宣纸稻草制浆新工艺的研究（上）

宣纸是我国独特的纸制品. 文章详细介绍了传统宣纸原材料的选择,加工和纸张的抄造技术.并提出了宣纸稻草制浆的技术,进一步改进传统工艺,走可持续发展的道路.     

宣纸稻草制浆新工艺的研究（下）

宣纸是我国独特的纸制品.文章详细介绍了传统宣纸原材料的选择、加工和纸张的抄造技术.并提出了宣纸稻草制浆的技术,进一步改进传统工艺,走可持续发展的道路.     

基于纸张老化机理科学认识宣纸的耐久性

纸张主要由植物纤维组成,其主要成分有纤维素、半纤维素、木质素,另外还有少量的树脂、灰分等;纸张老化则是纸张的一个自然属性。作为需要永久保存的文献、档案以及艺术创作使用的纸质载体材料(包括宣纸)需要具有良好的耐久性。本文对纸张老化机理和影响纸张老化的主要因素进行了系统阐述,对无酸纸作为永久性文献和档案用纸的特点进行了分析;在此基础上,对宣纸的老化、宣纸的耐久性和宣纸的标准进行了总结,并对未来宣纸生产和宣纸标准的修改提出了初步建议。     

棉料、净皮和特净3种宣纸性能对比

宣纸作为我国传统文化代表物品之一,凝聚了许多古代精巧的工艺技术,其中沙田稻草和青檀树皮纤维所占比例不同,得到的宣纸性能亦不同。为了比较出不同宣纸的特点,选取了最具代表性的的棉料、净皮和特净3种宣纸,对其形貌、力学性能和润墨性能进行了比较。结果表明:青檀树皮含量对宣纸的性能有重要影响,青檀树皮含量高的特净宣纸综合性能最佳。     

浅述传统宣纸原料生产过程和发展

介绍宣纸生产主要原料、生产基本过程及对宣纸原料开发研究的探讨。     

氨基硅烷偶联剂用于宣纸脱酸加固研究

研究了3种氨基硅烷偶联剂(KH791、KH550、JH-M902)对宣纸的脱酸加固作用。采用纸张抗张强度、耐折度、p H值、白度等对加固性能进行分析,利用红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜表征了处理前后宣纸的结构。结果表明,氨基硅烷偶联剂的分子结构对宣纸加固性能影响显著,单一KH791对宣纸加固效果最好;经KH791处理能明显提高宣纸的抗张强度,同时可大幅度提高宣纸的耐折度。氨基硅烷偶联剂的碱性可以中和纸张老化过程中生成的酸,加固处理后的宣纸抗老化能力明显提高。     

浅述宣纸形成要素及发展

对宣纸形成的诸要素、特性及宣纸的传承发展进行了综述和探讨。优质的原料、清澈的水源、良好的地理环境、独特的传统技艺等是制造宣纸不可或缺的条件;宣纸的特性形成与其所采用特殊的纤维材料和制作工艺密切相关;宣纸要发扬光大,就要将现代技术与传统工艺有机地融合在一起,只有这样,宣纸传统工艺才能得到有效的保护和传承。     

宣纸摩擦学性能研究

为了使宣纸根据自身性能得到最佳的使用,进行接触角测试实验和模拟笔划实验对宣纸进行浸润性和摩擦学性能分析,得到以下结果:半生熟宣纸与水和墨汁接触具有较高的接触角,更适合书写,生宣纸与墨水的接触角较低,更适合绘画;宣纸摩擦性能受其纤维粗细和紧密性影响较大,含有粗纤维的宣纸具有更好的耐磨性能,含有粗细均匀且高紧密性纤维的宣纸摩擦性能更稳定。使用更加现代的科研仪器以及科学方法分析宣纸的多种性能,使人们更理性地理解宣纸的特性和价值,更有利于进行艺术创作以及宣纸技艺的传承。摘要:宣纸;摩擦磨损;接触角;磨损特性     

宣纸土焙研究

土焙晒纸是宣纸传统制作技艺中的重要组成部分。研究者深入宣纸原产地,对宣纸土焙制作材料、制作工具、制作过程、工时与工价、土焙规格、烧焙与晒纸等进行了较为详细的实地考察研究,对宣纸土焙与当下主要采用的铁焙进行了对比分析,最后得出结论:宣纸土焙晒出的宣纸,经过千百年的历史检验,被誉为"千年寿纸",但也有某些缺陷;现代条件下采用的铁焙具有建造便捷、平面光滑匀整、劳动效率提高的优势,但也有某些缺陷。在大力倡导非物质文化遗产传承、保护的今天,从宣纸纸张历史检验对比和保持文化多样性、丰富性角度出发,建议宣纸产地应土焙和铁焙同时使用。     

宣纸及其鉴别

介绍了宣纸的产地、特点、生宣、熟宣及其宣纸的真假鉴别。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.