Mg-Al-Zn-Nd稀土镁合金成形性能研究

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机对AZ31B-0.8Nd稀土镁合金在应变速率为0.01～1s-1,温度为300～450℃,最大变形量约为70%的条件下,进行了恒应变速率高温压缩模拟实验,研究了实验合金在高温变形时的流变应力与应变速率及变形温度之间的关系和组织变化。结果表明:合金的流变应力随应变速率的增大而增加,随应变温度的升高而减小;在应变速率和变形温度相同时,挤压态试样的流变应力明显低于铸态试样的流变应力,压缩变形量对应力应变关系的影响很小。探明了镁合金变形软化的主要机制是动态再结晶。根据实验分析,合金的热加工宜在400～450℃温度范围内进行,并且挤压态较铸态更易热挤压成型,更有助于晶粒细化。     

Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr稀土镁合金的热变形行为

采用GLEEBLE-1500热模拟机对Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr稀土镁合金在温度为250～450.℃、应变速率为0.002～0.100.s-1、最大变形程度为60%的条件下, 进行高温压缩模拟实验研究. 分析了实验合金在高温变形时的流变应力和应变速率及变形温度之间的关系, 计算了变形激活能和应力指数, 并研究了在热压缩过程中组织的变化, 为确定该稀土镁合金的挤压温度提供了实验依据. 结果表明: 合金的峰值流变应力随应变速率的增大而增加, 随温度的升高而降低; 合金的变形激活能在300～400.℃内变化不大, 而在400～450.℃时增加很大; 根据实验分析认为该稀土镁合金挤压温度定在350～400.℃左右为宜; 在350.℃左右顺利挤出的实验合金有很好的力学性能: σb=275.5.MPa, δ=13.5%.     

镁合金Mg-Zn-Y-Zr的高温变形及本构方程

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机对铸态镁合金Mg-Zn-Y-Zr在变形温度为250～450℃,应变速率为0.001～1s-1条件下的高温压缩变形行为进行研究,利用双曲正弦关系描述了该合金的本构方程。结果表明,Mg-Zn-Y-Zr合金的高温流动应力-应变曲线主要以动态回复和动态再结晶软化机制为特征,峰值应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加;在真实应力-应变曲线基础上,建立的Mg-Zn-Y-Zr合金高温变形的本构模型较好地表征了其高温流变特性。     

挤压态7075铝合金高温流变行为及神经网络本构模型

采用Gleeble1500D热模拟实验机研究挤压态7075铝合金在变形温度为250～450℃、应变速率为0.01～10s-1下单道次压缩过程的高温流变行为。结果表明:材料在350℃及以下变形时,流变应力曲线呈动态回复型;在温度为350℃以上、应变速率为0.1s-1时,流变曲线局部陡降明显;当应变速率为10s-1时,流变曲线发生波动,呈动态再结晶型;挤压态7075铝合金的流变应力曲线峰值应力及稳态应力均高于铸态合金的,且在变形温度较高时,挤压态材料更易于发生动态软化。基于BP神经网络建立挤压态7075铝合金的本构关系模型,预测值与实验值对比表明:所建立的本构模型整体误差在5.35%以内,拟合度为2.48%,该模型可以用于描述7075铝合金的高温变形流变行为,为该合金热变形过程分析和有限元模拟提供基础。     

AZ91D镁合金高温压缩变形行为

针对AZ91D镁合金,采用Gleeble1500D热模拟实验机对原始铸态试样在不同温度和应变速率下的高温压缩变形行为进行了实验研究.结果表明,AZ91D镁合金在压缩温度为200℃时,随着应变速率增大,应力升高加快;压缩温度为300～400 ℃、应变速率为0.001～1 s-1时,材料呈现出稳态流变的特性;当应变速率提高到5 s-1时,未出现稳态流变现象.建立了AZ91D镁合金低、高温压缩的变形力学模型,其结果可为镁合金的塑性成形工艺的制订提供理论依据.     

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金热压缩流变应力的研究

采用恒应变速率高温压缩模拟实验，对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金在应变速率为0．001～1．0s^-1、变形温度为150～500℃条件下的流变应力行为进行了研究，计算了变形激活能及相应的应力指数，建立了峰值流变应力方程。结果表明：在恒温条件下，合金的流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大；在恒应变速率条件下，合金的流变应力随温度的升高而降低；在350-500℃，0．001～1．s^-1的变形条件下，变形激活能和应力指数分别为2215kJ／mol和368；流变应力方程计算出的峰值应力与真实值基本吻合。     

AZ61镁合金高温变形应力修正及本构方程的建立

有限元模拟日益成为金属成形工艺优化的有力工具，而工程材料变形行为本构方程的精确描述是保证模拟精度的关键之一。通过热模拟实验对AZ61镁合金的高温压缩变形行为进行研究，实验设备为Gleeble3500热模拟实验机，实验采用的温度为250、300、350、400和450℃，应变速率为0，01、0，1、1、10和50s^-1。研究发现，AZ61镁合金流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低，随应变速率的升高而升高。在高应变速率下，变形热引起的试样温升非常显著。为了真实地反应AT61镁合金高温压缩变形时的力学行为，对流变应力作出相应修正，并根据修正后的流变应力建立高温变形本构方程。     

AZ91镁合金高温变形本构关系

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机对AZ91镁合金进行了高温压缩变形实验,分析了该合金在变形温度为250-400℃,应变速率为0.001-1 s-1条件下流变应力的变化规律.结果表明,变形温度和应变速率均对流变应力有显著的影响,流变应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而降低,当变形温度≥400℃、应变速率≤0.001 s-1时,流变应力随变形量的增加达峰值后呈稳态流变特征.并采用双曲正弦模型确定了该合金的变形激活能Q和应力指数n随应变量的变化规律,建立了相应的热变形本构关系.经实验验证,所建立的本构关系能较好地反映AZ91镁合金实际热变形行为特征.     

挤压态ZK61 M镁合金热压缩变形行为与本构方程建立

为研究挤压态ZK61M镁合金的热变形行为,采用Gleeble-3800热模拟机在温度为300～450℃、应变速率为0. 001～0. 5 s~(-1)的条件下进行热压缩实验,分析了变形温度、应变速率对流变应力的影响,并对铸态镁合金和挤压态镁合金的变形激活能进行了研究对比,最终将本构方程应用于模拟软件中进行量化验证。结果表明,该合金的流变应力与变形温度负相关,与应变速率正相关,应力-应变曲线拥有动态回复和再结晶的特点。Mg-Zn-Zr系变形镁合金相对类似成分的铸造镁合金,具有更低的变形激活能,如ZK61M,大约为120 kJ·mol~(-1),且Mg-Zn-Zr系镁合金成分是决定变形激活能大小的主要因素,成分相同时,材料的变形激活能基本相近,模拟曲线与实验曲线趋势具有一致性,应力峰值接近。通过Arrenhenius本构方程计算出挤压态ZK61M镁合金的变形激活能Q=122. 685 kJ·mol~(-1),应力指数n=4. 13652,为Mg-Zn-Zr系变形镁合金的热加工工艺参数和制备提供了理论指导。     

铸态Mg-8Y-6Gd-1Nd-0.17Zn稀土镁合金高温压缩本构行为及加工图

研究了铸态Mg-8Y-6Gd-1Nd-0.17Zn镁合金在应变量为50%、温度350℃~450℃、应变速率0.0001s-1~0.1s-1的范围内热压缩过程中的本构行为、组织演变和热加工性能。通过选用双曲正弦本构方程来描述合金的流变行为以及变形参数间的关系。实验结果表明,温度和应变速率对Mg-8Y-6Gd-1Nd-0.17Zn镁合金的流变应力行为有重要影响,其流变应力随温度的降低和应变速率的增加而增大,并且在温度高于400℃压缩时,合金的真应力应变曲线具有典型的动态再结晶特性。在本实验条件下,该合金变形期间的活化能（Q）和应力指数（n）分别为359.258 KJ / mol 和5.24,实验值与计算值之间的平均误差（ARE）为3.37％。最后基于动态材料模型加工理论,结合热加工图和压缩过程中的组织演变,确定了该合金的最佳热加工参数为：加热温度400~450℃,应变速率为0.0001s-1~0.001s-1。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.