电解液温度对直流电解沉积纳米孪晶Cu微观结构的影响

通过控制直流电解沉积电解液温度制备出不同微观结构的块体纳米孪晶Cu样品。结果表明,当电解液温度由313 K降低至293 K,纳米孪晶Cu的平均晶粒尺寸由27.6 mm减小至2.8 mm,平均孪晶片层厚度由111 nm减小至28 nm。电化学测试表明,降低温度减缓了纳米孪晶Cu沉积的电化学过程,使阴极过电位增大,引起晶粒和孪晶的形核率增加,从而使晶粒尺寸和孪晶片层厚度同时减小。     

超硬MgB2导体的高温高压合成

本文在国产六面顶高温高压设备上成功制备出具有超高硬度和良好导电特性的二硼化镁(MgB2)聚晶体材料.样品制备的压力和温度条件分别为5.5GPa和700～1000℃.光学显微镜观测表明,合成样品具有褐色金属光泽.通过X射线衍射对合成样品进行了晶体结构的表征.X射线衍射谱表明,二硼化镁晶体具有典型的六角结构,空间群为P6/mmm(191).晶格常数为,a=0.308nm,c=0.352nm.常态下,合成样品的显微硬度、体密度和电阻率分别被测量.其显微硬度为4109.5 kgf/mm2,常态下电导率为2.42×10-6Ωm.这些特性决定着硼化镁聚晶有着潜在的应用价值.     

38CrSi钢表面纳米结构层力学性能的研究

采用超音速微粒轰击技术在38CrSi合金钢表面制备了厚度约为25μm纳米晶层.利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜对表面结构进行分析.纳米结构层的最表面层的晶粒尺寸约为16nm,晶粒尺寸随着距表面距离的增加而增大.利用纳米压痕仪对表面纳米结构层的力学性能进行研究,结果表明,当表面晶粒尺寸降低到纳米量级时力学性能明显改善,最表面纳米结构层的硬度是基体的2倍左右,并服从Hall-Petch关系;表面纳米结构层的弹性恢复系数明显提高;利用该方法制备的纳米晶对弹性模量的影响较小;对表面纳米化样品进行低温退火处理可使纳米结构层的性能更加稳定.分析表明表面纳米结构层力学性能的改善主要是表面晶粒细化的结果.     

非平衡磁控溅射离子镀Cu-Nb纳米晶薄膜的微观结构及性能

研究了Nb含量对纳米晶Cu-Nb薄膜微观结构和性能的影响。使用非平衡磁控溅射离子镀技术,在具有(100)晶面的单晶Si基体和玻璃基体上制备不同Nb含量的Cu-Nb纳米晶薄膜,研究Nb含量对纳米晶Cu-Nb薄膜微观结构和性能的影响。将样品置于卧式真空退火炉中进行400 ℃退火,用配备了能量色散X射线光谱仪的场发射扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、X射线衍射仪、纳米压痕仪和四探针电阻率测试仪等分析了退火前后薄膜的微观结构、力学性能与电学性能。结果表明,沉积态Cu-Nb薄膜表面由致密的纳米晶组成,表面粗糙度最高仅为8.54 nm,且无明显的孔洞和裂纹等缺陷。随着Nb含量的增加,薄膜的平均晶粒尺寸下降5 nm,薄膜的硬度也因细晶强化而有所增加,在靶电流为1.3 A时达到最大值4.9 GPa。退火态样品在硬度、弹性模量、平均晶粒尺寸和表面粗糙度方面与沉积态薄膜相比有较小的变化,Cu-Nb薄膜表现出优良的热稳定性。Nb的加入可有效细化晶粒,达到细晶强化的效果,同时Cu-Nb不互溶的特性使得纳米晶薄膜在高温下也可保持较好的热稳定性。Nb靶溅射电流为0.5 A 时薄膜综合性能最佳,此时沉积态Cu-Nb薄膜的电阻率最低,为3.798×10^-7 Ω/m,硬度和弹性模量高达4.6 GPa和139.5 GPa,薄膜厚度为1050 nm,粗糙度R_a为4.70 nm。     

低碳钢表面纳米化处理及结构特征

采用表面机械研磨技术在低碳钢上制备出纳米结构表层，利用X射线衍射和电子显微分析研究表层的结构特征，并对厚度沿厚度方向的变化进行分析，结果表明，经过表面机械研磨处理后，样品表层的晶粒可细化至纳米量级，表面纳米晶层的厚度约为40μm，平均晶粒尺寸由10nm，逐渐增加到100nm，在距表面约40－80μm的深度为亚微晶层，平均晶粒尺寸进一步增至1000nm,与样品的心部相比，表层的硬度显著提高。     

大变形制备纳米取向硅钢

以Fe-3.18%Si的热轧无取向硅钢片为原料,采用1100℃淬火、室温下70%的应变量变形,进行了500℃×0.5 h退火处理,制备了纳米亚微米晶粒尺度的薄硅钢片,并用透射电镜对其结构进行分析,用X-射线衍射议和透射电镜对样品中的纳米亚未晶粒结构和织构进行了分析。结果表明,热轧无取向硅钢片经1100℃淬火获得了板条马氏体组织,再经室温大变形和各种退火温度和退火时间的再结晶退火之后,得到纳米晶粒结构,并形成了(110)晶面的织构。     

纳米晶SmCo7合金的相稳定性、相变行为及其对磁性能的影响

以纳米晶单相SmCo7合金块体为初始原料,通过系列退火系统研究了随着晶粒长大其物相组成和显微组织的演变特征。研究发现纳米晶SmCo7相从室温至600℃都能保持很好的相稳定性(晶粒长大十分缓慢)。而且研究发现纳米晶SmCo7相的失稳分解和晶粒的突发长大会同时发生。值得注意的是分解形成的Sm2Co17相大部分是以显微孪晶的形式存在,而SmCo5相则是呈圆形均匀分布于合金中。另外通过对具有不同晶粒尺寸和物相组成的纳米晶SmCo7合金的室温磁性能细致表征,发现单相SmCo7合金都具有非常优异的磁性能。而其中平均晶粒尺寸为33nm的单相SmCo7合金具有最高矫顽力,达到1164.54kA/m;平均晶粒尺寸为29nm的单相SmCo7合金具有最高的磁能积,达到95.65kJ/m3。     

Fe_(72.5)Cu_1Nb_2V_2Si_(13.5)B_9纳米晶薄带的巨磁阻抗效应

Fe72.5Cu1Nb2V2Si13.5B9非晶薄带经晶化退火处理,随退火温度增加,析出纳米晶bccα-Fe(Si)相,当超过550℃,薄带在析出纳米晶bccα-Fe(Si)的同时,还析出硬磁性的Fe2B相。Fe72.5Cu1Nb2V2Si13.5B9纳米晶薄带具有巨磁阻抗(GMI)效应,其效应强度灵敏依赖于退火温度,当退火温度为550℃、退火时间为30 min时,bccα-Fe(Si)平均晶粒尺寸约为16nm,其巨磁阻抗存在最大值。巨磁阻抗效应还强烈依赖于频率。对于550℃退火30min的Fe72.5Cu1Nb2V2Si13.5B9纳米晶薄带,其在50kHz下,ΔX/X(H=7 162A/m)可达到-500%,3 MHz下,ΔR/R(H=7 162A/m)约为-150%。700kHz下,GMI效应值有最大值,ΔZ/Z(H=7 162A/m)约为-121%。     

基于同步辐射连续X射线谱的多重孪生形态与长大的原位分析（英文）

同步辐射连续X射线谱微衍射技术被应用于原位研究AZ31(Mg-3Al-1Zn)薄板单向拉伸过程中的形变孪生,对孪晶在64~73 MPa载荷条件下的形态和生长进行原位分析。在先进光源中心(ALS)的12.3.2光束线采集的X射线衍射数据被用来表征面积为396μm×200μm的关注区域。该实验装置和具有深度分辨能力的X射线显微术可在亚微米尺度上确定晶粒内位置与取向联系。一系列基体晶粒按照晶体取向分类来研究孪生行为。结果展示了相同晶粒内多重孪生的孪生变体选择、局域取向差波动及镶嵌块扩展。随着载荷增加,沿孪晶迹线方向的取向差波动持续增加,其原因归结为几何必需位错的积累。     

深度轧制细化工业纯铁晶粒

利用常用的轧制设备，采用热轧与冷轧及热处理相结合，提出了深度轧制工业纯铁和制备块体纳米晶工业纯铁的方法经X射线衍射(XRD)分析，深度轧制后的样品在300℃回复7h，表层晶粒尺寸为38．9nm；透射电镜(TEM)分析表明板材内部的晶粒尺寸为87．5nm．采用该方法可制备出大块、无孔隙缺陷的纳米晶工业纯铁，且晶粒的热稳定性较好．     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.