水平衡测试方法分析探讨

本文探讨了水平衡测试的常用方法,为进一步掌握水平衡测试方法,选取了中山市某企业进行水平衡测试.     

第一次全国水利普查水平衡分析工作方法与经验介绍

自第一次全国水利普查工作开展队来，水平衡分析工作一直是水利普查工作的重点和难点，通过在水利普查水平衡分析工作中遇到的疑难问题进行分析，提出针对各种问题的应对方法和建议。     

能源计量与水平衡测试

在用水单位中,水作为一种主要的原料和载体,在每个用水单元内都存在水量的平衡关系,通过对用水单元的实际测试,确定其各用水参数的量值,根据其平衡关系分析用水合理程度,称之为水平衡测试。     

空调水系统的水力平衡调试

本文是根据本人多年的施工实践，对空调水系统的水力失调进行分析，找出原因，并进行调试，以满足空调水量的分配，给人们带来舒适的空调环境。     

火电厂水平衡测算及节水回收建议

主要是对超临界空冷燃煤机组的水平衡情况进行了月度的测算和说明,并进一步提出节水回收措施建议。     

大力推进能量平衡测试工作 促进用能单位节能增效

文章介绍了用能单位能量平衡测试的目的、作用,实施模式、评价指标和测试方法。通过具体案例对用能单位能量平衡测试过程、方法进行了描述。对开展能量平衡测试工作,促进用能单位加强能源管理、落实节能目标、实现节能增效具有参考意义。     

高纯氯中微量水

论证了高纯氯中微量水与氯在水含量较高的环境中的状况不同，尤其当氯系统中含水量达３０×１０－６（ｖ／ｖ）以下时，在常温下和不太长的时间内，很难满足化学反应平衡规律的条件和符合Ｃｌ２＋Ｈ２ＯＨＣｌＯ＋ＨＣｌ。     

火电厂水平衡测试及节水分析

随着火电厂规模和技术含量的不断扩大和发展，原本就是用水大户的火电厂对其需水量也逐渐有了更大的要求。众所周知，现在全世界缺水现象十分严重，因此严格控制火电厂的用水量，提高用水效率是火电厂发展所面临着的一个重要问题。“水平衡测试”就是控制火电厂用水量，减少水资源浪费的一个十分重要并且非常有效的一个措施，根据水平衡测试的结果可以很好地帮助工作人员分析火电厂的用水情况并制定出相应的节水策略合理调整火电厂各设备工作的用水量。本文就从火电厂水平衡测试和节水策略分析这一问题八手，重点讨论一下水平衡j则试的具体方法以及相应的节水措施。     

水平衡测试在工业用水管理中的应用

水平衡测试是工业节约用水的一项基础措施,并且是用水企业进行科学管理的内容之一。利用水平衡测试,企业可以准确了单位产品的耗水量与生产用水的重复利用率,从而制定有针对性的节水措施,挖掘企业节水潜力,为进一步实现科学用水、科学管水及节约用水夯实基础。基于此,本文以某企业为例,介绍了水平衡测试前的准备工作,进而从测试实施及测试效果核对两个方面分析了水平衡测试的实施过程,最后分析了水平测试的实施效果,以期为城市节水减排提供有益的参考。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。