倒立摆系统的最优控制应用研究

针对倒立摆系统的不稳定性,对最优控制理论在倒立摆控制系统中的应用进行了分析,设计LQR控制器,并在倒立摆实验装置上进行了实验。实验结果表明设计的控制器是有效的,对倒立摆系统的平衡稳定控制效果好,提高了系统的抗干扰能力。     

倒立摆系统的自摆起和稳定控制

为了实现一级倒立摆系统自摆起和稳定控制，该文采用了最优控制与PID控制相结合的控制方法。首先，采用Bang—Bang控制理论设计开环时间最优控制器，实现倒立摆的平稳快速摆起，同时设计经典PID控制器控制小车位置；然后采取线性二次型最优控制理论设计LQR控制器，将倒立摆稳定在平衡位置。计算机仿真和倒立摆系统实时仿真表明，文中提出的控制策略和控制算法得到了很好的验证，取得了满意的效果。     

基于非线性控制方法的倒立摆系统控制

应用非线性系统跟踪控制方法对倒立摆系统的控制进行研究.基于非线性系统控制方法对倒立摆系统摆的镇定问题、台车位置调节问题和鲁棒控制问题设计出了具体的控制器.最后给出了在所设计的各种控制器作用下系统的仿真结果,结果表明所设计的控制器对倒立摆系统的稳定控制具有良好的效果.     

直线柔性连接两级倒立摆系统建模

倒立摆系统是一个复杂的、非线性的、不稳定的高阶系统。倒立摆的控制一直是控制理论及应用的典型课题，而实施有效控制的关键是对该系统进行建模。在对倒立摆系统进行了概要的介绍后，详述了如何利用拉格朗日方程对直线柔性连接两级倒立摆建模。科研人员可基于此模型研发各种控制策略。     

二级倒立摆的鲁棒建模及其鲁棒H∞最优控制

针对倒立摆系统本身存在的大量不确定性因素，建立其不确定数学模型。苦于最优控制的思想，针对二级倒立摆的参数摄动及干扰，设计了鲁棒H∞最优控制器，并在二级倒立摆实验装置上进行控制。实验结果表明；用鲁棒H∞最优控制器的二级倒立摆系统，具有很强的鲁棒稳定性和抗干扰性。     

基于滑模变结构的柔性倒立摆控制研究

针对柔性倒立摆稳摆控制比较困难且传统指数趋近率的滑模变结构控制易对系统造成抖振,基于机理建模方法建立柔性倒立摆数学模型,提出变指数趋近率的滑模变结构控制方法,设计了滑模变结构控制器,使系统具有较好的稳摆控制和鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,基于变指数趋近率的滑模变结构控制方法能够更好的实现倒立摆稳定控制,相比于传统指数趋近率的滑模控制器输出更加平滑,进而减小了控制器的负担。     

二级倒立摆的二次型最优控制研究

倒立摆系统以其自身的不稳定性而难以控制，也因此成为自动控制实验中验证控制策略优劣的极好的实验装置。针对二级倒立摆系统的平衡控制问题，对其进行数学建模，应用二次型最优控制理论设计了控制器。仿真结果表明，二次型最优控制对于典型非线性自不稳定系统有着很好的控制能力。     

基于Riccati方程和LMI算法的H∞控制器的设计与实现

H∞控制是一种重要的鲁棒控制方法,它以H∞范数作为控制性能指标,是一种最优控制方法,目的是求出系统内部稳定的控制器,使闭环传递函数的无穷范数极小,达到控制的目的。以固高公司的直线一级倒立摆为控制对象,实现基于Riccati方程和LMI算法的H∞控制器设计,采用M文件及simulink实现系统建模、控制器的设计,完成系统算法的验证,实验表明,控制器的输出、倒立摆系统的状态变量变化平稳,系统具有较强的鲁棒性,系统表现出良好的动态品质,验证了H∞控制器的有效性。     

模糊规则控制一种绝对不稳定系统

本文设计了一个高精度、高分辨率的模糊控制器，并用以控制二阶倒立摆获得成功。提出了一种处理多变量系统的新观点，给出了模糊控制二阶倒立摆的控制规则；和一种强有力的清晰化方法，从而使模糊控制器的输出更加细腻，应用上述理论设计的高精度、高分辨率的模糊控制器，对二阶倒立摆进行实时控制获得成功。     

基于T-S模糊控制模型的单级倒立摆仿真研究

为了实现对单级倒立摆非线性不稳定系统的稳定控制,本文利用模糊控制理论中的T-S模糊模型将其处理成多个局部线性模型的模糊逼近,并进行了模糊控制器的设计.通过Simulink对倒立摆系统进行了建模仿真和对系统控制效果的分析,结果表明:此模型实现了对单级倒立摆的稳定控制,并且具有模糊规则少、结构简单、很好的稳定性和快速性等优点,对于其它非线性不稳定系统的控制提出了一种有效的途径.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。