吡虫啉及其混配防治稻虱及稻纵卷叶暝

田间试验结果表明，吡虫啉具有对稻虱击倒力强，持效期长，防效高而对天敌安全的特点。在稻虱低龄若虫高峰期，亩用吡虫啉１０－３０克，药后２天防效达９２．４－１００％，而噻嗪酮仅为４７．７％。药后３２天调查，吡虫啉对稻仍保持很高防效且对蜘蛛杀伤率低。在亩用１０－２０克防治稻虱适宜剂量下，可混配杀虫单每亩３０－３５克，以兼治稻纵地暝。     

吡虫啉防治水稻白背飞虱效果及对水稻,天敌的安全性试验

吡虫啉防治稻白背飞虱效果及对天敌，水稻的安全性试验结果表明，在白背飞虱大发生虫量的成虫盛发期，亩用１０％吡虫啉可湿性粉剂７．５－２０克进行防治，药后１天总防效达６５５以上，优于噻嗪酮，的于异丙威，药后７－２５天防效达９６．１－１００％，优于异丙威；持效期２５天以上，对农田主要天敌蜘蛛和水稻安全性好，保产效果明显。     

13%吡虫啉微胶囊剂防治蚜虫药效试验

田间试验结果表明，13％吡虫啉微胶囊剂对菜蚜、棉蚜的防效突出。施用1－1．2g a.i./667m^2防效达90％以上，持效期30天以上，相同用药量吡虫啉微胶囊剂防效及持效明显优于可湿性粉剂。     

吡虫啉防治水稻秧田蓟马的初步研究

每１００公斤水稻干种拌７Ｏ％吡虫啉１００、２００、３００克三个处理对稻蓟马的防效分别是９８．１％、９７．６％、９８．６％，其持效期都在３０天以上，可使稻苗在整个秧田期免遭稻蓟马危害。每亩用４克吡虫啉喷雾，药后１、３、７天防效分别达９０．６％、８７．８％、８８．３％，且对水稻安全，可作为防治稻蓟马新药剂。     

吡虫啉防治柑桔红蜘蛛试验

田间试验证明,吡虫啉对柑桔红蜘蛛具有较好的防治效果,吡虫啉１０、３０、５０ｇａ．ｉ．／ｈｍ＾２,施药后四周防效仍达９０％以上,并有明显的增产作用。     

吡虫啉及其混配防治稻虱及稻纵卷叶螟

田间试验结果表明，吡虫啉具有对稻虱击倒力强、持效期长、防效高而对天敌安全的特点。在稻虱低龄若虫高峰期，亩用吡虫啉１０～３０克，药后２天防效达９２．４～１００％，而噻嗪酮仅为４７．７％。药后３２天调查，吡虫啉对稻虱仍保持很高防效且对蜘蛛杀伤率低。在亩用１０～２０克防治稻虱适宜剂量下，可混配杀虫单每亩３０～３５克，以兼治稻纵卷叶螟。     

三氯喹啉酸防除不同叶龄稗草效果

２５％二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂的不同用量对不同叶龄的稗草都有较好的防效，而且对水稻安全。每亩用４０克对２－３叶龄稗草的株防效达８５－９５％；５０克对４－５叶龄稗草株防效达６５－８５％；６０克对６－７叶龄、８０克对７叶龄以上稗草株防效达６０％左右，以上各处理的鲜重防效均有８５％以上。亩用１００克孕穗至抽穗期稗草的抑制率达１００％，中毒稗草叶片枯黄，植株矮小，不能正常抽穗，结实。     

乙草胺与莎多福混配防除稻田杂草的配比研究

介绍了乙草胺和莎多福不同配比混用室内毒力测定及大田药效试验。结果表明乙草胺：莎多福按３．３－７．５：１的比例混配，对稗草的防效达９５％以上，四叶萍的防效达９０％以上，莎草防效达１００％。水稻增产幅度大于１０％，对大苗移栽水稻安全。     

吡虫啉对稻飞虱,蚜虫的防治效果

１０％吡虫啉可湿性粉剂防治晚稻稻飞虱每公顷用７５－３００克，１０天后防效为８１．９－９２．２％，比２５％，噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂每公顷用３７５克的防效高１０５以上，２０天的防效相近。防治小麦蚜虫与乐果乳油每公顷７５０毫升用量比较，１－５天防效接近。吡虫啉的大田用药量以每化顷１５０克较合适。     

2.5%高渗吡虫啉可湿性粉剂渗透,润湿性及对麦蚜的防铲

高渗吡虫啉渗透，润湿性强，每公顷用有效成分６．３克，对麦蚜防效达９５％以上，用量比普通吡虫啉减少５０％以上，而防效却相当，且持效期明显地优于氧乐果。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。