氧气高炉工业化试验研究

在8m2氧气高炉上进行了工业化试验,试验氧气高炉炉缸和炉身各设1排风口,炉缸风口喷吹氧气和煤粉,炉身风口喷吹预热的焦炉煤气.试验结果表明:氧气高炉可以实现全氧大喷煤炼铁生产,吨铁喷煤量可以达到450kg,生产效率大幅度提高;炉身吨铁喷吹180ms预热焦炉煤气以后,焦比降低90kg,煤比降低50kg,生产效率提高约20%...     

两段式喷吹煤粉工艺的实践研究

两段式喷吹煤粉工艺具有保护炉内焦炭强度、降低高炉料柱压差的特点,有利于提高煤粉喷吹量、强化高炉冶炼,同时还可以降低高炉大喷煤对焦炭质量的苛刻要求。两段式喷吹煤粉工艺在某钢铁公司日产达到约3 200t的高炉实施,通过对风口焦炭、高炉尘及高炉操作指标的分析,考察了两段式喷吹煤粉工艺的应用效果。工业实践表明:该工艺能有效地保护焦炭强度,改善高炉炼铁的各项技术指标。     

高炉两段式喷吹煤粉工艺的生产实践

两段式喷吹煤粉工艺应用于瑞典SSAB Oxel(o)sund 2号高炉,效果显著.结果表明:若维持风口喷吹煤粉量不变,两段式喷吹煤粉工艺可以提高喷煤量,降低焦比,当第二段喷吹煤粉量5 kg/t时,焦比下降5 kg/t;改善高炉料柱透气性,降低料柱压差,使炉内煤气流分布更加合理,有助于高炉操作稳定,提高煤气利用率;第二段喷入的煤粉可以在高炉内被充分利用,并可以有效地抑制焦炭强度在高炉内的劣化,有助于降低在实施大喷煤工艺时对焦炭质量的苛刻要求;有助于减少炉墙热损失.     

莱钢高炉喷吹煤粉利用率研究

测定了不同高炉炉尘中碳含量及矿物组成,分析了不同煤比对高炉炉尘中碳质量分数和未消耗煤粉比例的影响,确定了莱钢4座高炉在不同喷煤比时高炉炉尘中未消耗煤粉量、焦炭量和煤粉在高炉内的利用率。结果表明,取样高炉炉尘(重力灰和布袋灰)中1#炉碳含量最高,都在50%左右;2#高炉重力灰和布袋灰中最低,含量在分别在20%~30%和10%~15%;炉尘中未消耗焦炭以镶嵌结构为主,布袋灰中未消耗焦炭与煤粉面积比例远低于炉尘;高炉喷吹煤粉利用率达到98.17%以上。随着喷煤比增加,高炉吨铁炉尘量、未消耗碳呈现增加的趋势。高炉操作应根据原料条件合理控制喷吹煤比,降低炉尘碳含量。     

钢铁低碳喷煤比的控制措施

<正>二氧化碳是典型的温室气体,在钢铁产业持续发展的同时,必须降低对环境的影响。要降低钢铁生产过程中的碳排放量,通过提高喷煤比就是方法之一高炉冶炼是通过焦炭提供热量、还原铁矿石。以及维持高炉料柱透气性。高炉喷吹煤粉是从高炉风口向炉内直接喷吹煤粉,以替代焦炭起提供热量和还原剂的作用,从而降低焦比、降低生铁成本。根据发展指南,我国2011~2020年,高炉发展目标是喷煤量≥180 kg/t。而国际先进水平是180~200 kg/t尚有差距。研究表明:高炉喷煤量在超过170 kg/t后,随着喷煤量的增加,二次灰中碳的质量含量随喷煤比增加的     

联邦德国带森钢公司用多种焦炭和大喷煤量进行高炉试验

蒂森钢公司认为从长远看高炉喷煤仍然具有重要意义,为此,将4、1和6号高炉改造成喷煤高炉,进行扩大喷煤量试验。在1号高炉进行了不同质量焦炭的最大喷吹煤粉量试验。在配煤料相同的情况下,1号高炉喷煤导致炉     

高炉风口回旋区煤粉燃烧量界限及喷吹位置的最佳选择

1.绪言 往高炉内喷吹煤粉,可实现高炉生产作业稳定、增加生产弹性、扩大用煤范围。为达到大量喷煤的目的,必须弄清喷煤量和粒径界限等问题,从而确立最佳喷吹技术。 过去,曾做过各种有关煤粉空间燃烧实验,发现煤粉的燃烧性能低于重油,而且,往高炉内大量喷吹煤粉或喷吹粗粒煤粉均颇为困难。 但是,根据在有焦炭情况下所进行的喷煤实验发现,在高炉风口燃烧带,煤粉的燃烧性良好。荷兰、法国等国家喷煤粉量已达到了130kg/t,英国曾报道过喷吹平均粒径在0.3mm以上的粗粒煤粉的消息。     

高炉风口回旋区煤粉燃烧的极限量及合理的喷吹位置

1 绪言 高炉喷吹煤粉是使高炉操作趋向稳定、增加生产灵活性、扩大煤种使用范围的有效技术。为增大煤粉喷吹量,必须搞清楚煤粉喷吹量和煤粉粒度的极限,确定出最合理的喷吹技术。 过去关于煤粉空间燃烧实验的报告指出。煤粉的燃烧性比重油差。因此,高炉大量喷煤或者用大颗粒煤粉都是困难的。 但是,在有焦炭存在时煤粉燃烧实验表明,风口燃烧带煤粉的燃烧性要比预想的好。在实际的高炉操作中,荷兰和法国的喷煤量达到了130kg/tFe以上。英国的粗粉喷吹,其煤粉的平均     

大量喷吹煤粉时炉内气流的模拟试验

在二维流动模型中进行的试验表明,倒V形软熔带对高炉内的透气性来说是最佳的。在喷吹煤粉时,也就是要节省焦炭时,焦炭层厚度应当保持在一定范围内,以便将透气性恶劣的多种颗粒炉料层限制得最薄。通过提高软熔带峰顶位置,可以-增加焦炭窗口数,从而减小这个范围内的透气阻力。燃烧试验表明,喷吹煤粉的最大数量与喷吹煤的种类和粒度有关。试验中没有找到最佳的喷吹煤粉粒度值。超过最大喷吹量时引起燃烧率曲线陡降,同时也会因为炉内未燃烧的煤粉积存而导致透气性变差,炉身下部空隙容积减小而引起炉况失常。为了不致影响高炉的透气性,煤粉必须在循环区内完全燃烧。     

喷煤时高炉内炉料的行为

喷煤操作引起高炉内矿焦比升高，某些喷吹的煤粉沉积在炉内成为未燃半焦。因此，高炉操作不稳定，与喷煤操作相适应的炉内煤气流控制是必须的。通过一系列实验说明了矿焦比对软熔带化学反应的影响：（１）由于矿石层厚度增加，软熔带矿石的速 原是受通过软熔煤气流阻力影响的；（２）未燃半焦比焦气化更快，因此，焦炭分解减少。     

Industrial Practice of BiPCI Process of Pulverized Coal Injection for Blast Furnace Ironmaking at SSAB

BiPCI technology of pulverized coal injection for blast furnace ironmaking was applied to No.2 Blast Furnace of SSAB Oxelösund in Sweden, and notable effectiveness of this BiPCI practice at SSAB has been achieved. The results show that if the tuyere injection rate of pulverized coal is kept nearly unchanged, (1) BiPCI can increase the overall coal rate and decrease the coke rate. When the second injection rate of pulverized coal attains 5 kg/tHM, the coke rate could be reduced by 5 kg/tHM; (2) BiPCI can increase the burden permeability, decrease the pressure drop of the furnace, and produce proper gas flow distribution, which is favourable to keep smooth running of the blast furnace and decrease the total reducing agent rate (RAR). During the test, the RAR showed a decrease by 2.8 kg/tHM (corrected RAR by 1.45 kg/tHM); (3) The pulverized coal through the second injection can be effectively used to protect the coke from fast degradation and improve the coke strength in the blast furnace, which is favourable to lower the high requirement on the coke quality under high coal rate operation.     

Failure Mechanism and Material Requirements for Coal Lance in Blast Furnace

 Abstract： Pulverized coal injection (PCI) is a key technology in modern ironmaking by blast furnace (BF) and the life of injection lance has a great influence on PCI operation and on normal running of blast furnace. It is found that the main reasons for the failure of the lances are their outer surface oxidation and the inner surface erosion through monitoring some lances used in BF. The outer surface oxidation of the lances made of lCr18Ni9Ti is inevitable under high hot blast temperature condition through thermodynamics analysis. A mathematical model for calculating the temperature of common monocular coal lance had been developed according to the principles of mass and energy balance. Increasing temperature and flow velocity of the hot blast would cause a rise in the lance temperature. The influence of hot blast temperature is more obvious. The lance temperature would decline when compressed air flux increases. Conveying technology of dense phase pulverized coal is beneficial to extending lance′s life because decreasing solid-gas ratio would intensify erosion and burning loss. The anti-oxidation temperature of lance materials needs to be over 1000 ℃ for BF intensified smelting. In order to increase the resistance to oxidation of the coal lance′s outer surface, oxidation-resistant steel or Al coating stainless steel is the appropriate material for BF use. Employing the metal surface treatment technology to enhance the hardness of the coal lance′s internal surface could prolong the service life of coal lance.     

铁水包喷吹Mg+CaO粉剂脱硫技术

分析了宝山钢铁股份有限公司采用TDS(Torpedo Car Desulphurization)、PTC(Hot Metal Pre-treatment Center)和铁水包单枪、双枪喷Mg+CaO脱硫模式的生产情况.结果表明,采用铁水包喷吹Mg+CaO脱硫在喷吹时间、脱硫效果、粉剂消耗、生产组织及经济效益等方面明显优于混铁车喷吹脱硫.脱硫时间可缩短50%以上,终点硫质量分数可达到0.001%～0.003%,粉剂总耗量仅为CaC2基粉剂耗量的50%、CaO基粉剂耗量的20%,综合成本比TDS或PTC混铁车脱硫低18%～30%.铁水罐双枪喷Mg+CaO脱硫模式的效果最好.     

改善高炉造渣过程与大量喷煤

炉腹渣量和流动性对高炉强化极其重要，本文就改善造渣过程对大喷煤高炉顺行及强化的影响进行了研究。     

高炉喷煤技术推介

高炉冶炼中向高炉喷吹煤粉为代替部分焦炭,是节能降本、增效的有力手段;本人推介了几种比较新的高炉喷煤技术,并就包钢现状,提出了如何利用资源,提高高炉喷吹煤粉量,进一步降低成本的途径。     

高炉喷吹物料及其演变趋势

介绍了几种高炉喷吹物料的作用及现状,指出凡是可以块状形式从炉顶加入的物料,均可以粉末形式从风口败炉内,作为高炉冶炼达到优质、高产、低耗、长寿的必要调剂手段;高炉喷吹应向以喷吹煤粉为主的复合喷吹方向发展,并与环境保护及二次资源利用结合起来。建议进一步开展对复合喷吹的研究开发工作,以及开展对高炉喷吹废弃可燃物的有关研究开发工作     

Water modelling study of fluid flow and mixing characteristics in bath during AOD process

Abstract

The fluid flow and mixing characteristics in the bath during the argon–oxygen decarburisation (AOD) process have been investigated on a water model of an 18 t AOD vessel blown through two annular tube type lances of constant cross-sectional area. The geometric similarity ratio between the model and its prototype (including the lances) was 1 : 3. Based on theoretical calculations of the parameters of the gas streams in the lances, the gas blowing rates used for the model were determined fairly precisely. Thus, sufficiently full kinematic similarity between the model and its prototype was ensured. The influence of the gas flowrate and the angle included between the two lances was examined. The results demonstrated that the liquid in the bath underwent vigorous circulatory motion during blowing, and there was no obvious dead zone in the bath, resulting in excellent mixing and a short mixing time. The gas flowrates, particularly that of the main lance, had a key influence on these characteristics. However, the gas jet of the sublance had a physical shielding effect on the gas jet of the main lance, and mixing efficiency could be improved by a suitable increase in the gas blowing rate of the sublance. The angular separation of the two lances also had a marked influence on the flow and mixing in the bath. An excessively large or small separation of the two lances would reduce the stability of blowing and would also be unfavourable to mixing. The optimum range of separation is 60–100° under the conditions of the present work. The relationships between the mixing time and the gas blowing rate, the stirring energy, the modified Froude numbers for the main lance and sublance, the lance arrangement, etc. have been obtained.     

鞍钢高炉喷吹水熄焦粉的生产实践

为探索高炉喷吹水熄焦粉的可行性,开展了5%~15%水平下的水熄焦粉高炉喷吹用配煤优化实验室实验及工业喷吹试验。结果表明,在现有配煤基础上,最适宜的配入量为15%,鞍钢新2#和新3#高炉喷吹水熄焦粉后,煤气利用率分别提高0.24%和0.58%,燃料比下降0.71 kg/t和1.82 kg/t,水熄焦粉可用于高炉喷吹。     

高炉喷吹煤和废塑料混合燃料的可行性研究

分析了高炉喷吹混合燃料的可磨性、黏结指数和胶质层厚度等对高炉冶炼的影响,并对高炉喷吹煤粉、喷吹煤粉与废塑料混合燃料进行了燃烧模拟。结果表明,高炉喷吹煤与废塑料混合燃料在理论上是可行的。