路谱激励下的汽车电器振动实验夹具设计

为了保证汽车电器件在汽车正常行驶过程中不会由于振动而损坏,我们必须对汽车电器进行振动实验,检测其可靠性寿命。本文介绍了在整车电器振动试验中某汽车前大灯的夹具结构设计过程,设计时在满足夹具基本夹持功能的基础上应用有限元分析的方法重点分析其动态特性如频率、质量、重心位置等,并在结构设计完成后对夹具的这些特性进行优化设计和实验验证。     

试验夹具动态设计

为考核汽车电器的可靠性,需对其进行振动可靠性实验。装夹和固定电器系统元件的夹具,是实验的重要组成部分,其动态性能对振动试验有重要影响。根据试件的外形及安装定位方式建立了夹具的三维模型,用有限元方法计算了夹具的模态频率与振型,依据分析结果对夹具的结构进行了改进,使夹具动态性能满足试验要求。     

可靠性强化试验通用夹具研究

针对可靠性强化试验中全轴随机振动试验的通用夹具问题展开研究，首先提出了基于全轴随机振动环境多轴非比例加载，非高斯幅值分布、宽频带等特性的全新夹具设计要求，然后通过理论分析得出了夹具设计的一般原则，最后设计实现了一种可靠性强化试验通用夹具，并对该夹具进行了测试验证，全轴随机振动试验的夹具设计是可靠性强化试验在工程应用中的关键技术，该文的研究可以为可靠性强化试验的推广应用提供广泛借鉴．     

振动试验夹具的优化设计及模态试验

将优化设计引入到夹具的设计环节中,运用拓扑优化和尺寸优化来合理布置材料分布以及优化板件厚度尺寸,提高夹具设计效率和设计质量,采用数字信号处理的方法对加工出来的夹具进行模态试验,将模态试验的结果与有限元模态分析的结果进行对比。证明了优化设计在夹具设计中的可靠性和适用性,为今后夹具的动态设计提供有价值的参考。     

车辆变速器弯扭振动特性分析

为研究车辆变速器弯扭振动特性，以某车辆变速器为研究对象，根据振动弯曲理论，建立变速器齿轮轴系弯扭振动数学模型；将不规则的变速器侧面箱体简化为质量均匀的薄板，基于薄板理论推导考虑传动轴系弯扭振动激励下的箱体振动方程；对传动轴弹性化处理后进行模态分析得到其振型函数，采用数值方法求解齿轮轴系和箱体的振动响应；分析箱体和齿轮轴系振动特性，并设计台架试验进行验证。结果表明：测点试验结果与计算结果的均方根值最大误差为32%，且振动趋势一致。研究结果可为探明车辆变速器弯扭振动传递机理与变速器动态可靠性研究提供理论基础。     

基于最小响应偏离度的振动夹具优化设计

为了解决夹具传递给试件的振动量级的输入严重不均匀和偏离参考谱加速度均方根值的现象,依据电动振动台多点控制原理和夹具频响函数特性,建立夹具优化计算模型。以某试件夹具设计为实例,依据Nastran软件计算夹具频响函数值,根据所建优化计算模型,求出夹具最优设计参数。优化结果表明,优化后夹具传力点处的响应均方偏离度及加速度均方根值的变动范围均小于传统方法设计的夹具所求值;同时,优化后的夹具振动试验测试结果表明,传力点处实测加速度均方根值的变动范围与夹具设计阶段优化后的计算值变动范围基本一致,这就证明该优化方法是可行的和实用的,可以为振动试验实施和夹具设计提供实践和理论指导。     

包装件缓冲特性的有限元仿真可靠性分析

目的研究计算机有限元仿真在缓冲包装研发环节的可靠性。方法利用计算机仿真进行缓冲包装研发,能够较全面地提供所需参数,缩短开发周期,但计算机仿真的可靠性有待进一步验证。通过Ansys Workbench对智能灯泡包装件的缓冲特性进行仿真分析,主要分析包装衬垫的加速度响应,并结合传统的振动与跌落试验进行对比。结果振动、跌落的仿真结果与真实试验的结果误差分别为9%和15.91%,排除客观存在的误差,两者差异在可接受范围内。结论验证了有限元仿真方法在缓冲包装研发环节的可靠性,可为传统的包装研发环节提供新方法。     

超高斯随机振动疲劳加速试验模型研究EI北大核心CSCD

通过理论分析,针对超高斯随机振动激励建立了相应的振动疲劳加速试验数学模型,给出了模型中未知参数的具体求解方法,并通过实际试验进行了验证。该模型十分便于进行振动疲劳加速试验的定量设计,具有很好的工程实用性,可用于评估随机振动环境下工程结构的疲劳寿命与可靠性。     

环境振动试验传感器布置优化方法研究

为了快速获得最优的加速度传感器布置位置,依据电动振动台多点控制原理和夹具传递函数特性,建立了传感器布置优化计算模型。以一夹具为实例建立有限元模型,利用nastran软件求出传递函数,然后,根据所建优化模型获得传感器最优布置位置,最后,通过夹具振动试验测试夹具与试品连接部位处的响应。测试结果表明优化方法所得的响应加速度均方偏离度明显小于传统方法,证明了该优化方法是实用和可行的,并能为环境振动试验中的传感器布置和夹具设计提供实践与理论指导。     

冲击载荷下航空发动机转子振动特性试验方法EI北大核心CSCD

以某舰载涡桨发动机动力涡轮转子为研究对象,基于动力学相似设计原则设计了与真实转子动力特性一致的模拟转子,并验证了动力学相似设计的正确性。提出一种冲击载荷下转子振动特性试验方法,在振动台上开展高速电机抗冲击性能和转子在冲击载荷下的振动特性试验研究,验证了高速电机具备不低于10 g的垂向抗冲击性能,提取了转子在冲击载荷下的瞬态振动响应,获取了冲击时振动响应主要频率成分。研究表明,模拟转子动力特性与真实转子具有良好一致性,冲击时振动响应基频不变,但存在较复杂的其他频率成分。研究为某舰载涡桨发动机的研制提供了技术支持,为转子在冲击载荷下的动力学试验提供了方法。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。