磁性纳米微粒的制备方法及其在放射免疫分析中的初步应用

采用化学共沉淀法合成水溶性正癸酸包覆的Fe3O4磁性纳米微粒,并以此为核心物理吸附羊抗兔IgG制备磁性纳米第二抗体,作为磁性分离载体用于放射免疫分析中。用光子相关光谱仪与透射电镜测定了磁性纳米微粒的粒径大小、粒径分布和多分散度等。研究了羊抗兔IgG包被磁性纳米微粒的包被介质的pH、羊抗兔IgG用量和包被时间等制备条件对磁性纳米微粒二抗免疫反应结合能力和非特异结合的影响。结果表明：化学共沉淀法制得的Fe3O4平均粒径约为10-20nm,吸附羊抗兔IgG后其平均粒径为1000nm左右,并可用于放射免疫分析中。提示羊抗兔IgG可通过物理吸附的方法固定在磁性纳米微粒上,其优点是制备方法简便、省时和成本低,在放射免疫分析中具有磁性分离的方便性,具有较大的医学应用价值。     

磁性纳米微粒的188Re标记

将组氨酸固载到氨基化磁性纳米微粒表面.以188Re的面式结构三羰基配合物fac-[188Re(CO)3(H2O)3]+为放射性标记前体,对磁性纳米微粒进行了标记.固载有组氨酸的磁性纳米微粒在70 ℃、pH 6.6下反应40 min ,标记率为(91.4±0.3)%,并且标记物在37 ℃的小牛血清中有良好的体外稳定性,72 h后放射性仍保留80%以上.     

纳米级固体颗粒应用于热管的试验研究

对含有纳米级磁性微粒的磁性流体应用于热管进行了试验研究,分析了微粒浓度对热管传热性能的影响。试验结果表明．在试验研究的范围内,纳米级磁性颗粒应用于热管后减弱了热管的传热,而且磁性流体热管存在一个最优磁性微粒浓度,该浓度下磁性流体热管的传热性能最好。     

水基磁性流体竖直加热棒下的池沸腾传热实验研究

研究了磁性微粒浓度、外加磁场对水基磁性流体在竖直加热棒加热情况下的沸腾传热影响;实验结果显示,磁性微粒浓度和外加磁场对磁性流体的沸腾换热有很大影响：对于中低浓度的磁性流体,存在一个最优的磁粒浓度,在该浓度下沸腾传热的强化效果最显著,施加磁场时,该结论仍然成立。施加磁场能强化磁性流体的沸腾传热。     

水溶液体系中光化学可控合成核壳结构磁性纳米凝胶

通过光化学方法合成并经进一步的Hoffmann降解获得了壳层带有伯胺基核壳结构磁性纳米凝胶,该磁性纳米凝胶粒径分布窄且粒径可控。由于磁性纳米凝胶的壳层水凝胶具有很好的亲水性和生物相容性,且反应过程中不加入任何表面活性剂,为该磁性纳米凝胶的生物应用奠定了良好的基础。通过光化学方法合成窄粒径分布且粒径可控的磁性纳米凝胶就我们认识而言尚未见到文献报道,有望为磁性纳米凝胶的合成提供一种新的方法。我们对合成的磁性纳米凝胶分别用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、光子相关光谱（PCS）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）进行了表征。     

Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对钴和锶的吸附

为降低90Sr和60Co对环境的污染,用共沉淀法制备了粒径为10 nm的Fe3O4磁性微粒,分散于水中生成饱和磁化强度（M）为350 kA/m的水基磁流体,用此磁流体对Co2+, Sr2+进行了吸附研究。结果表明,在45 ℃,吸附60 min时,Co2+, Sr2+分别在pH=7和pH=8下达到吸附平衡,吸附容量为1.794, 0.962 mmol/g。用Langmuir等温模型、假二级动力学模型探讨了Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对Co2+, Sr2+的吸附机制,研究结果表明,该过程是单离子层吸附过程。     

粒径可控的羧基化磁性纳米凝胶的合成

采用光化学原位聚合法制备了粒径可控的羧基化磁性纳米凝胶，研究了滴加单体的量、体系pH、光照时间和链转移剂等对羧基化磁性纳米凝胶粒径的影响。     

聚丙烯酰胺包覆磁性纳米凝胶的光化学法制备及其机理研究

以丙烯酰胺为单体，N，N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，采用光化学方法在水溶液体系中制备了聚丙烯酰胺（Polyacrylamide，PAM）包覆的磁性纳米凝胶，用傅立叶变换红外光谱（Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR），光子相关光谱（Photo correlation spectroscopy,PCS）和电子自旋共振（Electron spin resonance，ESR）波谱对聚丙烯酰胺磁性纳米凝胶进行了表征。研究了磁性纳米凝胶粒径随反应时间、单体浓度、交联剂浓度的变化规律，并探索了聚丙烯酰胺磁性纳米凝胶的包覆机理。     

Au/Fe3O4磁性复合粒子的光化学制备

用紫外光辐照含有纳米 Fe3O4磁流体的氯金酸和聚乙烯醇的水溶液,制备了 Au/Fe3O4磁性复合粒子,并用紫外.可见光谱、X射线衍射和透射电镜对其进行了表征.磁性复合粒子中Au纳米粒子具有面心立方结构,其等离子共振吸收峰分布较窄,说明金纳米粒子的粒径分布较均匀.TEM表明该复合粒子具有团簇状结构,由许多Au和Fe3O纳米粒子构成,尺寸介于70-230 nm范围.对照实验表明聚乙烯醇是Au纳米粒子与Fe304之间复合的必需媒介,据此提出了生成团簇状Au/Fe3O4磁性复合粒子的可能机制.     

光化学制备用于链亲和素固定的胺基磁性纳米凝胶的研究

本工作提出制备胺基磁性纳米凝胶的一种改进方法。在含有烯丙基胺的Fe304水分散液中，运用紫外光辐照引发烯丙基胺原位聚合，一步法制备了聚烯丙基胺磁性纳米凝胶（Polyallylamine magnetic nanogels，PAA，MNGs）。透射电子显微镜（Transmission electron microscope，TEM）和光子相关光谱（Photo correlation spectroscope，PCS）表征了PAA-MNG的形貌和粒径分布；热重分析（Thermogravimetric analysis，TGA）确定了磁性成分的含量，振动样品磁强计（Vibrating sample magnetometer，VSM）测试表明其呈现超顺磁性。利用表面的伯胺基，PAA-MNGs可以方便地偶联蛋白等生物大分子。链亲和素（Streptavidin，SA）经1-乙基3-（3-二甲氨基）碳化二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活化后可以共价固定在PAA—MNGs上，得到链亲和索包覆的纳米磁球（Streptavidin—coated magnetic nanoparticles，SA—MNPs）。使用探针生物素对硝基苯酯（Biotin P—nitrophenyl ester，BNPE）通过光谱检测证实了SA-MNPs的生物素结合能力。表明PAA—MNGs适合于作为载体偶联蛋白等生物大分子，并可能用于生物技术领域的诸多方面。     

Wave propagation in two-phase flow of magnetic fluid under a nonuniform magnetic field

The effect of nonuniform magnetic field on the linear and nonlinear wave propagation phenomena in two-phase pipe flow of magnetic fluid is investigated theoretically to realize the effective energy conversion system using boiling two-phase flow of magnetic fluid. Firstly, the governing equations of two-phase flow based on the unsteady thermal nonequilibrium two-fluid model are presented and the linear void wave propagation phenomena in boiling two-phase flow are numerically analyzed by using the finite volume method. Next, the nonlinear pressure wave propagation in gas-liquid two-phase flow is numerically analyzed by using the finite different method. According to these theoretical studies on the wave propagation phenomena in two-phase flow of magnetic fluid, it seems to be a reasonable proposal that the precise control of the wave propagation in two-phase flow is possible by effective use of the magnetic force.     

窄粒径分布磁性纳米凝胶的光化学制备和表征

Modified magnetic nanoparticles have gained considerable attention because of their great potential applications in biomedical fields, such as protein and enzyme immobilization, bioseparation, immunoassays and biosensor etc. In recent years, great efforts have been made in developing targeted drug carriers by use of magnetic nauogels.Magnetic nanogels of common interest are ferromagnetic magnetite (Fe3O4) coated with cross-linked polymer nanogels. Several methods have been developed to prepare magnetic micro- and nanogels, such as inverse microemulsion polymerization, emulsion polymerization and other methods. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to synthesize poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), polyacrylamide (PAM) superparamagnetic nauogels via photochemical reactions at room temperatures in au emulsion- and initiator-free aqueous system.Temperature-dependent magnetic nanogels weresynthesized by using NIPAM as monomer[1]. The PNIPAM-modified magnetic nauogels have the character of lower critical solution temperature (LCST),and its particle size is sensitive to environmental temperature. Polydispersity index of the magnetic nauogels modified with PNPAM are lower than 0.25(Fig. 1). The magnetic nauogels modified with PAM were prepared by using acrylamide (AM) as monomer.After Hoffinann elimination, nanogels with amino groups were also obtained[2]. Particle size of all the nauogels can be controlled by controlling the reaction time, the monomer concentration and the cross-linker concentration.High zeta potential of the magnetic nauogels were measured by PCS, and their core-shell structure and regular morphology were confirmed by TEM, AFM and SEM, respectively. The nauogels with amino groups were covalently radiolabeled with 188Re complex in vitro.In conclusion, a new approach to produce magnetic nanogels via photochemical reaction has been developed.Narrow size distribution magnetic nanogels with temperature-sensitive shell and amino groups have been synthesized successfully. This suggests promising potential applications for targeted drug carriers.     

磁场测量系统改造中的控制理论应用

为了提高测量效率，我们希望利用控制理论改造加速器磁场测量系统。构造了闭环的测量系统，在保证测量精度不变的条件下实现了连续测量，减少了测量所需时间。由此验证了引入反馈等控制概念可以改善测量工作效率。     

Design and performance analysis of ITER ex-vessel magnetic diagnostics

Accurate magnetic diagnostics are essential to perform reliable operation of any tokamak. The ITER magnetic diagnostics include a wide variety of sensors located on the inner and outer surfaces of the vacuum vessel, in the divertor cassettes and in the casing of the toroidal field coils. As the measurement accuracy of the inner set of magnetic sensors might be compromised by various radiation effects and high heat loads, the complementary ex-vessel set is essential to provide backup information. This paper is an overview of the ex-vessel magnetic diagnostic which consists mainly of pick-up coils, steady state sensors, Rogowski coils in the toroidal field coil casing and fibre optic current sensors. The work presented aims at designing these sensors to meet the performance requirements in spite of the constraints due to the tokamak environment. The manufacturing constraints and the positioning requirements for all the ex-vessel magnetic sensors are described. The use and expected accuracy of the entire ex-vessel magnetic diagnostic is assessed in terms of magnetic equilibrium reconstruction and plasma current measurement precision.     

一种稳定磁场的方法

本文叙述了HERMES横向极化气体靶的外磁场的磁感应强度随时间减弱现象的发现,探讨了这种减弱的原因。由此开发了一种全自动补偿系统。利用该系统后,磁场的稳定度得到很大提高,如在某测量位置,预置磁感应强度为338.6mT的磁场的稳定度由原来的±0.45mT变化幅度改善到±0.004mT(Stat)±0.048(Syst)mT。     

反冲质子磁分析技术的研究进展

反冲质子磁分析技术作为探测聚变中子能谱的新技术,具有能量分辨率和信噪比高的优点,适合混合干扰和宽量程中子注量率条件下的测量,已经成为聚变装置中子诊断的重要手段.介绍了国际上几个大科学装置研制的反冲质子磁分析谱仪和实验结果,磁质子反冲谱仪(MPR),磁分析系统使用两块分离的电磁铁,能量分辨率达2.5％;磁反冲谱仪(MRS...     

NSRL软X射线磁性圆二色光束线

本文对合肥同步辐射（NSRL）二期工程软X射线磁性圆二色光束线进行了介绍。束线主要包括斩波器系统、前置镜系统、单色器系统、后置镜系统、真空系统、软件及电子学系统。光束线的预期指标为：光通量10^8s^-1,实验站的波长范围为100-1000eV,圆偏振度0．6-0．8（随波长变化而变化）,在1000ev处的能量分辨率为1000,在实验站的焦点处光斑大小为水平方向3mm,垂直方向1mm。