基于逆矩阵法的汽车关键点振动传递路径分析

针对某样车建立了关键点振动传递路径的分析模型,构建传递函数逆矩阵,建立了激励点载荷计算模型。通过试验测试获取各条传递路径的传递函数和各关键点响应,以传递函数逆矩阵法对各激励点进行载荷识别。对比目标点振动的计算值与实测值,验证模型的可靠性,将识别的载荷用于各条传递路径的振动贡献量分析以找出振动关键传递路径。结果表明,计算值与实测值的曲线吻合度高,验证了模型的可靠性;发动机后悬置X向、排气管前悬挂X和Y向的贡献量最大,为关键的振动传递路径;进一步对关键振动路径进行传递函数与载荷力的分析结果表明,在频率为25Hz和75.5Hz左右时,方向盘Z向的振动主要是由激励点载荷力过大所引起的。此结果为汽车振动原因的诊断和改进提供理论依据。     

动力总成振动对车内噪声的传递路径影响

为了研究动力总成振动对车内噪声的影响,在介绍传递路径分析基本原理的基础上,利用LMS/TPA软件,针对某轿车车内噪声存在问题的工况,以动力总成振动激励对车内噪声的传递路径分析为例,详述了传递路径分析的方法和步骤,并对影响车内噪声的动力总成悬置振动的主要传递路径进行了分析识别.结果表明,车内噪声主要是由动力总成振动激励引起,且动力总成右悬置Z向振动激励对车内噪声的贡献量较大.要降低该车型在上述工况下的车内噪声,应重点对动力总成右悬置Z向的隔振性能进行改进;运用传递路径分析方法不仅可以识别出各传递路径贡献量的幅值大小,还可以得到各贡献量幅值之间的相位关系,从而为动力总成各悬置设计提供依据.     

高速列车车内低频气动噪声预测

为研究气动载荷下高速列车的车内低频噪声,建立高速列车空气动力学模型,采用大涡模拟(Large Eddy Simulation,LES)法计算中间车的表面脉动压力.将脉动压力加载到高速列车的有限元模型上,通过瞬态分析得到车体的振动位移响应;将位移响应作为边界条件,采用边界元法(Boundary Element Method,BEM)分析车内噪声.结果表明：车窗振动位移最大,车顶和车底次之;中间车车厢的两端声压比中部大;在低频范围内,车厢内声压呈强弱交替分布,声场强弱界限较明显,且随着频率的增大,沿车体纵向和横向干涉条纹增多;车内低频气动噪声随速度二次方的增大而增加.     

基于声灵敏度的车身拓扑优化

为探讨板件结构对车内噪声的影响,建立某商务车的白车身有限元模型,分析其模态和车身声灵敏度,确定对汽车低频振动和噪声影响较大的板件;结合变密度法在整车环境下对板件进行减振降噪的拓扑优化,根据拓扑优化结果对板件进行结构修改. 优化后的车身声灵敏度曲线与原车身声灵敏度曲线相比,低频范围内的峰值都有不同程度的降低,表明结合整车动态响应的汽车板件结构拓扑优化可以有效降低车内低频振动噪声.     

基于路面平整度模拟的汽车行驶振动感应研究

由于当前应用较为广泛的智能车辆所需扭矩均较大，换挡后加速过程，车身前后振动明显，尤其在高速行驶时易出现方向盘抖动或跳动、发动机支撑不稳的问题。为此，提出考虑路面平整度的智能汽车行驶振动感应方法。构建路面平整度函数模拟，计算有效道路空间振动频率分量，计算汽车行驶过程中受到路面空间振动激励和响应。在路面激励模型中加入截至频率，构建车路间耦合性振动感应模型，计算车辆系统和道路系统间各种情况下振动。利用路面振动响应函数的速度谱和加速度谱函数，计算路面对车辆振动的激励和响应间关联度，结合相对坐标的函数推导，实现对智能汽车行驶振动的感应。实验结果显示，研究方法能准确计算出汽车行驶中的振动频率，且对振动的感应误差小，说明上述方法的应用具有准确性高，鲁棒性好的性能优势。     

火箭发动机喷流噪声数值模拟及声振分析

为给火箭系统结构振动响应分析提供有效载荷,采用雷诺平均N S（Reynolds averaged N S,RANS）方程求解喷流流场与用非线性声学求解器（Non linear Acoustics Solver,NLAS）求解喷流声场相结合的方法,对某高超声速火箭液体发动机喷流噪声进行数值模拟.用有限元法和统计能量分析相结合的方法,求解发动机模型在噪声作用下的全频段振动响应.计算结果表明：发动机喷流噪声声压级大小与喷流流场的湍流动能密切相关,湍流强度大的位置喷流噪声声压大;喷流流场初始段混合层内产生的噪声在高频段大于过渡区内产生的噪声,但中低频段却相反.     

汽车车内噪声主动控制系统仿真

降低汽车空腔的振动,是抑制汽车车内噪声的有效途径之一;以激振器、作动器和控制器等为主要部件,搭建了简化的汽车车内噪声主动控制系统,该系统通过将汽车空腔模型简化为板件,以减弱板件振动为目标,实现了汽车车内噪声主动控制;采用简谐正弦及余弦信号作为激振器发出的激励,用于模拟板件的初始振动,控制器通过采用模糊控制算法直接控制压电陶瓷作动器的振动,压电陶瓷作动器的振动用于抑制板件的振动,完成了汽车车内噪声主动控制系统仿真;仿真结果表明,研究采用的汽车车内噪声主动控制系统,使汽车空腔振动降低23%,为解决由汽车发动机和动力总成的振动所引发的汽车车内噪声问题提供了一个有效途径。     

基于Matlab的越野汽车非线性悬架系统仿真

建立了考虑刚度和阻尼非线性的两自由度越野汽车悬架系统的仿真模型。用谐波叠加法构成的路面不平度作为路面激励,并利用半波正弦信号模拟越野汽车通过半圆形路障时的激励,在这些激励下,用数值方法获得了车身加速度,车轮动载,悬架动挠度的响应以及冲击作用下车身加速度的模拟响应。根据随机振动理论谱估计方法,由输入输出信号获得非线性悬架系统传递函数的数值解。以此为基础分析了非线性悬架系统在不同行驶工况下的表现出的传递特性的差异。     

基于混合LES/BEM方法的汽车侧窗结构风振噪声分析

利用大涡模拟（Large Eddy Simulation,LES）方法对某轿车的侧窗风振噪声进行计算,其结果与整车道路测试实验结果吻合良好.对相应流场下的车窗进行结构振动特性计算,结果表明汽车高速行驶时车窗结构受内外气流影响会产生微米级的振动.据此振动结果,运用边界元法（Boundary Element Method,BEM）模拟车内辐射声场分布、场点声压频率响应以及车窗板件声学贡献量,结果表明汽车开窗高速行驶时,风振噪声是汽车高速行驶时驾驶员耳旁噪声的主要来源,但在某些频率下车窗辐射声场会有明显的声学响应,其中后窗的辐射声压贡献量占主要部分,开启的侧窗声学贡献量要高于其他侧窗的声学贡献量.     

超高频体模式MEMS谐振器及其传感系统平台技术研究

针对体模式MEMS谐振器激励和响应信号的特点,设计集成了激励信号产生和微弱信号检测的传感测量系统。系统通过对谐振器的扫频激励和检测响应信号,可以准确测量谐振器的谐振频率和Q值特性。为了有效测量谐振器产生的高频微弱位移电流信号,系统设计使用频谱搬移的测量方法。该方法通过把包含在高频信号中的有效信息搬移到低频端进行信号处理,可以提高信号抗噪声的能力,实现对微安量级的高频电流放大检测。     

Research on the virtual reality of vibration characteristics in vehicle cabin based on neural networks

A finite element model of commercial vehicles was firstly built in the paper to study the virtual reality of vibration characteristics, and the top 6-order modal was then computed and compared with the experimental results to verify the reliability of the computational model. Then, a neural network model of the cabin was built. Through road tests, the excitation signal at the cabin suspension point and the response signal of interior vibration noise were measured under the idle condition and constant speed condition. The measured excitation signal was applied to the prediction model for frequency response analysis, in order to compute the interior noise within the range 20–200 Hz. The obtained simulation result of the vibration noise was compared with the experimental result and analyzed. As indicated from the analysis, the influence of excitation spectrum and the model can be reflected by the simulation response spectrum, which is consistent with the experimental result. The higher precision can be also obtained when the model is applied to predict the interior noise.

     

六维力传感器下E膜小生境野草EKF滤波研究

为减小噪声信号对六维力传感器测量精度的影响,同时解决因主振型信息缺失导致扩展Kalman滤波器难以获得最优系统估计的问题,提出一种基于小生境野草算法优化的扩展卡尔曼滤波（NIWO-EKF）算法。算法根据正弦激励力响应与应变之间的关系,构建六维力传感器下E型膜非线性系统模型。将系统干扰矩阵与控制矩阵视为一个整体,引入野草繁殖思想,以前6阶主振型信息构成的综合矩阵为均值,进行高斯采样,产生初始化的可行解。将小生境技术与野草算法相融合,利用野草算法进行全局搜索,根据适应度的大小对个体进行降序排列,按照小生境容量划分出多个种群协同合作,避免搜索过程陷入局部最优,提高算法的寻优精度和收敛速度。采用改进野草算法对EKF中的系统干扰控制矩阵进行优化处理。仿真实例表明,优化后的扩展卡尔曼滤波器能有效地提高六维力传感器的测量精度,具有很好的鲁棒性和稳定性。     

基于CNN-RVM的输电杆塔外破振动识别方案

针对现有杆塔状态检测方案缺乏外破振动识别的现状,提出了一种基于深度学习模型的杆塔外破振动识别技术。首先获取外破条件下的输电杆塔外破振动信号和不同风激励条件下的输电杆塔振动信号,应用延时嵌陷技术对振动信号预处理,将原始信号转为二维形式后送入卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network, CNN)进行特征提取,并采用相关向量机(Relevance Vector Machine, RVM)分类器实现振动模式识别;通过多次实验,确定CNN的最佳参数,再利用softmax分类器和梯度下降法对CNN的权值和阈值进行调整,最终得到高精度识别结构。仿真结果表明,提出的CNN-RVM识别模型在三种振动条件实验中准确率都高于99%,相比于国内外现有其它振动识别方案,具有高精度和高效率的优点。     

A study of acoustic noise generating mechanisms of small form factor HDDs

A combined experimental and numerical study of the acoustic noise from a small form factor hard disk drive (HDD) is made to investigate the relative contribution of structure-borne idle noise to the total generated noise. Initially, the idle noise of a 1.8″ HDD was measured in an anechoic chamber, and a clear high-frequency peak is found in its total idle noise frequency spectrum. Then the modeling and simulation (M&S) of the top cover vibration and the associated sound radiation are performed to identify the dominant source and transmission path causing this noise peak. The M&S process consists of a 3D structural finite element (FE) modeling of the HDD to calculate the frequency-domain vibration response of the top cover, and a boundary element (BE) modeling of the HDD for calculating the radiated sound pressure. The loading specified in the FE model is motor torque ripple: the dominant electromagnetic excitation of fluid dynamic bearing spindle motor for HDDs. Finally, the obtained acoustic BE results of the sound pressure levels at a selected field point are compared to those measured physically in the chamber. It is shown that for the HDD considered, the coincidence of a high-frequency resonant mode with the fifth harmonic frequency of motor torque ripple is responsible for the high-frequency peak noise in the idle noise spectrum.     

自适应Kalman滤波修复六维力传感器下E膜模型误差

为减小动载环境下,噪声信号对六维力传感器测量精度的影响,同时解决因传感器的简化模型误差较大,导致标准Kalman滤波无法获取最优估计的问题,提出一种双因子自适应Kalman滤波算法。算法根据正弦激励力响应和应变之间的关系,建立了下E型膜有色噪声增广状态模型。在标准Kalman滤波的基础上,分析了两种模型误差对滤波效果的影响,采用实时调整状态预测在滤波估计中权重的策略,给出了自适应Kalman滤波准则及递推公式。基于正交性原理和最小二乘法准则,利用三段函数模型构造了双重自适应因子。仿真实例表明,与标准Kalman滤波与强跟踪滤波相比,所提算法具有更好的估计精度和稳定性,能够有效地控制模型误差的影响,从而提高六维力传感器的测量精度。     

窄带随机激励下三稳态压电俘能器的动力学特性与实验研究

本文研究了窄带随机激励下三稳态压电俘能器的动力学输出特性.首先,建立了非线性三稳态压电俘能器的分布参数型机电耦合运动方程,并基于多尺度法推导得到系统运动方程响应的解析解以及一阶、二阶稳态矩的表达式.其次,分析了磁铁间距、噪声强度和激励幅值等参数对系统稳态响应的影响.研究结果表明,在一定参数范围内,随着噪声强度的增加,压电振动俘能器会经历阱内振动、阱间振动甚至大轨道周期运动,以表现出单稳态、双稳态和三稳态特性;改变磁铁水平间距和竖直间距构造三稳态压电俘能器,其振动幅值和采集电压相较于双稳态明显提高.最后,通过实验比较了压电俘能器在不同位形时的采集性能,结果表明了三稳态压电俘能器的优越性,为窄带随机激励下的非线性振动俘能器的设计提供一定的理论依据.     

Design and experimental study of broadband hybrid energy harvester with frequency-up conversion and nonlinear magnetic force

In this paper, a novel broadband hybrid piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvester using in the low frequency vibration environment is proposed, which combines nonlinear magnet force and frequency-up conversion mechanism simultaneously. Performances are studied by theoretical analysis and experimental test. Electromechanical governed equations of harvester are established, and analytical solutions of vibration response, output voltage and power are derived. Then, effects of nonlinear force, spacing between low frequency vibration beam and piezoelectric beam, load resistance and input excitation on harvester performances are investigated by experimental test. It can be concluded that the harvester can be used to work at the low-frequency environment efficiently, and the resonant frequency and harvesting bandwidth can be tuned by the nonlinear force between the magnets and the spacing between beams. Moreover, the larger the nonlinear magnetic force and the smaller the distance between two beams, the lower working frequency and the larger bandwidth. Compared with the corresponding linear apartment, output power and bandwidth of proposed harvester are improved 90% and 125% respectively.

     

An efficient online secondary path estimation for feedback active noise control systems

In practical cases for active noise control (ANC), the secondary path has usually a time varying behavior. For these cases, an online secondary path modeling method that uses a white noise as a training signal is required to ensure convergence of the system. The modeling accuracy and the convergence rate are increased when a white noise with a larger variance is used. However, the larger variance increases the residual noise, which decreases performance of the system and additionally causes instability problem to feedback structures. A sudden change in the secondary path leads to divergence of the online secondary path modeling filter. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes a new approach for online secondary path modeling in feedback ANC systems. The proposed algorithm uses the advantages of white noise with larger variance to model the secondary path, but the injection is stopped at the optimum point to increase performance of the algorithm and to prevent the instability effect of the white noise. In this approach, instead of continuous injection of the white noise, a sudden change in secondary path during the operation makes the algorithm to reactivate injection of the white noise to correct the secondary path estimation. In addition, the proposed method models the secondary path without the need of using off-line estimation of the secondary path. Considering the above features increases the convergence rate and modeling accuracy, which results in a high system performance. Computer simulation results shown in this paper indicate effectiveness of the proposed method.     

闭合磁路电磁式低频振动能量收集装置

为了提高能量转换效率,提出一种新型电磁式低频振动能量收集装置。该装置形成闭合磁路,大幅度提高了能量获取能力;同时利用对称布置的4片磁轭平衡了振子所受磁力,大幅降低振子运动阻力。通过Ansoft Maxwell静态仿真,分析了气隙宽度、相对磁导率、铁芯半径和衔铁齿厚度对线圈最大磁感应强度的影响,并据此优化了参数。另一方面,利用动态仿真得出1 Hz的振动频率下,可产生1.5 V感应电动势,最大有效功率可达12.02 mW,表明装置可以用于为低功耗的无线传感网络节点供电。