迷迭香提取物在肉制品中应用的研究进展

迷迭香提取物具有高效抗氧化、广谱抑菌、高温不降解、食用安全等优良特性,可作为抗氧化剂和防腐剂应用于肉制品中。本文综述了迷迭香提取物在不同肉制品中的保鲜和品质提升作用,并指出迷迭香提取物与其他天然抗氧化剂或贮存环境的协同增效作用,以期为迷迭香提取物在肉制品中的应用研究提供参考。     

植物提取物在肉类加工制品中的应用与研究进展

肉制品易因脂质氧化、微生物生长等问题导致其品质下降,货架期变短。植物提取物中富含多酚、黄酮、萜类等活性物质,具有较好的抑菌和抗氧化活性,且安全性较高,已逐渐成为肉制品防腐保鲜方面研究的热点。对植物提取物中常见的几种活性成分及其在肉制品中的应用进行了阐述,提出了植物提取物应用时存在的问题及展望,为植物提取物在肉类加工制品中的应用提供更多的理论依据。     

淀粉基食品薄膜在肉制品保鲜中的应用

肉制品作为具有高生物价值的蛋白质、矿物质、维生素和过量生物活性化合物等基本营养素的来源,被人们广泛接受和喜爱。但是肉质品在不当环境下储存极易腐败变质,因此亟需寻求绿色、高效的保鲜技术。近年来,淀粉作为一种可成膜多糖被广泛用于制备生物可降解薄膜以用于食品包装,通过作为抗氧化抗菌生物活性物质载体或隔绝氧气等来维持肉制品的新鲜度,目前基于淀粉与成膜材料联合制备的复合膜已成为肉制品防腐保鲜技术的研究热点。因此,本文通过综述淀粉的基本性质、基于淀粉制备的食品复合膜的结构及特性,以及重点阐述淀粉基食品薄膜与精油、天然提取物、纳米复合材料等联用在肉制品保鲜中的研究进展,以期为淀粉基食品薄膜在肉制品保鲜中的应用提供理论参考。     

香辛料提取物在肉品保鲜中的作用及应用

天然香辛料提取物对肉品具有抑菌防腐作用和抗氧化作用,可用于肉品保鲜。本文主要论述了香辛料提取物的提取和使用方法、对肉品的作用以及其作为保鲜剂在冷却肉和肉制品中的应用情况。     

土耳其和美国联合研究添加葡萄籽提取物对煮制牛肉中产气荚膜梭菌生长的影响

正产气荚膜梭菌是一类厌氧、非运动、消耗亚硫酸盐、内生芽孢、革兰氏阳性和杆状的细菌,在土壤、灰尘、动物胃容物、蔬菜表面以及生制和熟制食物中广泛存在。产气荚膜梭菌的生长温度为12～50℃,最适生长温度为43～47℃,鉴于其在屠宰过程中的污染,肉和肉制品中分离出产气荚膜梭菌的概率为47.4%。为分析葡萄籽提取物对产气荚膜梭菌生长的抑制作用,土耳其和美国进行相关研究。葡萄籽提取物的添加量为0%～3%,分析过程中在煮制牛肉中预先接种孢子。结果表明:不论是否添加葡萄籽提取物,产气荚膜梭菌在4℃均     

葡萄籽、松树皮和花生衣提取物中原花青素 成分研究

建立葡萄籽提取物中7种原花青素成分的高效液相色谱测定方法。以该方法对不同品种的葡萄籽、松树皮和花生衣提取物进行测定分析。结果表明:葡萄籽、松树皮和花生衣提取物中的原花青素成分种类和含量水平差异较大。不同品种的葡萄籽提取物中原花青素成分种类水平一致,不同品种的花生衣提取物中原花青素成分种类水平也一致,而不同品种的松树皮提取物中原花青素成分种类差距较大。该方法可以用于简单快速地区分葡萄籽提取物、松树皮提取物和花生衣提取物。     

功能食品配料——葡萄籽提取物的综合研究

本文综合介绍葡萄籽提取物的研究进展,内容包括葡萄籽提取物的结构、理化性质、测定方法、保健功能、生产工艺以及葡萄籽提取物的研究、应用现状和发展前景。     

葡萄籽提取物生理活性及其提取研究

葡萄籽提取物具有多种生理活性而成为有关科研工作者的研究热点.综述了葡萄籽提取物生理活性及其提取分离研究进展,并对葡萄籽提取物的开发利用前景进行了展望.     

葡萄籽提取物对葵花籽油抗氧化活性的研究

研究葡萄籽提取物对葵花籽油的抗氧化性能,实验证实葡萄籽提取物对油脂氧化有很好的抑制作用。在油脂中葡萄籽提取物的抗氧化性强于Vc、VE,预示其在粮油食品中具有广阔的应用前景。     

葡萄籽提取物抑菌活性及葡萄籽油化学成分对比研究

研究了葡萄籽提取物的抑菌活性,并测定了两种葡萄籽油的化学成分。以宁夏贺兰山东麓产区两种酿酒葡萄的葡萄籽为原料,通过微生物抑菌圈实验,测定了葡萄籽不同极性有机溶剂提取物、两种葡萄籽油对三种细菌的抑菌活性;同时,采用气相色谱联合质谱法(chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)测定了葡萄籽油的化学成分。结果表明,葡萄籽提取物的抑菌活性由强到弱排列如下:正丁醇萃取物(N-butanol part of 95% ethanol total extracts,TEN)>95%乙醇总浸提物(95% ethanol total extracts,TE)>石油醚萃取物(Petroleum ether part of 95% ethanol total extracts,TEP)>乙酸乙酯萃取物(Ethyl acetate part of 95% ethanol total extracts,TEE)>两种葡萄籽油(Oil-1、Oil-2);TEN样品在0.20 g/mL浓度时对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌显示出强抑菌效果,对枯草芽孢杆菌也显示出较强抑菌效果。此外,两种酿酒葡萄的葡萄籽油化学成分种类相似,Oil-1、Oil-2中分别鉴定出11个和10个化合物,主要组成成分为脂肪酸和酯类,但各成分含量差异较大,Oil-1、Oil-2的亚油酸含量分别为55.36%、43.97%,除亚油酸外Oil-1中其余相同成分的含量均低于Oil-2。本实验提示葡萄籽正丁醇萃取物可以应用于食品的保鲜防腐,为葡萄籽的药用食用开发利用提供基础理论支持。     

Survey of synthetic disinfectants in grapefruit seed extract and its compounded products

Grapefruit seed extract (GSE), derived from the seeds of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi MCAF.), is listed as a natural food additive in Japan. Products containing GSE are used as disinfectants made from only natural sources, especially after Japanese researchers found that GSE prevents the growth of norovirus. On the other hand, recent overseas studies indicated that synthetic disinfectants, such as benzalkonium and benzethonium chlorides, were present in some commercial GSE products. To confirm the quality of commercial GSE products available in Japanese markets, we carried out comprehensive research to identify the major constituents of commercial GSE products which are used as food additives (13 products from 6 manufacturers), dietary supplements (5 products from 4 manufacturers), cosmetic materials (16 products from 10 manufacturers) and disinfectant or deodorant sprays (7 products from 7 manufacturers). By means of NMR and LC/MS analysis, synthetic disinfectants such as benzethonium or benzalkonium salts were detected in most of the commercial GSE products.     

Anti-allergic activity of grapeseed extract (GSE) on RBL-2H3 mast cells

Grapeseed extract (GSE) is a rich source of natural phenolic compounds and possesses various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, effects of GSE on immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated allergic responses still remain elusive. In the present study, the effects of GSE on activation and degranulation of RBL-2H3 mast cells were investigated. GSE pretreatments (20-100 μg/ml) reduced IgE-antigen mediated release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine in RBL-2H3 cells. Additionally, GSE reversibly inhibited expression of FcεRI on RBL-2H3 cells. GSE treatments caused a significant elevation of intracellular cAMP levels, whereas the Ca²⁺ influx upon antigen stimulation was inhibited. Suppression on FcεRI expression together with decreased calcium uptake and increased cAMP level might be involved in attenuated degranulation of mast cells by GSE treatment. Our results suggest a possible pharmaceutical application of GSE in treating type I allergic diseases.     

Effect of salep‐based edible coating enriched with grape seed extract on postharvest shelf life of fresh strawberries

Effects of novel edible coatings based on salep solution (SS) enriched with grape seed extract (GSE) (1.5% SS, 1.5% SS + 0.5% GSE, 1.5% SS + 1.5% GSE, 1.5% SS + 3% GSE) on the quality characteristics of fresh strawberries were monitored after 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days of storage (1°C, 95% RH). The lowest growth of microorganisms, weight loss, softening and ascorbic acid, phenol and anthocyanin degradation was measured in strawberries coated with 1.5% SS + 3% GSE. The highest superoxide dismutase activity and the lowest peroxidase activity were determined in strawberries coated with 1.5% SS + 3% GSE. Moreover, they received the highest ranked sensory attributes. Incorporating GSE into the SS coating formulation as a new hurdle increased its antimicrobial properties and extended the shelf life of coated strawberries compared to uncoated by up to 20 days.     

The effects of grape seed extract fortification on the antioxidant activity and quality attributes of bread

The antioxidant activity change of breads added with grape seed extract (GSE) was investigated. The results showed that bread with the addition of GSE had stronger antioxidant activity than that of blank bread, and increasing the level of GSE addition further enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the bread. However, thermal processing caused antioxidant activity of GSE added to bread to decrease by around 30–40%. We also studied the effect of GSE on the formation of detrimental N^ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), a famous advanced glycation endproduct in bread. According to the results, GSE could reduce CML in bread and acted in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, except for an acceptable colour change, adding GSE to bread had only little effect on the quality attributes of the bread. Altogether, our findings indicate that GSE-fortified bread is promising to be developed as a functional food with relatively lower CML-related health risks, yet a high antioxidant activity.     

葡萄柚种子提取物对酿酒酵母抑制机理的研究

通过揭示葡萄柚种子提取物(GSE)诱导酿酒酵母凋亡的现象,探讨其对酵母抑制的机理。结果表明：GSE有效抑制酿酒酵母的最低质量浓度为0.13mg/mL。DAPI 和TUNEL 核酸荧光染色表明GSE 能使酿酒酵母细胞核浓缩并导致核裂及DNA 断链。ROS 检测表明GSE 能引起酿酒酵母细胞内活性氧大幅增加。     

葡萄柚籽提取物及其纳米乳对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌生物菌膜的抑制作用

目的：研究葡萄柚籽提取物(grapefruitseedextract,GSE)及其纳米乳(grapefruitseedextract nanoemulsion,GNE)对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌生物菌膜的抑制作用。方法：分析菌膜黏附菌数变化、胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)含量并进行微观结构观察,比较GSE和GNE对两菌菌膜(单种菌膜和混合菌膜)形成的抑制作用和已形成菌膜的清除效果。结果：与对照组相比,1/2最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)GSE和GNE可以抑制两菌单种菌膜形成时黏附菌和EPS产生,且对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用更强。扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microcopy,SEM)和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(confocal laser scanning microscope,CLSM)所观察到的微观结构变化也显示出GSE和GNE对两菌菌膜形成具有抑制作用。GSE和GNE对已形成菌膜也有良好清除效果,且对金黄色葡萄球菌菌膜的清除作用更强,但混合菌膜...     

葡萄柚籽提取物对延边黄牛肉保鲜效果的影响

通过测定不同质量分数(0.05％、0.10％、0.15％)葡萄柚籽提取物(GSE)处理的延边黄牛肉在保鲜期内的感官指标、理化指标及微生物指标,研究葡萄柚籽提取物对延边黄牛肉保鲜效果的影响.结果表明:葡萄柚籽提取物对延边黄牛肉有较好的保鲜效果,实验组和对照组相比,延边黄牛肉的保鲜期延长了2～4d,且质量分数为0.10％GSE处理的肉样保鲜效果最好.     

Modulation of lipid metabolism by polyphenol‐rich grape skin extract improves liver steatosis and adiposity in high fat fed mice

This study investigated the influence of polyphenol‐rich grape skin extract (GSE) on adiposity and hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) and its underlying mechanisms based on adipose and hepatic lipid metabolism. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet or a HFD (20% fat, w/w) with or without GSE (0.15%, w/w) for 10 weeks. The supplementation of GSE significantly lowered body weight, fat weight, plasma free fatty acid level, and hepatic lipid accumulation compared to the HFD group. Plasma leptin level was significantly lower, while the plasma adiponectin level was higher in the GSE group than in the HFD group. GSE supplementation significantly suppressed the activities of lipogenic enzymes in both adipose and liver tissues, which was concomitant with β‐oxidation activation. Furthermore, GSE reversed the HFD‐induced changes of the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and β‐oxidation in the liver. These findings suggest that GSE may protect against diet‐induced adiposity and hepatic steatosis by regulating mRNA expression and/or activities of enzymes that regulate lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in the adipose tissue and liver.     

Grape seed extract inhibits lipid oxidation in muscle from different species during refrigerated and frozen storage and oxidation catalyzed by peroxynitrite and iron/ascorbate in a pyrogallol red model system

The antioxidant effect of grape seed extract (GSE) was determined by assessing the bleaching of pyrogallol red (PGR) by peroxynitrite or iron/ascorbate, and the formation of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS) in raw or cooked ground muscle during refrigerated or frozen storage. In PGR models, GSE was more effective than gallic acid in inhibiting oxidation. The formation of LOOH and TBARS was inhibited by GSE (0.1% and 1.0%) compared to untreated controls and samples treated with sodium tripolyphosphate. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), alone or in combination with GSE, had no effect on LOOH or TBARS, which provides clues about the possible mechanism of action of GSE. These results show that GSE at concentrations as low as 0.1% is a very effective inhibitor of primary and secondary oxidation products in various muscle systems and has potential as a natural antioxidant in raw and cooked meat systems.