FY-3E/HIRAS-II发射前热真空定标试验非线性校正

红外高光谱大气探测仪II型（HIRAS-II）是一台傅里叶变换光谱仪,搭载于世界首颗民用晨昏轨道气象卫星FY-3E上,其研制过程在FY-3D/HIRAS-I产品基础上,重点提升了探测器灵敏度、光谱和辐射定标精度等方面。仪器发射前进行了全面的热真空定标试验,其中非线性订正作为辐射定标过程的重要环节,对辐射定标精度具有重要影响。针对HIRAS-II长波和中波1红外探测器产生的非线性效应,通过缩放带内光谱对原始数据作非线性订正,采用最小化不同温度点复原光谱各波数点的响应度分布和最小化变温黑体定标偏差分布两种方法推导非线性系数。对比辐射定标数据作非线性订正前后的光谱亮温偏差,结果表明,经过非线性订正后的辐射定标精度得到了明显提升。     

基于响应率修正的傅里叶变换光谱仪非线性校正算法研究

傅里叶变换高光谱仪器在定量化遥感领域展现出极大的优势,非线性校正是保证在轨辐射定标精度不可缺少的过程。针对搭载于风云四号静止轨道干涉式红外探测仪（FY-4/GIIRS）运行轨道受日晒分布不均匀、仪器环境温度日变化剧烈的特点,推导出一种基于仪器光谱响应率修正的非线性校正算法,通过测量一组标准参考辐射源光谱量化值和光谱响应率,拟合得到光谱响应率一次项修正系数。在仪器环境温度变化后,利用一次项修正系数、黑体观测光谱值和黑体观测光谱响应率重新计算光谱响应率常数项修正系数,就可以得到任意仪器环境温度下的仪器非线性校正系数。经仪器发射前地面热真空（TVAC）定标试验数据验证,该算法简单有效,在各试验环境温度工况下,对180～320 K观测范围内的辐射定标精度均有明显的提高。     

基于FY-3E星载红外观测的交叉定标匹配不确定性分析

星载红外高光谱传感器与多通道光谱传感器在轨交叉定标时能够提升数据精度和质量,交叉定标样本通常采用星下点交叉方式匹配筛选,包括空间、时间、观测几何角度和光谱匹配,匹配误差的不确定性将对最终交叉定标精度产生影响。采用FY-3E同平台红外高光谱大气探测仪HIRAS-II和中分辨率光谱成像仪MERSI-LL均匀晴空背景进行观测,根据视线向量匹配HIRAS-II星下点瞬时视场内的MERSI-LL像素,分别通过模拟视场偏移、观测天顶角偏差和光谱响应函数变化单独分析空间、观测几何角度和光谱匹配误差引入的匹配不确定度。结果表明,空间失配引起观测背景辐射亮温变化,偏移一半像元视场时的相对不确定度约为10%,达到一个像元时为25%～30%;观测几何角度失准引起光谱辐射亮温变化,观测天顶角偏移20°时的不确定度优于0.2%;光谱响应函数差异引起光谱等效辐射亮温变化,响应函数发生展宽时对吸收通道的不确定度最大约为2.5%,窗区通道为0.4%,收缩时的不确定度整体优于0.3%,平移引起的不确定度相对较小,移动5倍波长间隔时优于0.1%。     

风云四号A星干涉式大气垂直探测仪在轨定标及性能评价

干涉式大气垂直探测仪(GIIRS)是风云四号A星(FY-4A)的三大主载荷之一,其主要功能是实现大气温度和湿度参数的垂直结构观测.为了满足卫星数据定量化应用的要求,FY-4A星成功发射之后,围绕GIIRS开展了一系列的在轨定标和性能评价工作.评价结果表明:除部分通道受到有机挥发物的影响,85%的通道灵敏度优于设计指标;利用大气辐射传输模式,通过比较观测光谱与模拟光谱的均方根误差来确定激光有效采样频率,实现了GIIRS在轨光谱定标,精度达到10 ppm;利用星上面源黑体,考虑到非理想干涉图的相位影响,采用改进后的两点式外黑体定标法,实现了星上在轨辐射定标,长波和中波的平均亮温偏差均小于1 K,优于设计指标.     

MODIS的HJ-1B红外通道星上定标系数交叉验证

HJ-1B卫星自发射以红外通道共进行了7次星上黑体定标,针对星上定标系数的验证工作开展较少,以MODIS第31、32通道为参考源,分别基于光谱响应差异和线性统计关系两种方法对HJ-1B红外通道星上定标系数进行验证.首先,计算两个传感器表观辐亮度的匹配关系,进而计算出HJ-1B红外通道的等效离表亮温,通过与HJ-1B红外通道基于星上定标系数反演得到的离表亮温进行比较,实现对星上定标系数的验证.通过半高宽法、矩方法和查找表法这三种不同的方法计算得到了2009年9月14日星上定标系数.结果表明:三种方法中,查找表法精度较高, 且HJ-1B查找表法星上定标系数反演亮温与基于光谱响应差异和线性统计关系计算的等效亮温偏差较小,分别为0.02 K和0.81 K.这两种交叉验证方法的精度均在1 K以内,证明了该方法的可行性,且基于光谱响应差异的验证方法精度更高.该研究为光学载荷在轨辐射定标的验证提供了理论基础.     

长波红外高光谱成像光谱仪的辐射定标

红外辐射定标是红外遥感信息定量化的关键技术,对所测光谱进行定标是定量分析中的重要环节。采用自行研制长波红外高光谱成像光谱仪原理实验装置(简称CHIPED-I)进行验证,用黑体对实验装置进行了两点线性定标,将测量的相对强度转化成目标的绝对辐射亮度谱,采用亮温法算出标定后的亮温光谱。结果表明,这种辐射定标方法用于长波红外高光谱成像光谱仪方法可行,这对进一步分析大气透过率和反演大气中红外活性气体浓度具有实际意义。     

卫星高光谱红外大气探测的正演模拟研究

利用精确的红外大气辐射传输计算模型KCARTA,模拟计算了光谱分辨率、通道光谱响应函数、光谱定标精度、大气倾斜路径和表面发射率对高光谱观测亮温的影响.正演计算的结果表明：1）提高光谱分辨率明显增加了可探测的大气亮温;2）各种内、外部因素的变化对高光谱仪器将产生远较低光谱仪器更大的观测亮温差.本研究可为我国高光谱大气探测仪器的设计以及高光谱大气探测反演算法研究的开展提供科学的参考依据.     

GF5B热红外通道星上定标与验证

以GF5B卫星发射前实验室定标为基础,采用星上0级黑体定标数据,建立了适用于GF5B热红外通道的星上绝对辐射定标模型。通过对2022年01月12日星上黑体定标数据进行处理,获得成像仪热红外通道的绝对辐射定标系数。对星上定标系统精度进行分析,并采用地面同步烟台浮标数据对定标结果进行精度验证,结果表明,在轨后星上定标系统的绝对定标精度为0.9 K;星地验证结果显示B11和B12通道亮温的偏差分别为0.33、0.77 K。说明基于星上黑体的定标方法具有较好的精度,定标结果可靠,可满足遥感数据定量化应用的需要,为实时准确获取热红外通道定标系数提供了方法借鉴。     

基于灰阶靶标的高分辨光学卫星传感器在轨绝对辐射定标

辐射定标是光学卫星传感器遥感信息定量化的关键技术之一。基于多灰阶靶标的星载多光谱相机在轨绝对辐射定标方法,以地面漫射辐射/总辐射比、大气光学厚度等参数的实际测量代替气溶胶散射特性假设,通过参照目标反射辐射与大气程辐射及地气耦合辐射的分离,简化定标流程,并突破大面积辐射校正场受时空条件的限制,实现高分辨率多光谱遥感器全动态范围内的高精度、高频次、业务化定标。试验结果表明:基于灰阶靶标的高分辨光学卫星传感器在轨绝对辐射定标不确定度优于3.5%,与反射率基法定标结果的差异优于5%,且适应于复杂环境条件下在轨定标的应用需求。     

资源一号02C PMS传感器在轨场地绝对辐射定标研究

资源一号02C全色/多光谱传感器数据在国民经济建设中有着广泛的应用, 而精确的绝对辐射定标系数决定着其应用的广度与深度。在轨场地定标方法是获取高精度定标系数的有效方法之一。利用敦煌辐射校正场,基于地面同步测量实验,通过两点法对资源一号 02C卫星全色/多光谱传感器进行在轨绝对辐射定标。并使用新疆靶标2012年7月23日实测数据进行定标系数的验证工作。结果表明：利用两点法所得定标系数可靠性高,可满足遥感数据定量化应用的需要。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.