Transport-magnetism Correlation and Colossal Magnetoresistance in Mixed-valent Manganites

A phenomenological model based on phase separation between ferromagnetic metallic and paramagnetic insulating domains was applied to analyze the electrical transport and colossal magntoresistance for mixed-valent manganites of RE2/3 AE1/3 MnO3 . The results show that the model can yield results in agreement with experimental observatioas in these mangardtes. The present approach provides a simple picture to visualize the reason that the temperature dependence of resistance ( with and without applied magnetic fields ) in these compounds has the peculiar shape, without invoking any complicated concept.     

Mn基钙钛矿样品庞磁电阻效应的Monte Carlo模拟

基于顺磁性绝缘体和铁磁金属两相随机分布的假设，对居里温度Tc分别为330K和250K的La2／3Ba1／3MnO3和Laa2/3Ca1／3MnO3两个典型样品的电阻随温度和磁场的变化进行了Monte Carlo模拟，模拟曲线在行为上相同于文献上普遍报道的实验曲线。研究表明，Mn基钙钛矿样品中Tc附近观察到的庞磁电阻是由于磁场引起Tc附近铁磁金属相体积分数的实质性增加所致。     

钙钛矿锰氧化物La_(0.9)Sb_(0.1)MnO_3电子自旋共振谱的研究

制备了电子掺杂钙钛矿锰氧化物庞磁电阻材料La0.9Sb0.1MnO3,并在不同温度测量了La0.9Sb0.1MnO3的电子自旋共振谱.观察到La0.9Sb0.1MnO3体系存在相分离现象,实验证明,这种电子掺杂的锰氧化物具有复杂的磁结构,随温度升高样品逐渐由铁磁态向顺磁态转变,在220～260K的过渡温区,样品的磁状态最复杂,存在铁磁、顺磁多个磁相共存的现象.通过分解电子自旋共振的积分吸收谱,分析了La0.9Sb0.1MnO3样品磁性随温度的演变过程,并讨论了电子掺杂锰氧化物的磁不均匀性和相分离现象.     

Electrical Transport and Magnetic Properties of La0.67Ca0.33Mn1-xCrxO3 and La0.67＋xCa0.33-x Mn1-xCrxO3 （0.04≤x≤0.08）

A comparative study for two different series, La0.67Ca0.33Mn1-xCrxO3 and La0.67＋xCa0.33-x Mn1-xCrxO3 is performed with x changing from 0.04 to 0.08 through measurements of zero-field resistivity （p）, magnetoresistance （MR） and ac susceptibility （Z） as functions of temperature （T）. For the second group, a single insulator-metal transition was characterized by the resistivity maximum appears in p vs. T curve. For the first group, besides the resistivity peak appearing at higher temperatures, the sample shows evidence for the existence of another peak appearing at lower temperatures. Compared to the first group, the second group shows a significant enhancement in MR effect, while the measurement ofΧ-T dependence does not display obvious differences for the two series. Different behaviors observed in the two series are discussed by considering possible exchange interaction between Mn^3- ion and Cr^3- ion.     

Magnetoresistance plateau in La2/3Ca1/3Bi x Mn1 − x O3 granular system

The effect of doping additional Bi on the magnetoresistance (MR) of La_2/3Ca_1/3B _x Mn_1−x O₃ was investigated. It is found that traditional colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) peak can only be observed in the x<0.05 samples and the peak value decreases with the increase of x, but the x≥0.05 samples show a magnetoresistance plateau above 200 K because of the presence of additional (La,Ca,Bi)-O layers. Moreover, this MR plateau is enhanced for the segregation of the La, Ca, and Bi elements. Funded by the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (FANEDD) (No. 200233)     

Synthesis and Characterization of Li-doped LaMnO3 CMR Materials

A series of bulk polycrystalline La1-xLixMnO3 samples with x ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 was prepared by sol-gel method,X-ray diffraction patterns show that the crystal structures are single rhombohedral perorskite for the x≤0.3 sample and the impurity appears when x〉0.3.Under the same synthesized conditions,the higher Li content samples display a higher content of liquid phase content and larger mean grain sizes,which leads to the increases of the effect of the grain boundaries.The experimental results show that the change of the ferromagnetic transition temperature and the resistivity can attribute to the effect of the grain boundary and the connectivity of the inter grains as well as the ratio of Mn^3＋ to Mn^4＋.     

Preparation and properties of 4.25Cu-0.75Ni／NiFe2O4 cermet

4.25Cu-0.75Ni/NiFe₂O₄ cermets were prepared by doping NiFe₂O₄ ceramic matrix with the mixed powders of Cu and Ni or Cu-Ni alloy powder as the electrical conducting metallic elements. The effects of technological parameters, such as the adding modes of metallic elements, the ball milling time, the sintering time and the sintering temperature, on the relative density and resistivity of the cermets were studied. The results show that the resistivity of 4.25Cu-0.75Ni/NiFe₂O₄ cermets decreases with increasing temperature, and has a turning point at 590 °C, which is similar to that of NiFe₂O₄ ceramic. The sintering temperature and adding modes of metallic elements have a great influence on the properties of 4.25Cu-0.75Ni/NiFe₂O₄ cermets. When the sintering temperature increases from 1200 °C to 1300 °C, the relative density increases from 89.86% to 95.33%, and the resistivity at 960 °C decreases from 0.11 Ω · cm to 0.03 Ω · cm, respectively. When the metallic elements are added with the mixed powders of Cu and Ni, the cermets of finely and uniformly dispersed metallic phase, high density and electric conductivity are obtained. The relative density and resistivity at 960 °C are 90.23% and 0.04 Ω · cm respectively for the cermet samples sintered at 1200 °C for 2 h, which are both better than those of the cermets prepared under the same technique conditions but with the metallic elements added as 85Cu-15Ni alloy powders. Foundation item: Project (G1999064903) supported by the National Key Fundamental Research and Development Program of China; project(2001AA335013) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China; project (50204014) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Enhanced Low-field Magnetoresistence in the Absence of Mn Content in Polycrystalline La0.67Ca0.33MnO3

Magnetic and electrical transport properties of the La0.67Ca0.33Mn1-xO3 （x=0-0.16）, which were prepared by the sol-gel method followed by sintering treatment at 1 450, 1 100 and 900 ℃, respectively, were investigated. Experimental results show that, with the increase of x, the resistivity of samples increases and the insulator-metal transition temperature shifts towards lower temperature. Meanwhile, the intrinsic megnetoresistance effect is weakened and the extrinsic magnetoresistance is enhanced. For the samples with x=0.16 and 0.10 sintered at 1 100 ℃ and 900 ℃, respectively, low field magnetoresistance as high as about 50% can be observed. Furthermore, for the samples sintered at 1 100 ℃ and 900 ℃, the grain size is not only controlled by about sintering temperature, but also by the absence of Mn content x.     

Electrical Transport and Magnetic Properties of La0.67Ca0.33Mn1-xCrxO3 and La0.67＋xCa0.33-x Mn1-xCrxO3 （0.04≤x≤0.08）

A comparative study for two different series,La0.67Ca0.33Mn1-xCrxO3 and La0.67+xCa0.33-xMn1-x CrxO3,is performed with x changing from 0.04 to 0.08 through measurements of zero-field resistivity (ρ) magnetoresistance(MR) and ac susceptibility (x) as functions of temperature(T). For the second group,a single insulator-metal transition was characterized by the resistivity maximum appears in ρ VS.T curve.For the first group,besides the resistivity peak appearing at higher temperatures,the sample shows evidence for the existence of another peak appearing at lower temperatures.Compared to the first group,the second group shows a significant enhancement in MR effect,while the measurement of x-T dependence does not display obvious differences for the two series.Different behaviors observed in the tWO series are discussed by considering possible exchange interaction between Mn3+ ion and Cr3+ ion.     

The Evidence of Phase Separation in Perovskite Manganites Above Tc

A series of bulk ceramic samples of La4-xCaxMnO3 and Y4-x CaxMnO3 was prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method, and the samples of x = 1/3 were investigated particularly. The colossal magnetoresistance phenomenon and the properties of magnetic and transport were studied in detail by the experim-ents of magnetic susceptibility and low temperature resistance. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to investigate the charge inhomogeneities in our samples at room temperature for the first time, and phase separation and colossal magnetoresistance phenomena induced by charge inhamogencities above Tc were discovered.     

固相烧结法制备高纯LaCoO3粉末

LaCoO3是典型的ABO3型钙钛矿化合物。它具有优异的化学稳定性和高温下的良导电性，在环境催化分解、汽车尾气处理、巨磁阻材料、二次电池和燃料电池的电极材料等方面都有着十分广泛的应用前景。通过XRD谱和XPS研究发现，固相烧结法制备LaCoO3的最佳配比为Co La=105%，最佳烧结时间为50小时。     

镍基铋化物GdONiBi和空穴掺杂的Gd0 0.9 Sr0.1 ONiBi的超导电性（英文）

摘要：制备了镍基化合物GdONiBi,并且得到其超导转变温度为45K.通过用Sr元素部分的替代Gd元素向该物质中引入空穴,得到了一种新的超导体Gd0-9Ni0-1其转变温度为47K.两种镍基化合物超导体正常金属态的电阻率均显示出金属行为.通过对其磁电阻效应的研究发现其磁电阻效应显示出与铁基超导体不同的行为,表明两者之间的超导机制可能存在差异.     

La1-xZnxMnO3和La2/3Sr_((1-x)/3)Znx/3MnO3的磁电输运特性

用固相反应方法制备La1-xZnxMnO3和La2/3Sr(1-x)/3Znx/3MnO3化合物。La1-xZnxMnO3在不同掺杂浓度x的研究表明:Zn2+在一定浓度范围内掺杂,具有钙钛矿结构,但掺杂浓度在50%~70%时有ZnO衍射峰,其电阻率在100 K以上随温度而下降,当掺杂浓度为x=0.3时电阻率最低。当Zn2+和Sr2+共掺而     

Transport properties and microstructure of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanocrystalline thin films grown by polymer-assisted chemical solution deposition

Perovskite-based materials can be widely used in the aerospace and transportation field. Perovskite manganese oxides La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ (LSMO) thin films were grown on LaAlO₃ (100) and Si (100) single crystal substrates by the polymer-assisted chemical solution deposition (PACSD) method. Electronic transport behavior, microstructure, and magnetoresistance (MR) of LSMO thin films on different substrates were investigated. The resistance of LSMO films fabricated on LaAlO₃ substrates is smaller than that on the Si substrates. The magnetic field reduces resistance of LSMO films both on Si and LAO in the wide temperature region, when the insulator-metal transition temperature shifts to higher temperature. The low-field magnetoresistance of LSMO films on Si in low temperature range at 1 T is larger than that of LSMO films on LAO. However, the MR of LSMO film on LAO films at room-temperature is about 5.17 %. The thin films are smooth and dense with uniform nanocrystal size grain. These results demonstrate that PACSD is an effective technique for producing high quality LSMO films, which is significant to improve the magnetic properties and the application of automotive sensor.

     

Vaporization behavior of lead from the FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 slag system

Vaporization behavior (1163–1463 K) of lead in the slag system of FeO-CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ with CaCl₂ was examined. A thermodynamic estimation with the principle of Gibbs free energy minimization showed that the major vapor species from the sample of the FeO-CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ system+PbO+CaCl₂ were metallic Pb, PbCl, PbCl₂, and FeCl₂, at the experimental temperature range. The experimental results show that the mole ratio of vaporized Cl in lead chlorides to vaporized Pb, simply expressed as Cl/Pb, decreases with increasing temperature. The larger Cl/Pb means a larger ratio of gaseous PbCl₂, since metallic Pb and PbCl vapors are formed in a similar reduction atmosphere. The evaporation is initially rapid and becomes steady after holding for 10 min. Gaseous PbCl₂ is mainly formed during the heating period, and at the holding stage, it reacts with FeO to produce gaseous FeCl₂. With regard to slag composition, FeO content and basicity significantly affect the evaporation of lead. High FeO content and high basicity promotes the formation of metallic Pb and PbCl, whereas, it prohibits PbCl₂ evaporation.     

Synthesis and room temperature ferromagnetism in Fe-doped CuAlO2 semiconductor

The synthesis and characterization of Fe-doped CuAlO₂ semiconductor were reported. The samples were synthesized by a simple and cost effective spin-on technique from solid state reaction of Cu₂O and Al₂O₃ on sapphire (001) substrate. Appropriate ethyl-cellulose (EC) and terpineol are useful for the formation of Fe-doped CuAlO₂ films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the growth of pure delafossite CuAlO₂ phase ruled out elemental metallic Fe clusters in all the Fe incorporated CuAlO₂ films. The existence of ferromagnetism at room temperature is evidenced by well-defined hysteresis loops. Specially, the saturation magnetization (M _s) values at room temperature have been monotonously enhanced with the increase of Fe composition from 1% to 5%.     

Microstructure and AMR Properties of Permalloy Films Sputtered on （Ni0.81Fe0. 19 ）0.66Cr0.34 Buffer

(Ni_0.81 Fe_0.19)_0.66 Cr_0.34 has a high resistivity and a crystal structure close to that of Ni_0.81 Fe_0.19. The electrical and X-ray diffraction measurements prove that a thin NiFeCr seed layer induces a well (111)-orented Ni_0.81 Fe_0.19 film. Post-annealing treatment improves the magnetic properties of (Ni_0.81Fe_0.19)_0.66 Cr_0.34(45Å)/Ni_0.81Fe_0.19 (150Å)/Ta(55Å) thin film prepared under a deposition field, whereas the inter-diffusion of NiFe/Ta deteriorates the magnetoresistance properties of the film.     

An optical investigation of silver nanoclusters composite soda-lime glass formed by electric field assisted diffusion

Silver nanoclusters (NCs) embedded in soda-lime glass was synthesized by the electric fieldassisted diffusion (EFAD) and successive annealing. The samples were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and lifetime measurements. The experimental results show that the growth of silver clusters is favored by the annealing temperature and dwell time. The as-diffused and annealed glass samples show photoluminescence around 550 nm under UV excitation, which can be associated with the presence of L-center and Ag₃ ⁺ cluster. And the increasing of the annealing temperature and dwell time results in an appearance of the SPR peak and the decreasing of the luminescence intensities because the Ag₃ ⁺ clusters grow up into the Ag nanoparticles.     

A cluster line approach to finding new Fe-B-Y-Nb-Zr bulk metallic glasses

The glass forming ability of the [(Fe_12/13Y_1/13)_100-xB_x]₉₆Nb₂Zr₂ (x=9–26) system was investigated using a series of cluster lines. Three types of clusters, an icosahedron (Fe₁₂Y), a capped Archimedes anti-prism (Fe₈B₃) and a capped trigonal prism (Fe₉B), as well as a binary eutectic (Fe₈₃B₁₇) were considered. Bulk glassy alloy rods of 3 mm in diameter were synthesized using a copper mold suction-casting method. The glass transition temperature was observed for all samples in the boron range of 15.9at%-25.7at%, with the alloy at 15.9at% of boron having the best thermal properties. The ferrous-based bulk metallic glasses (BMG) obtained have high reduced glass transition temperatures with the maximum reaching 0.63 and large supercooled liquid regions with the maximum reaching 111 K. Magnetic testing revealed a large value of coercive force and remanent magnetization, being 11 kA/m and 0.1 T, respectively.     

Characterization of yield stress development of cement paste by electrical resistivity

Yield stress development of cement paste is potentially governed by percolation of 3-dimensional links formed by hydration products on the surface of the particles. It rises steadily at a gradual rate before a sudden increase in rate of growth. In this study, a method was proposed to predict the yield stress development based on the diameter of spread(D) of mini slump cone test and gradient from electrical resistivity measurement(K_m). To evaluate the significance of(D) and(K_m) in terms of yield stress, they were quantitatively compared to the initial yield stress(τ_0) and rate of yield stress growth(K) obtained from a rheometer. A mathematical relationship between the yield stress of cement paste, diameter of spread and electrical resistivity characteristic gradient was developed. The equation developed can be used as an alternative method to estimate yield stress of cement paste.