2+7×0.30ST超高强度钢帘线的性能及应用

介绍了2+7×0.30ST的基本性能、渗胶性能、疲劳性能和帘布性能,与4 6×0.30HT进行性能对比表明：2 7×0.30ST钢帘线强度高,疲劳性能好,线密度小,破断拉力/线密度和破断拉力/帘线直径比值较高,可减小压延胶片厚度,利于提高轮胎的承载能力和安全性能,其椭圆形结构增加了帘线钢丝之间的缝隙,使其具有优良的渗胶性能,此结构用于轮胎带束层可显著降低轮胎重量,满足轮胎轻量化的要求。     

3+9+15×0.25+0.15ST超高强度钢丝帘线的开发

介绍3+9+15×0.25+0.15ST钢丝帘线的结构和性能,并与7×7×0.22+0.15HT钢丝帘线进行对比.与7×7×0.22+0.15HT钢丝帘线相比,3+9+15×0.25+0.15ST钢丝帘线的线密度较小,破断力/线密度和破断力/帘线直径比值较高,有利于提高轮胎的承载能力和安全性能,其紧密型结构具有良好的渗胶性能,并可显著减小帘布质量,降低成本.     

3+8 13X0.20ST钢丝帘线在高负荷全钢载重

介绍3+8 13×0.20ST钢丝帘线在12R22.5高负荷全钢载重子午线真空胎胎体中的应用。与0.25 6 12×0.225HT钢丝帘线相比,3 8 13×0.20ST钢丝帘线破断力大,直径和线密度相差不大,在破断力/直径和破断力/线密度方面具有优势,以其替代0.25 6 12×0.225HT钢丝帘线用于12R22.5高负荷无内胎全钢载重轮胎胎体,成品轮胎的外缘尺寸基本不变,强度性能、耐久性能、胎圈耐久性能和速度性能均有所提高,安全性能有所提高,胎体的成本有大幅下降,同时有效解决了苛刻使用条件下轮胎不耐磨、肩脱层等问题,     

3+9+15×0.20ST钢丝帘线在高负荷全钢载重子午线轮胎胎体中的应用

介绍3+9+15×0.20ST钢丝帘线在12.00R20高负荷全钢载重子午线轮胎胎体中的应用。与3+9+15×0.225HT钢丝帘线相比,3+9+15×0.20ST钢丝帘线直径和线密度小,在破断力/直径与破断力/线密度方面有优势,以其替代3+9+15×0.225HT钢丝帘线用于12.00R20高负荷全钢载重子午线轮胎胎体,成品轮胎的外缘尺寸基本不变,强度性能、耐久性能、胎圈耐久性能和高速性能均有所提高,安全性能略有提高,胎体成本大幅下降,同时有效解决了苛刻使用条件下轮胎胎肩脱层和胎圈空等问题。     

3＋9＋15×0.225ST钢丝帘线在全钢工程机械轮胎中的应用

研究3＋9＋15×0.225ST钢丝帘线在全钢工程机械轮胎中的应用。结果表明：与3＋9＋15×0.225HT钢丝帘线相比,3＋9＋15×0.225ST钢丝帘线捻向、捻距、帘线直径、线密度和粘合力基本一致,破断力明显提高,钢丝帘线渗胶性能更好,以其替代3＋9＋15×0.225HT钢丝帘线用于全钢工程机械轮胎胎体,工艺性能良好,帘布质量减小;与7×7×0.22＋0.15HT钢丝帘线相比,3＋9＋15×0.225ST钢丝帘线单位直径破断力和单位线密度破断力提高,钢丝帘线渗胶性能更好,以其替代7×7×0.22＋0.15HT钢丝帘线用于全钢工程机械轮胎带束层,压延和成型工艺性能良好。在部分小规格全钢工程机械轮胎的胎体和带束层中使用3＋9＋15×0.225ST钢丝帘线后,轮胎承载能力满足要求,轮胎耐久性能提升,同时由于减小了帘布压延厚度和质量可以节约生产成本。     

3＋8＋13×0.20ST钢丝帘线在高负荷全钢载重子午线轮胎胎体中的应用

介绍3＋8＋13×0.20ST钢丝帘线在高负荷无内胎全钢载重子午线轮胎胎体中的应用。与0.25＋6＋12×0.225HT钢丝帘线相比,3＋8＋13×0.20ST钢丝帘线破断力大,直径和线密度相差不大,在破断力/直径和破断力/线密度方面具有优势,以其替代0.25＋6＋12×0.225HT钢丝帘线用于12R22.5高负荷无内胎全钢载重子午线轮胎胎体,成品轮胎的外缘尺寸基本不变,强度性能、耐久性能、胎圈耐久性能和高速性能均有所提高,胎体成本大幅降低,同时有效解决了苛刻使用条件下轮胎不耐磨、胎肩脱层等问题。     

4+6×0.30HT Betru(R)钢丝帘线在全钢载重子午线轮胎带束层中的应用

研究4+6×0.30HT Betru钢丝帘线在全钢载重子午线轮胎带束层中的应用。结果表明,4+6×0.30HT Betru钢丝帘线直径、线密度和破断力较小,刚度较大;以4+6×0.30HT Betru钢丝帘线替代3+9+15×0.22+0.15钢丝帘线用于全钢载重子午线轮胎带束层,成品轮胎的耐久性能和速度性能提高,生产成本降低。     

3＋9＋15×0.25＋0.15ST钢丝帘线在全钢工程机械子午线轮胎中的应用

研究3+9+15×0.25+0.15sT钢丝帘线在全钢工程机械子午线轮胎胎体中的应用。结果表明:与7×7×0.22+0.15HT钢丝帘线相比,3+9+15×0.25+0.15ST钢丝帘线的直径和线密度减小,在破断力/帘线直径和破断力/线密度方面具有优势;以其替代7×7×0.22+0.15HT钢丝帘线用于26.5R25轮胎胎体中,成品轮胎的外缘尺寸基本相当,耐久性能提高,生产成本降低。     

2+2×0.32ST钢帘线在半钢子午线轮胎中带束层中的应用

研究2+2×0.32ST 钢丝帘线在半钢子午线轮胎中的应用,试验结果表明,2 2×0.32ST钢丝帘丝直径、线密度低于2 2×0.35HT钢丝帘线,而破断力则高于2 2×0.35HT钢丝帘线,以2 2×0.32ST钢丝帘丝替代2 2×0.35HT钢丝帘线用于半钢子午线轮胎265/65R17 TR292 带束层中,轮胎外缘尺寸基本不变,冲击性能提高,轮胎重量减轻,滚动阻力降低,安全性和经济性提升。     

4+3×0.33ST钢丝帘线在全钢载重子午线轮胎中的应用

研究新型钢丝帘线4＋3×0.33ST在全钢载重子午线轮胎中的应用。结果表明,与传统的3×0.20＋6× 0.35HT钢丝帘线相比,4＋3×0.33ST钢丝帘线单位直径和单位线密度破断力大、刚度和渗胶率高,以其替代3×0.20＋6×0.35HT钢丝帘线用于全钢载重子午线轮胎带束层中,在保证轮胎强度和耐久性能的同时,有利于轮胎轻量化,并降低生产成本。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.