蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐检测方法的研究进展

硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐主要通过蔬菜食用进入人体,亚硝酸盐是一种有毒物质,人食用后会在体内产生致癌性 的亚硝胺。光谱法、色谱法、快速检测法是目前检测蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的主要方法。本文在对上述方法进行 介绍并比较的基础上,对蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐检测方法的研究进展进行了概述与展望。     

应用微型光谱仪检测叶菜硝酸盐含量

人们所摄取的硝酸盐大多来源于蔬菜,硝酸盐经过相关化学反应形成亚硝酸盐,医学证实亚硝酸盐有害人体健康,因此近年来农产品中硝酸盐的残留问题日渐受到瞩目。其中叶菜类为广受人们喜爱的新鲜食材,叶菜硝酸盐含量检测受到最大关注。常见的检测方法如高效能液相层析法、气相层析法及离子层析法,皆能获得准确的结果,但其缺点是器材昂贵、检测耗时与前置作业繁琐,不利于现场实时检测。     

青岛市售冬季大棚蔬菜中亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐含量的测定及安全性评价

蔬菜中亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐含量是其卫生品质的重要指标之一,研究运用格里斯试剂比色法及紫外分光光度法检测了青岛市场上冬季大棚蔬菜217个样品中亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐含量。结果表明,青岛市七区蔬菜市场上叶菜类硝酸盐污染较为严重,大部分蔬菜的亚硝酸盐处于轻、中度污染状态。研究为当地蔬菜的安全供应提供了理论依据和数据支持。     

天然保健食品添加剂——茶多酚

众所周知,腌制品及一些蔬菜中含有较多的硝酸盐,硝酸盐在还原菌作用下易转变为亚硝酸盐,亚硝酸盐又是午餐肉罐头和香肠中的发色食品添加剂。而亚硝酸盐在人体     

贮存条件对蔬菜及其食品中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量的影响

蔬菜是一种易于富积硝酸盐的植物性食品,据White等报道,人类摄取的硝酸盐80%以上来自蔬菜。虽然硝酸盐对人体的直接毒害性不大,但它很容易被还原成为亚硝酸盐,导致人畜患高铁血红蛋白症;更为严重的是,亚硝酸盐还可在人和动物体内与摄入的次级胺等含氮物结合,转化形成公认的强致癌物——亚硝胺,从而诱发消化系统癌变。因此,控制硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐的摄入量,对于维护人体健康至关重要。本文以几种常见的高富积硝酸盐蔬菜为试材,就不同的温度、不同质地的炊具和容器等贮存及烹制条件对鲜菜或菜汤中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量状况的影响进行了初步研究…     

蔬菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐提取与测定的研究

目的:研究蔬菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐对保障人类健康具有重要意义.方法:本实验选择用简便、高效的超声波提取技术提取蔬菜中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐,用紫外分光光度法测定其含量.结果:研究表明,利用紫外分光光度法同时测定蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的方法简单、快速、选择性好.结论:硝酸盐测定的相对误差在-2.52％～1.14％之间,亚硝酸盐测定的相对误差在1.98％～4.26％之间,符合定量测定要求.     

发酵蔬菜中乳酸菌降解亚硝酸盐的研究进展

亚硝酸盐由杂菌代谢产生,广泛存在于发酵蔬菜中,摄入过量会对人体健康造成危害,甚至引发癌症。 该文对发酵蔬菜中亚 硝酸盐的来源及危害、乳酸菌降解亚硝酸盐的机理及影响发酵蔬菜中乳酸菌降解亚硝酸盐的因素进行了综述,旨在为发酵蔬菜中乳 酸菌降解亚硝酸盐的研究提供参考。     

食品添加剂硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐检测方法研究

硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐作为防腐剂和着色剂被广泛应用到食品加工生产当中,但若是过量摄入的话,会直接导致中毒甚至死亡。因此,对食品中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐剂量进行检测,将用量控制在既定范围内,对保证人体健康具有重要意义。本文主要对几种硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐的检测方法进行简述。     

蔬菜中硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐检测方法的研究进展

综述了亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的检测方法,指出了各检测方法的优劣及其应用前景,对于监控蔬菜生产加工中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量,检测蔬菜产品的品质等具有参考意义。     

蔬菜中硝酸盐检测方法对比研究

近年来素食主义开始流行,正常饮食人群对素食的需求也在不断增大。不过蔬菜类食品存在的一个缺点是含有很多的硝酸盐,而这些硝酸盐在自然环境下或者通过人体的代谢又会被还原成亚硝酸盐。众所周知,亚硝酸盐具有毒性并且是重要的致癌物质之一,会对人体造成多方面的伤害。首先,亚硝酸盐可诱发白血病,这是由于亚硝酸盐在血液中反应形成的血红蛋白无法通过与氧气的结合而进行氧气输送,因此会导致全身性的缺氧,这是白血病的主要成因之一,而且这类危害对婴幼儿的影响更加严重。其次,有研究证明硝酸盐对人体吸收碘的能力有很大的影响,影响甲状腺的健康。再次,亚硝酸盐会对孕妇的中枢神经造成影响,最终可能导致新生儿的畸形。最后,由于亚硝酸盐在人体内产生亚硝酸铵,其致癌性令人谈之色变。当前,众多常见的蔬菜例如韭菜、菠菜、白菜、芹菜、包菜等的硝酸盐含量都非常高,因此加强蔬菜中硝酸盐含量的测定非常必要。     

Nitrate and Nitrite Methods of Analysis and Levels in Raw Carrots, Processed Carrots and in Selected Vegetables and Grain Products

Methods for quantitative estimation of nitrate and nitrite were compared. Levels of these ions were measured in vegetables and grain products and effects of processing on nitrate and nitrite levels in carrots were measured. These data allow more accurate estimation of ingestion levels and suggest means to reduce exposure to these ions. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) had better precision and recoveries than either a classical Cd-Griess method nitrate or a Griess method for nitrite. Nitrate concentration by HPLC varied greatly within and between vegetables, ranging from 1 μmol/100g in mushrooms to 5000 μmol/100g in celery and averaging 9.7 ± 4.4 μmol/100g in grains. Nitrate levels in vegetables sold as “organic” were not different (p<0.05) from conventional vegetables. No nitrite was detected in either vegetables or grains. Nitrate was unevenly distributed in carrots with the core having the most. Storage of carrots at -18°C for 10 wk did not alter nitrate levels and no nitrite developed. Fifty-seven percent of nitrate was leached into cooking liquid when frozen carrots were boiled. Thirty-two percent of nitrate was lost during canning and 47% of the remainder was in the liquid. No nitrite developed during 10 wk of canned storage.     

生鲜果蔬物流及包装技术研究与展望

生鲜果蔬是人们膳食结构的基本组成,在国民经济发展中占有重要的战略地位。然而,生鲜果蔬在物流过程中存在保质期短、营养流失严重等难题,难以满足产业快速发展及人们对高品质生活的需求。作者从生鲜果蔬动态物流保鲜的视角,从采后预冷技术、物流包装材料与技术、蓄冷与保温技术、物流过程品质监测技术等方面,全面综述了国内外生鲜果蔬物流及包装技术的研究现状和科技前沿,并对未来的研究趋势进行了展望,旨为生鲜果蔬物流与包装技术的科技创新和产业发展提供参考。     

Changes in nitrate and nitrite concentrations over 24 h for sweet basil and scallions

Nitrate and nitrite concentrations were determined for sweet basil and scallions over 24 h to determine if time of sampling or harvest impacts concentrations in raw vegetables. Also, nitrate and nitrite concentrations were determined separately for various edible parts of these plants. Basil had significant changes in nitrate and nitrite concentrations over a 24 h period. Nitrate was correlated to changes in light intensity with a 3 h lag time. The highest nitrate concentrations in basil (2777 ppm) occurred around 3 h after the light intensity peaked and had low values (165–574 ppm) during the dark period. The scallion nitrate and nitrite concentrations were always low but nitrate showed a peak a few hours before sunrise. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations in some raw vegetables may be reduced by harvesting at the best time of day for each type of plant. Nitrate concentrations were different in the edible plant parts tested.     

Nitrate and nitrite levels in commonly consumed vegetables in Hong Kong

Levels of nitrate and nitrite in 73 different vegetables, a total of 708 individual samples grouped into leafy, legumes, root and tuber, and fruiting vegetables, which are traded mainly in Hong Kong, were measured. Where available, five samples of each vegetable type were purchased from different commercial outlets during the winter of 2008 and summer of 2009. Levels of nitrate and nitrite were determined by ion chromatography and flow injection analysis, respectively. Nitrate and nitrite levels of all samples ranged <4–6300 and <0.8–9.0 mg?kg^?1, respectively. Nitrate concentrations for the different groups, in descending order, were leafy?>?root and tuber?>?fruiting and legume vegetables. More than 80% of vegetables had mean nitrate concentrations less than 2000?mg?kg^?1, but mean nitrate concentrations of three types of leafy vegetables, namely Chinese spinach, Shanghai cabbage and Chinese white cabbage, were >3500?mg?kg^?1. On the other hand, nitrite concentrations were generally low –?<1?mg?kg^?1 on average. Nitrate in vegetables (i.e. Chinese flowering cabbage, Chinese spinach and celery) can be reduced significantly (12–31%) after blanching for 1–3?min, but not after soaking.     

NITRATE AND NITRITE CONTAMINATION IN VEGETABLES IN CHINA

This paper reviews recent studies of nitrate and nitrite contamination in Chinese vegetables. Nitrate and nitrite contamination is very serious and increases the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer applications. Factors influencing nitrate and nitrite contamination in vegetables are analyzed and discussed.     

NITRATE AND NITRITE CONTAMINATION IN VEGETABLES IN CHINA

This paper reviews recent studies of nitrate and nitrite contamination in Chinese vegetables. Nitrate and nitrite contamination is very serious and increases the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer applications. Factors influencing nitrate and nitrite contamination in vegetables are analyzed and discussed.     

替代亚硝酸盐生产安全腌肉制品的研究现状

硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐在腌肉制品加工中同时起着发色、抑菌、抗氧化和提高风味的作用,但硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐与肉中的二级胺反应会形成致癌物质N-亚硝胺,所以寻求一种更加安全有效的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐替代方式,在实际生产中具有重要意义。本文就无硝腌肉制品在亚硝酸盐发色作用、抑菌作用和抗氧化作用的替代物方面开展的研究工作进行综述,提出了天然腌制的概念,重点介绍目前国内外利用蔬菜替代亚硝酸盐的方法,包括将蔬菜粉(或汁)中的硝酸盐用硝酸盐还原菌转化为亚硝酸盐后加入腌肉制品中(先发酵法)和将蔬菜粉(或汁)加入肉馅中再发酵(后发酵法)两种生产方式,并对目前的研究现状、进展、存在问题及今后发展方向进行了论述,以期为生产安全腌肉制品提供借鉴。     

腐霉利检测技术研究进展

腐霉利是一种杀菌剂类农药,主要作用是防治蔬菜、水果及农作物的菌核病,灰霉病及黑斑病,由于其抗真菌效果良好,高效低毒,因此其在世界各国农业生产中得到广泛应用。而腐霉利在果蔬中的残留可能通过食物链进入动物或人体,从而危害动物及人体健康与安全,甚至导致癌症发生,因此许多国对农产品中腐霉利最大残留做了限量要求。2020年,我国有多起农产品中腐霉利超标的报道,凸显出对腐霉利监控检测的重要性。为了提高人们对腐霉利的认知,减少其对消费者的危害,本文对腐霉利的性质,应用,潜在危害及监控检测技术进行了归纳总结,并展望了检测技术的未来发展方向。     

果蔬食品中诺如病毒污染状况及检测研究进展

食源性疾病不但严重危害人们的健康, 而且造成大量的经济损失。在全球范围内与果蔬等农产品相关的诺如病毒(Norovirus, NoV)污染事件持续暴发并呈增长态势。由于果蔬类食品中诺如病毒污染含量较低, 再加上食品基质成分的干扰, 使得果蔬制品中的NoV检测成为一项非常艰巨的任务。传统的检测技术面临许多缺点, 例如鉴定的特异性有待增强; 提取效率不够高, 检测敏感性尚需改进。这意味着需要转换视角, 开展食源性诺如病毒检测技术的创新研究。本文综述了果蔬食品中NoV污染流行状况及易受污染的、需加以关注的果蔬食品种类, 总结了果蔬食品中NoV洗脱及富集方法、介绍了基于组学的检测技术及发展趋势, 希望为不断提高果蔬食品中NoV检测防控能力提供参考。