器芯片设计

采用TSMC 0.18μm RF CMOS工艺设计并实现了一个应用于无线传感器网络射频前端频率综合器的低功耗、低相位噪声4.8GHz电感电容压控振荡器.此振荡器的核心电路采用电流源偏置的互补差分负阻结构,降低了电路对电源电压变化的灵敏度和功耗.电感电容谐振腔采用了降低相位噪声的设计方法.在不恶化相位噪声性能的前提下,核...     

一种微波源调频噪声测量系统

分析了一种微波源调频噪声测量方法的原理，根据需要研制了一套微波源调频噪声测量系统，详细给出了为保证系统测量结果准确可靠所必需的调试步骤，并结合实际设计出一种独特的定标方法，使用该系统实测了一个２２．６８ＧＨｚ锁相稳频信号的调频噪声，并对测量结果进行了讨论。     

A study of noise phenomena in microwave components using an advanced noise measurement system

A novel 9 GHz measurement system with thermal noise limited sensitivity has been developed for studying the fluctuations in passive microwave components. The noise floor of the measurement system is flat at offset frequencies above 1 kHz and equal to -193 dBc/Hz. The developed system is capable of measuring the noise in the quietest microwave components in real time. We discuss the results of phase and amplitude noise measurements in precision voltage controlled phase shifters and attenuators. The first reliable experimental evidences regarding the intrinsic flicker phase noise in microwave isolators are also presented.     

Phase noise performance of microwave analog frequency dividers: application to the characterization of oscillators up to the millimeter-wave range

The phase noise performance of two different microwave analog frequency dividers is characterized and compared with the values obtained using simple theories of noise in injection-locked systems. The direct measurement of the divider noise with a low phase noise synthesizer is not accurate enough, and the residual noise technique is used. The noise levels observed using this technique, between -120 and -155 dBc/Hz at a 10 kHz offset frequency, demonstrate that this divider noise is much lower than the phase noise of most microwave free running oscillators, even if this noise is still high with respect to the residual noise of amplifiers realized with the same active devices. The down conversion of microwave sources up to 40 GHz, is proposed as an application example.     

Noise properties of microwave signals synthesized with femtosecond lasers

We discuss various aspects of high resolution measurements of phase fluctuations at microwave frequencies. This includes methods to achieve thermal noise limited sensitivity, along with the improved immunity to oscillator amplitude noise. A few prototype measurement systems were developed to measure phase fluctuations of microwave signals extracted from the optical pulse trains generated by femtosecond lasers. This enabled first reliable measurements of the excess phase noise associated with optical-to-microwave frequency division. The spectral density of the excess phase noise was found to be -140 dBc/Hz at 100 Hz offset from the 10 GHz carrier which was almost 40 dB better than that of a high quality microwave synthesizer.     

An automatic tracking system for phase-noise measurement

A low cost, automatic tracking system for phase noise measurement has been implemented successfully. The tracking system is accomplished by applying a charge pump phase-locked loop as an external reference source to a digital spectrum analyzer. Measurement of a 2.5 GHz, free-running, voltage-controlled oscillator demonstrated the tracking accuracy, thus verifying the feasibility of the system.     

Low power design of CMOS 5-GHz voltage-controlled oscillator from narrowband to wideband with switching capacitor module

In this study, we demonstrated low power and low phase noise of the complementary cross-coupled voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). Two chips are implemented by TSMC standard 0.18-mum complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The first one that employed a memory reduction tail transistor technique is operated from 5.17 to 5.85 GHz at a supply voltage of 1.2 V whereas its tuning range is 12.3%. The power consumption is 1.8 mW whereas the measured phase noise is -126.6 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz frequency offset from 5.17 GHz. The other employed switching capacitor modules to achieve wide tuning range and minimise phase noise, it operated from 3.64 to 5.37 GHz with 38% tuning range. The power consumption is 13.7 mW by a 1.8 V supply voltage and the measured phase noise in all tuning ranges is less than -122 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz frequency offset.     

RF Spectrum of a Signal after Frequency Multiplication; Measurement and Comparison with a Simple Calculation

A novel experimental technique is introduced and used to measure the effect of frequency multiplication on the RF spectrum of an oscillator. This technique makes it possible to produce the RF spectrum at X band?where measurements are relatively straightforward?that would have been produced by frequency multiplication of the 5-MHz source to any frequency from 9.2 GHz to 100 THz (1014 Hz). A simplified theory is developed and shown to reproduce the experimental results for the relative power in the carrier and noise pedestal, and the shape and the width of the carrier and noise pedestal, to within the measurement uncertainty of 2 or 3 dB, from 5 MHz to 10 THz. The calculations are easily made using analytical techniques from the measurement of the spectral density of phase fluctuations of the source, the effective input spectrum density and the bandwidth of the multiplier chain, and the frequency multiplication factor. It is shown that present 5-MHz-crystal-controlled oscillators are useful as a precision source to ~500 GHz. Suggestions for extending their range to ~100 THz are made.     

Advanced noise reduction techniques for ultra-low phase noise optical-to-microwave division with femtosecond fiber combs

We report what we believe to be the lowest phase noise optical-to-microwave frequency division using fiber-based femtosecond optical frequency combs: a residual phase noise of -120 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset from an 11.55 GHz carrier frequency. Furthermore, we report a detailed investigation into the fundamental noise sources which affect the division process itself. Two frequency combs with quasi-identical configurations are referenced to a common ultrastable cavity laser source. To identify each of the limiting effects, we implement an ultra-low noise carrier-suppression measurement system, which avoids the detection and amplification noise of more conventional techniques. This technique suppresses these unwanted sources of noise to very low levels. In the Fourier frequency range of ～200 Hz to 100 kHz, a feed-forward technique based on a voltage-controlled phase shifter delivers a further noise reduction of 10 dB. For lower Fourier frequencies, optical power stabilization is implemented to reduce the relative intensity noise which causes unwanted phase noise through power-to-phase conversion in the detector. We implement and compare two possible control schemes based on an acousto-optical modulator and comb pump current. We also present wideband measurements of the relative intensity noise of the fiber comb.     

An ultralow noise microwave oscillator based on a high-Q liquidnitrogen cooled sapphire resonator

Two liquid nitrogen-cooled sapphire loaded cavities (SLC's) operating at about 80 K have been successfully constructed, Both cavities were designed to operate on the whispering gallery (WG) E_{12, 1, δ} mode at a resonant frequency of 8.95 GHz. The first SLC was used as the frequency-determining element in a loop oscillator, while the second was used as a frequency discriminator to measure oscillator phase noise. The single sideband phase noise of a free running loop oscillator incorporating the first SLC was measured as -133 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 1 kHz, and was limited by the SLC Q-factor and the amplifier flicker phase noise. By using specially designed feedback electronics the oscillator phase noise was reduced to -156 dBc/Hz and -162 dBc/Hz at 1 and 10 kHz offset, respectively. This measurement was shown to be limited by the electronic flicker noise imposed by the phase detector in the feedback electronics, To our knowledge the phase noise and resonator Q-factor of 6×10⁷ represent the best results ever measured at liquid nitrogen temperatures or above